风剪切和塔影效应作用下直驱式风电并网系统虚拟惯量控制
|
摘要
风剪切和塔影效应使直驱式风电机组成为强迫功率振荡扰动源,虚拟惯量控制可使风电机组同时具备向系统提供惯量支持和抑制扰动的能力。通过分析虚拟惯量控制中比例-微分环节对系统阻尼、风机轴系扭振和扰动源的影响,提出了虚拟惯量控制的改进方案。在VIC补偿量中引入风机输出功率给定量和二阶带通滤波器,实现了比例、微分系数的等效等比增大。算例分析和仿真结果表明,改进方案在不减少系统阻尼和不降低轴系稳定性的前提下,提高了虚拟惯量控制对强迫功率振荡扰动抑制的能力。
Wind shear and tower shadow effect make direct drive wind power become forced power oscillation disturbance sources, and virtual inertia control makes wind power have the capacities of both the inertia support for the grid and the disturbance suppression. This paper presents an improved virtual inertia control though analyzing the system damping, the torsional vibration and the disturbance source affected by the proportional differentiation coefficients. The proportional differentiation coefficients are enlarged equivalently and simultaneously through adding the reference value of the wind power output and a two-order band pass filter in compensation value of virtual inertia control. The results of analysis and simulation in the example show that the disturbance suppression capacity of virtual inertia control is enhanced on the premise of not decreasing the system damping and the torsional stability.
Wind shear and tower shadow effect make direct drive wind power become forced power oscillation disturbance sources, and virtual inertia control makes wind power have the capacities of both the inertia support for the grid and the disturbance suppression. This paper presents an improved virtual inertia control though analyzing the system damping, the torsional vibration and the disturbance source affected by the proportional differentiation coefficients. The proportional differentiation coefficients are enlarged equivalently and simultaneously through adding the reference value of the wind power output and a two-order band pass filter in compensation value of virtual inertia control. The results of analysis and simulation in the example show that the disturbance suppression capacity of virtual inertia control is enhanced on the premise of not decreasing the system damping and the torsional stability.
引文
[1]DOLAN D S L,LEHN P W.Simulation model of wind turbine 3p torque oscillations due to wind shear and tower shadow[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,21(3):717-724.
[2]谭谨,胡维昊,王晓茹,等.变速风电系统形成强迫功率振荡扰动源分析[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(5):1088-1096.TAN Jin,HU Weihao,WANG Xiaoru,et al.Analysis of disturbance source inducing by the variable speed wind turbine system forced power oscillations[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(5):1088-1096.
[3]孟鹏,邱晓燕,林伟,等.直驱式永磁同步风力发电动态特性的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(14):38-43.MENG Peng,QIU Xiaoyan,LIN Wei,et al.Study of the dynamic characteristics of directly driven permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(14):38-43.
[4]谭谨.大规模风电并网系统的低频振荡研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.TAN Jin.Study of low frequency oscillation in power systems with large-scale integration of wind power[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2014.
[5]唐西盛,孙玉树,齐智平.基于HHT的风电功率波动及其对电力系统低频振荡的影响分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2115-2121.TANG Xisheng,SUN Yushu,QI Zhiping.Analysis of wind power fluctuation characteristics and its impact on power system low frequency oscillation based on HHT[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(8):2115-2121.
[6]刘军,周飞航,刘飞,等.考虑塔影与风切变的永磁同步风电系统最大风能跟踪控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(7):107-114.LIU Jun,ZHOU Feihang,LIU Fei,et al.Research of maximum wind power tracking control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous wind power system based on the tower shadow and wind shear[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(7):107-114.
[7]HU Weihao,ZHANG Yunqian,CHEN Zhe,et al.Flicker mitigation by speed control of permanent magnet synchronous generator variable-speed wind turbines[J].Energies,2013,6:3807-3821.
[8]HU Weihao,CHEN Zhe,WANG Yue,et al.Flicker mitigation by active power control of variable-speed wind turbines with full-scale back-to-back power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2009,24(3):640-649.
[9]窦真兰,施刚,曹云峰,等.减少风力机转矩波动的异步变桨控制[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(1):236-245.DOU Zhenlan,SHI Gang,CAO Yunfeng,et al.Individual pitch control for reducing wind turbine torque fluctuation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(1):236-245.
[10]张祥宇.变速风电机组的虚拟惯性与系统阻尼控制研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2013.ZHANG Xiangyu.Virtual inertia and system damping control for variable speed wind turbines[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2013.
