纳污湿地表层沉积物中重金属形态研究
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摘要
采用Tessier法提取了武河湿地表层沉积物中重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cd,对其形态分布特征和相关性进行了分析,并利用潜在生态风险指数法对武河湿地表层沉积物中重金属污染进行了综合性评价分析,结果表明:各元素主要以残渣态形式存在,其平均含量均在80%以上;Hg活性态含量为0.098 mg/kg,低于环境背景值,环境危害轻微;相关分析表明碳酸盐结合态的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的污染源相似,有机结合态的Cu、Zn、Cd污染源相近,残渣态Cu、Zn、Pb污染源相近,残渣态Pb和Cd污染源相似或相近;各重金属元素迁移能力表现为Cd(5.40)>Pb(5.22)>Zn(2.31)>Cu(0.94);各元素的潜在生态风险表现为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb,且Cd、Pb属于生物毒性显著的元素,对于其引起的污染更应该加倍重视。
Heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd in surface sediments of Wuhe Wetland was extracted by Tessier method, and the morphological distribution characteristics and correlation were analyzed. The potential ecological risk index was used for the evaluation and analysis of heavy metals pollution in the surface sediments of the Wetland. The results indicated that each element existed mainly in the form of residue, with average content more than 80 %.The content of active state Hg was 0.098 mg/kg, lower than the background value of environment, which has little effect on the environment.Correlation analysis showed carbonate fraction of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd had similar sources of pollution, and organic fraction of Cu,Zn, Cd had similar sources. Residual Cu, Zn, Pb pollution sources were similar, and residual Pb and Cd pollution sources were similar. The migration of heavy metals was expressed as Cd(5.40)> Pb(5.22)> Zn(2.31)> Cu(0.94). Potential ecological risk of the elements was expressed as Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, and the toxicity of Cd, Pb are significant for the pollution, which should be paid particular attentions.
Heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cd in surface sediments of Wuhe Wetland was extracted by Tessier method, and the morphological distribution characteristics and correlation were analyzed. The potential ecological risk index was used for the evaluation and analysis of heavy metals pollution in the surface sediments of the Wetland. The results indicated that each element existed mainly in the form of residue, with average content more than 80 %.The content of active state Hg was 0.098 mg/kg, lower than the background value of environment, which has little effect on the environment.Correlation analysis showed carbonate fraction of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd had similar sources of pollution, and organic fraction of Cu,Zn, Cd had similar sources. Residual Cu, Zn, Pb pollution sources were similar, and residual Pb and Cd pollution sources were similar. The migration of heavy metals was expressed as Cd(5.40)> Pb(5.22)> Zn(2.31)> Cu(0.94). Potential ecological risk of the elements was expressed as Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, and the toxicity of Cd, Pb are significant for the pollution, which should be paid particular attentions.
引文
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[2]王淑军,刘佩楼,徐世鹏,等.临沂市武河湿地的设计及其水质净化效果分析[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(22):61-64.Wang Shujun,Liu Peilou,Xu Shipeng,et al.Design of Wuhe Wetland of Linyi City and its water treatment analysis[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(22):61-64.(in Chinese)
[3]徐中义,陈敬安,张阳,等.阿哈水库沉积物重金属形态分布及生态风险评价[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2014,39(3):71-76.Xu Zhongyi,Chen Jing'an,Zhang Yang,et al.On speciation distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Aha Reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2014,39(3):71-76.(in Chinese)
[4]奚旦立,孙裕生,刘秀英.环境监测[M].第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004.Xi Danli,Sun Yusheng,Liu Xiuying.Environmental Monitoring[M].3rd edition.Beijing:High Education Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[5]张豪,张松林,张威.重金属形态分析方法及研究进展综述[J].甘肃农业,2011(2):86-87.Zhang Hao,Zhang Songlin,Zhang Wei.Advances in analytical methods and me tals speciation[J].Gansu Agriculture,2011(2):86-87.(in Chinese)
[6]刘恩峰,沈吉,杨丽原,等.南四湖及主要入湖河流表层沉积物重金属形态组成及污染研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1377-1383.Liu Enfeng,Shen Ji,Yang Liyuan,et al.Chemical fractionation and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the sediment of Nansihu Lake and its main inflow rivers[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(6):1377-1383.(in Chinese)
[7]胡文,王海燕,查同刚.北京市凉水河污灌区土壤重金属累积和形态分析[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1491-1497.Hu Wen,Wang Haiyan,Zha Tonggang,et al.Soil heavy metal accumulation and speciation in a sewage-irrigated area along Liangshui River,Beijing[J].Ecology and Environment,2008,17(4):1491-1497.(in Chinese)
[8]王谦,成水平.大型水生植物修复重金属污染水体研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(5):96-102.Wang Qian,Cheng Shuiping.Review on phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted water by macrophytes[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,33(5):96-102.(in Chinese)
[9]宋力,顾敦罡,黄民生,等.温州河网沉积物中重金属分布特征与污染评价[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(9):2540-2545.Song Li,Gu Dungang,Huang Minsheng,et al.Spatial distribution and contamination assessments of heavy metals in sediments of Wenzhou river network[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(9):2540-2545.(in Chinese)
[10]Lena Q M,Gade N R.Chemical fractionation of cadmium,copper,nickel and zinc in contaminated soils[J].Environ Qual,1997,26:259-264.
[11]晋王强,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌市郊农田土壤Cu、Zn、Ni态分布特征与生物有效性评价[J].环境化学,2010,29(2):220-225.Jin Wangqiang,Nan Zhongren,Liu Xiaowen,et al.Soil Cu,Zn,Ni distribution and bioavailability assessment of farmland in Jinchang suburb[J].Environmental Chemistry,2010,29(2):220-225.(in Chinese)
[12]张晓晶,李畅游,张生,等.呼伦湖沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(1):157-162.Zhang Xiaojing,Li Changyou,Zhang Sheng,et al.Distribution features and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in superficial sediments of Hulun Lake[J].Journal of Agroenvironment Science,2010,29(1):157-162.(in Chinese)
[13]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉,等.中国土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,12(4):12-19.Wei Fusheng,Chen Jingsheng,Wu Yanyu,et al.Study on soil environmental background values in China[J].Environmental Science,1991,12(4):12-19.(in Chinese)
[14]王爽,李畅游,史小红,等.乌梁素海沉积物中重金属形态分布特征及污染状况评价[J].环境化学,2012,31(10):1555-1561.Wang Shuang,Li Changyou,Shi Xiaohong,et al.Heavy metal speciation and pollution evaluation in the sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(10):1555-1561.(in Chinese)
[15]徐争启,倪师军.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.Xu Zhengqi,Ni Shijun.Calculation of heavy metals'toxicity coefficient in the evaluation of potential ecological risk index[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,31(2):112-115.(in Chinese)