人工湿地底泥中特征重金属的空间分布及生态风险评价
|
摘要
采集武河湿地沉积物,采用四酸消解法(HCI-HNO3-HF-HCIO4)对样品进行处理,测定武河湿地沉积物中6种重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn)的含量,分析其空间分布特征,并采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和ERL/ERM评价法评价重金属的环境风险。结果表明,武河湿地表层沉积物中重金属含量大多高于环境背景值,空间分布差异性较小。内梅罗综合污染指数按由大到小依次为Hg、Cd、As,Zn、Cu、Pb,Hg的内梅罗综合污染指数最大为3.74,综合污染程度最为严重。潜在生态风险评价表明,湿地沉积物中潜在生态危害指数(RI)为743.91,属Ⅴ极强生态危害。ERL/ERM评价结果显示,湿地沉积物中Cu、Hg含量高于ERM值,对水生态系统有很强毒性;As、Zn的含量介于ERL和ERM之间,可能会对水域生物产生一定的毒性。
The study collected Wuhe wetland sediments and used four acid digestion methods( HCL-HNO3-HF-HCl O4) to process samples,content of 6 kinds of heavy metals( As,Cd,Hg,Pb,Zn) and spatial characteristics in the sediments were determined and analyzed. The environment risk of heavy metals further was evaluated by the method of the Nemerow Pollution Index method,Potential Ecological Harm Index and the ERL/ERM. The results showed that the heavy metals in surface sediments of Wuhe Wetland content were mostly higher than those of environment background values,and the spatial distribution difference was smaller. Comprehensive Pollution Index from high to low was Cd,Hg,As,Zn,Cu,Pb. The Pollution Index of Hg element was 3. 74,the most serious pollution degree. Potential ecological risk assessment showed that the Potential Ecological Harm Index RI was 734. 91,belonging to the very strong ecological harm Ⅴ. ERL/ERM evalution results showed that the content of Cu and Hg element in wetland sediments was higher than the value of ERM,which has a strong toxicity to the water ecological system. The content of As and Zn element was between the ERL and ERM,which may produce certain toxicity to water organisms.
The study collected Wuhe wetland sediments and used four acid digestion methods( HCL-HNO3-HF-HCl O4) to process samples,content of 6 kinds of heavy metals( As,Cd,Hg,Pb,Zn) and spatial characteristics in the sediments were determined and analyzed. The environment risk of heavy metals further was evaluated by the method of the Nemerow Pollution Index method,Potential Ecological Harm Index and the ERL/ERM. The results showed that the heavy metals in surface sediments of Wuhe Wetland content were mostly higher than those of environment background values,and the spatial distribution difference was smaller. Comprehensive Pollution Index from high to low was Cd,Hg,As,Zn,Cu,Pb. The Pollution Index of Hg element was 3. 74,the most serious pollution degree. Potential ecological risk assessment showed that the Potential Ecological Harm Index RI was 734. 91,belonging to the very strong ecological harm Ⅴ. ERL/ERM evalution results showed that the content of Cu and Hg element in wetland sediments was higher than the value of ERM,which has a strong toxicity to the water ecological system. The content of As and Zn element was between the ERL and ERM,which may produce certain toxicity to water organisms.
引文
[1]叶华香,臧淑英,张丽娟,等.扎龙湿地沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1333-1339.
[2]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.
[3]傅鹏,王飞,马秀平,等.沁河沉积物重金属垂直分布特征与风险评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(2):305-312.
[4]简敏菲,李玲玉,徐鹏飞,等.鄱阳湖-乐安河湿地水土环境中重金属污染的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(5):1759-1765.
[5]刘庆,谢文军,游俊娥,等.湿地沉积物重金属环境化学行为研究进展[J].土壤,2013,45(1):8-16.
[6]祝云龙,姜加虎.湖泊湿地沉积物重金属污染的研究现状与进展[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(22):11902-11905,11928.
[7]徐明露,方凤满,林跃胜.湿地土壤重金属污染特征、来源及风险评价研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):762-768.
[8]王淑军,刘佩楼,徐世鹏,等.临沂市武河湿地的设计及其水质净化效果分析[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(22):61-64.
[9]徐中义,陈敬安,张阳,等.阿哈水库沉积物重金属形态分布及生态风险评价[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,39(3):71-76.
[10]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[11]周志勇,邱继彩.祊河沉积物重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd)的污染评价[J].环境保护科学,2013,39(3):95-98.
[12]徐勇,马绍赛,陈聚法,等.大沽河湿地表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1209-1216.
[13]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Res,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[14]孙敏华,姜翠玲,张鹏,等.太湖流域梁塘河沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J].环境工程,2015,33(8):118-122.
[15]焦永杰,霍宁,董菁,等.大沽排污河河口地区沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生物毒性风险评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2014,27(3):39-42.
[16]王世和.人工湿地污水处理理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:184.
[2]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.
[3]傅鹏,王飞,马秀平,等.沁河沉积物重金属垂直分布特征与风险评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(2):305-312.
[4]简敏菲,李玲玉,徐鹏飞,等.鄱阳湖-乐安河湿地水土环境中重金属污染的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(5):1759-1765.
[5]刘庆,谢文军,游俊娥,等.湿地沉积物重金属环境化学行为研究进展[J].土壤,2013,45(1):8-16.
[6]祝云龙,姜加虎.湖泊湿地沉积物重金属污染的研究现状与进展[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(22):11902-11905,11928.
[7]徐明露,方凤满,林跃胜.湿地土壤重金属污染特征、来源及风险评价研究进展[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):762-768.
[8]王淑军,刘佩楼,徐世鹏,等.临沂市武河湿地的设计及其水质净化效果分析[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(22):61-64.
[9]徐中义,陈敬安,张阳,等.阿哈水库沉积物重金属形态分布及生态风险评价[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,39(3):71-76.
[10]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[11]周志勇,邱继彩.祊河沉积物重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd)的污染评价[J].环境保护科学,2013,39(3):95-98.
[12]徐勇,马绍赛,陈聚法,等.大沽河湿地表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1209-1216.
[13]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Res,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[14]孙敏华,姜翠玲,张鹏,等.太湖流域梁塘河沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J].环境工程,2015,33(8):118-122.
[15]焦永杰,霍宁,董菁,等.大沽排污河河口地区沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生物毒性风险评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2014,27(3):39-42.
[16]王世和.人工湿地污水处理理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:184.