[11]田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.TIAN Xinshou,WANG Weisheng,CHI Yongning,et al.Variable parameter virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26.
[12]王刚,侍乔明,付立军,等.虚拟惯量控制方式下永磁风力发电机组轴系扭振机理分析[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(8):8-16.WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,FU Lijun,et al.Mechanism analysis of torsional vibration for directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator shaft system with virtual inertia control[J].Electric Machines and Control,2014,18(8):8-16.
[13]王刚,侍乔明,崔志勇,等.一种风力机虚拟惯量控制与传统发电机调速控制的协调方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2794-2801.WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,CUI Zhiyong,et al.A coordinated strategy of virtual inertia control of wind turbine and governor control of conventional generator[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2794-2801.
[14]陈宇航,王刚,侍乔明,等.一种新型风电场虚拟惯量协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):27-33.CHEN Yuhang,WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,et al.A new coordinated virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):27-33.
[15]侍乔明,王刚,马伟明,等.直驱永磁风电机组虚拟惯量控制的实验方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):2033-2042.SHI Qiaoming,WANG Gang,MA Weiming,et al.An experimental study method of D-PMSG with virtual inertia control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(8):2033-2042.
[16]蒋文韬,付立军,王刚,等.直驱永磁风电机组虚拟惯量控制对系统小干扰稳定性影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):33-40.JIANG Wentao,FU Lijun,WANG Gang,et al.Impact of direct drive permanent magnet wind turbines virtual inertia control on power system small signal stability analysis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):33-40.
[17]朱晓荣,陈玉伟,张祥宇,等.含风电的区域电网功率振荡特性分析与综合控制[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(1):33-38.ZHU Xiaorong,CHEN Yuwei,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al.Impact of wind turbine on power oscillation characteristic in region network and integrated control strategy[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(1):33-38.
[18]王磊,张琛,李征,等.双馈风电机组的虚拟同步控制及弱网运行特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):85-90.WANG Lei,ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous generator control for DFIG wind turbines and its operation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):85-90.
[19]杨伟,邓程城,徐乐.基于模糊Smith预估的直驱风电机组变桨距控制器研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(1):65-70.YANG Wei,DENG Chengcheng,XU Le.Pitch control of direct drive wind turbine based on the fuzzy Smith predictor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(1):65-70.
[20]AI Qian,FAN Songli,PIAO Longjian.Optimal scheduling strategy for virtual power plants based on credibility theory[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1(1):48-55.DOI:10.1186/s41601-016-0017-x.
[21]肖湘宁,杨琳,张丹,等.基于特征值法的次同步阻尼守恒特性分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):80-84.XIAO Xiangning,YANG Lin,ZHANG Dan,et al.Analysis on subsynchronous damping conservation character based on eigenvalue method[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):80-84.
[22]郝正航,邱国跃,陈卓,等.电力系统阻尼特性分析与研究[J].继电器,2005,33(23):19-24.HAO Zhenghang,QIU Guoyue,CHEN Zhuo,et al.Analysis and research of damping character of power systems[J].Relay,2005,33(23):19-24.
[23]王宏伟.风电机组传动链扭振建模与寿命损耗分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.WANG Hongwei.Modeling and life loss on torsional vibration of wind turbine drive train[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.
[2]谭谨,胡维昊,王晓茹,等.变速风电系统形成强迫功率振荡扰动源分析[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(5):1088-1096.TAN Jin,HU Weihao,WANG Xiaoru,et al.Analysis of disturbance source inducing by the variable speed wind turbine system forced power oscillations[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(5):1088-1096.
[3]孟鹏,邱晓燕,林伟,等.直驱式永磁同步风力发电动态特性的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(14):38-43.MENG Peng,QIU Xiaoyan,LIN Wei,et al.Study of the dynamic characteristics of directly driven permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(14):38-43.
[4]谭谨.大规模风电并网系统的低频振荡研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.TAN Jin.Study of low frequency oscillation in power systems with large-scale integration of wind power[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2014.
[5]唐西盛,孙玉树,齐智平.基于HHT的风电功率波动及其对电力系统低频振荡的影响分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2115-2121.TANG Xisheng,SUN Yushu,QI Zhiping.Analysis of wind power fluctuation characteristics and its impact on power system low frequency oscillation based on HHT[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(8):2115-2121.
