基于铁路网的中国主要城市中心性的空间格局
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摘要
中国铁路建设进入高速化和网络化发展阶段,从铁路网络视角透视中国城市体系的枢纽—网络结构研究成为热点和前沿。基于此,文章运用复杂网络方法,引入多中心性模型,刻画了中国地级及以上铁路枢纽城市的中心性空间格局:①多中心性指标的宏观空间分布同构,均呈现以"胡焕庸线"为界的东南—西北分异,与经济发展水平和人口规模空间共轭。强度中心性与度中心性空间格局相似,紧密度和介数中心性呈现明显的核心—边缘扩展态势。②综合中心性指标也呈现以"胡焕庸线"为界的分异格局,中心向外围衰减的圈层结构难以打破,且与城市自身的经济发展呈现同配和异配共存。③各中心性指标表现出不同程度的空间集聚,从全局看紧密度中心性空间集聚最强,而度中心性最小;从局部来看,中心性以高高低低空间关联类型居多,空间集聚性较强。
Recently, railway construction has entered a stage of high-speed and networking development in China. From the perspective of railway network, researches related to hub-network structure of China's urban system have become a hot issue and frontier. This paper introduces a multi-centrality model in a complex network approach and depicts the spatial pattern of nodal centralities in China's railway network. Results are shown as follows: Firstly, the spatial distribution of railway network in China is extremely uneven, and most of the railway lines are distributed in the eastern and central regions. Secondly, the inter-urban distribution of mutli-centrality is similar. It is obviously observed that there is a gap between southeast China and northwest China bounded by "Hu Huanyong Line", which is similar to the disparities of economic development and population scale. The distribution pattern of urban centrality strength is almost the same as the centrality degree, and the closeness and betweenness of urban centrality both show significant coreperipheral expansion. Thirdly, the urban general centrality shows the southeast-northwest differentiation pattern with the "Hu Huanyong Line" as the boundary. The circle structure that the center attenuates to the periphery is difficult to break,and it also shows both assortative and disassortative phenomenon with urban economy development. Lastly, the central indicators show different degrees of spatial agglomeration. From the overall perspective, the centrality closeness has the strongest spatial agglomeration, while the centrality degree is the weakest one. In the partial aspect, there are four types of spatial aggregation, and spatial aggregation is strong.
Recently, railway construction has entered a stage of high-speed and networking development in China. From the perspective of railway network, researches related to hub-network structure of China's urban system have become a hot issue and frontier. This paper introduces a multi-centrality model in a complex network approach and depicts the spatial pattern of nodal centralities in China's railway network. Results are shown as follows: Firstly, the spatial distribution of railway network in China is extremely uneven, and most of the railway lines are distributed in the eastern and central regions. Secondly, the inter-urban distribution of mutli-centrality is similar. It is obviously observed that there is a gap between southeast China and northwest China bounded by "Hu Huanyong Line", which is similar to the disparities of economic development and population scale. The distribution pattern of urban centrality strength is almost the same as the centrality degree, and the closeness and betweenness of urban centrality both show significant coreperipheral expansion. Thirdly, the urban general centrality shows the southeast-northwest differentiation pattern with the "Hu Huanyong Line" as the boundary. The circle structure that the center attenuates to the periphery is difficult to break,and it also shows both assortative and disassortative phenomenon with urban economy development. Lastly, the central indicators show different degrees of spatial agglomeration. From the overall perspective, the centrality closeness has the strongest spatial agglomeration, while the centrality degree is the weakest one. In the partial aspect, there are four types of spatial aggregation, and spatial aggregation is strong.
引文
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[22]孟德友,冯兴华,文玉钊.铁路客运视角下东北地区城市网络结构演变及组织模式探讨[J].地理研究,2017,36(7):1 339-1 352.
[23] Martí-Henneberg J. European integration and national models for railway networks(1840-2010)[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2013,26(1):126-138.
[24]王姣娥,金凤君.中国铁路客运网络组织与空间服务系统优化[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):371-380.
[25]吴康,方创琳,赵渺希,等.京津城际高速铁路影响下的跨城流动空间特征[J].地理学报,2013,68(2):159-174.
[26]马学广,李鲁奇.基于铁路客运流的环渤海城市空间联系及其网络结构[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):66-73.
[27]邓良凯,石亚灵,张弘,等.城市群城际铁路站点空间网络研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(8):64-70.
[28] Porta S,Crucitti P,Latora V. The network analysis of urban streets:A primal approach[J].Physical A,2006,369:853-866.