[6]刘军,周飞航,刘飞,等.考虑塔影与风切变的永磁同步风电系统最大风能跟踪控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(7):107-114.LIU Jun,ZHOU Feihang,LIU Fei,et al.Research of maximum wind power tracking control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous wind power system based on the tower shadow and wind shear[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(7):107-114.
[7]HU Weihao,ZHANG Yunqian,CHEN Zhe,et al.Flicker mitigation by speed control of permanent magnet synchronous generator variable-speed wind turbines[J].Energies,2013,6:3807-3821.
[8]HU Weihao,CHEN Zhe,WANG Yue,et al.Flicker mitigation by active power control of variable-speed wind turbines with full-scale back-to-back power converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2009,24(3):640-649.
[9]窦真兰,施刚,曹云峰,等.减少风力机转矩波动的异步变桨控制[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(1):236-245.DOU Zhenlan,SHI Gang,CAO Yunfeng,et al.Individual pitch control for reducing wind turbine torque fluctuation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(1):236-245.
[10]张祥宇.变速风电机组的虚拟惯性与系统阻尼控制研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2013.ZHANG Xiangyu.Virtual inertia and system damping control for variable speed wind turbines[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2013.
[11]田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.TIAN Xinshou,WANG Weisheng,CHI Yongning,et al.Variable parameter virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26.
[12]王刚,侍乔明,付立军,等.虚拟惯量控制方式下永磁风力发电机组轴系扭振机理分析[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(8):8-16.WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,FU Lijun,et al.Mechanism analysis of torsional vibration for directly-driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator shaft system with virtual inertia control[J].Electric Machines and Control,2014,18(8):8-16.
[13]王刚,侍乔明,崔志勇,等.一种风力机虚拟惯量控制与传统发电机调速控制的协调方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2794-2801.WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,CUI Zhiyong,et al.A coordinated strategy of virtual inertia control of wind turbine and governor control of conventional generator[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2794-2801.
[14]陈宇航,王刚,侍乔明,等.一种新型风电场虚拟惯量协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):27-33.CHEN Yuhang,WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,et al.A new coordinated virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):27-33.
[15]侍乔明,王刚,马伟明,等.直驱永磁风电机组虚拟惯量控制的实验方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(8):2033-2042.SHI Qiaoming,WANG Gang,MA Weiming,et al.An experimental study method of D-PMSG with virtual inertia control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(8):2033-2042.
[16]蒋文韬,付立军,王刚,等.直驱永磁风电机组虚拟惯量控制对系统小干扰稳定性影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(11):33-40.JIANG Wentao,FU Lijun,WANG Gang,et al.Impact of direct drive permanent magnet wind turbines virtual inertia control on power system small signal stability analysis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(11):33-40.
[17]朱晓荣,陈玉伟,张祥宇,等.含风电的区域电网功率振荡特性分析与综合控制[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(1):33-38.ZHU Xiaorong,CHEN Yuwei,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al.Impact of wind turbine on power oscillation characteristic in region network and integrated control strategy[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(1):33-38.
[18]王磊,张琛,李征,等.双馈风电机组的虚拟同步控制及弱网运行特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):85-90.WANG Lei,ZHANG Chen,LI Zheng,et al.Virtual synchronous generator control for DFIG wind turbines and its operation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):85-90.
[19]杨伟,邓程城,徐乐.基于模糊Smith预估的直驱风电机组变桨距控制器研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(1):65-70.YANG Wei,DENG Chengcheng,XU Le.Pitch control of direct drive wind turbine based on the fuzzy Smith predictor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(1):65-70.
[20]AI Qian,FAN Songli,PIAO Longjian.Optimal scheduling strategy for virtual power plants based on credibility theory[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1(1):48-55.DOI:10.1186/s41601-016-0017-x.
[21]肖湘宁,杨琳,张丹,等.基于特征值法的次同步阻尼守恒特性分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(11):80-84.XIAO Xiangning,YANG Lin,ZHANG Dan,et al.Analysis on subsynchronous damping conservation character based on eigenvalue method[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(11):80-84.
[22]郝正航,邱国跃,陈卓,等.电力系统阻尼特性分析与研究[J].继电器,2005,33(23):19-24.HAO Zhenghang,QIU Guoyue,CHEN Zhuo,et al.Analysis and research of damping character of power systems[J].Relay,2005,33(23):19-24.
[23]王宏伟.风电机组传动链扭振建模与寿命损耗分析[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.WANG Hongwei.Modeling and life loss on torsional vibration of wind turbine drive train[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2015.