[29] Wang F,Antipova A,Porta S. Street centrality and land use intensity in Baton Rouge,Louisiana[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2011,19(2):0-293.
[30]莫辉辉,金凤君,刘毅,等.机场体系中心性的网络分析方法与实证[J].地理科学,2010,30(2):204-212.
[2]钟业喜,陆玉麒.基于铁路网络的中国城市等级体系与分布格局[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):785-794.
[3]刘承良,余瑞林,熊剑平,等.武汉都市圈经济联系的空间结构[J].地理研究,2007,26(1):199-211.
[4] Matsumoto H,Domae K,O'Connor K. Business connectivity,air transport and the urban hierarchy:A case study in East Asia[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2016,54:132-139.
[5] Baraba?si A-L. The New Science of Networks[J]. Physics Today,2003,6(5):243-270.
[6] Porta S,Latora V,Wang F H,et al. Street centrality and densities of retail and services in Bologna,Italy[J]. Environment and Planning B,2009,36(3):450-465.
[7] Montis A D,Barthelemy M,Chessa A,et al. The structure of interurban traffic:a weighted network analysis[J]. Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2007,34(5):905-924.
[8]陈晨,程林,修春亮.沈阳市中心城区交通网络中心性及其与第三产业经济密度空间分布的关系[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(11):1 612-1 621.
[9] Lee K,Jung W S,Park J S,et al. Statistical Analysis of the Metropolitan Seoul Subway System:Network Structure and Passenger Flows[J]. Physica A Statistical Mechanics&Its Applications,2008,387(24):6 231-6 234.
[10] Liu C,Wang J,Zhang H. Spatial heterogeneity of ports in the global maritime network detected by weighted ego network analysis[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2018,45(1):1-16.
[11] Laxe F G,Seoane M J F,Montes C P. Maritime degree,centrality and vulnerability:port hierarchies and emerging areas in containerized transport(2008-2010)[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2012,24(3):33-44.
[12] Wang J,Mo H,Wang F,et al. Exploring the network structure and nodal centrality of China’s air transport network:A complex network approach[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2011,19(4):712-721.
[13] Lin J. Network analysis of China’s aviation system,statistical and spatial structure[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2012,22:109-117.
[14]焦敬娟,王姣娥,金凤君,等.高速铁路对城市网络结构的影响研究——基于铁路客运班列分析[J].地理学报,2016,71(2):265-280.
[15] Jenelius E,Mattsson L G. Road network vulnerability analysis of area-covering disruptions:A grid-based approach with case study[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2012,46(5):0-760.
[16] Lordan O,Sallan J M,Simo P. Study of the topology and robustness of airline route networks from the complex network approach:a survey and research agenda[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2014,37:112-120.
[17] Burns M C,Cladera J R,BergadàM M. The spatial implications of the functional proximity deriving from air passenger flows between European metropolitan urban regions[J]. GeoJournal,2008,71(1):37-52.
[18] Wang F,Chen C,Xiu C,et al. 2014. Location analysis of retail stores in Changchun,China:A street centrality perspective[J].Cities,41(41):54-63.
[19] Chandra S,Vadali S. Evaluating accessibility impacts of the proposed America 2050 high-speed rail corridor for the Appalachian Region[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2014,37:28-46.
[20]王姣娥,焦敬娟,金凤君.高速铁路对中国城市空间相互作用强度的影响[J].地理学报,2014,69(12):1 833-1 846.
[21]王姣娥,焦敬娟.中国高速铁路网络的发展过程、格局及空间效应评价[J].热带地理,2014,34(3):275-282.
[22]孟德友,冯兴华,文玉钊.铁路客运视角下东北地区城市网络结构演变及组织模式探讨[J].地理研究,2017,36(7):1 339-1 352.
[23] Martí-Henneberg J. European integration and national models for railway networks(1840-2010)[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2013,26(1):126-138.
[24]王姣娥,金凤君.中国铁路客运网络组织与空间服务系统优化[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):371-380.
[25]吴康,方创琳,赵渺希,等.京津城际高速铁路影响下的跨城流动空间特征[J].地理学报,2013,68(2):159-174.
[26]马学广,李鲁奇.基于铁路客运流的环渤海城市空间联系及其网络结构[J].经济地理,2017,37(5):66-73.
[27]邓良凯,石亚灵,张弘,等.城市群城际铁路站点空间网络研究[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(8):64-70.
[28] Porta S,Crucitti P,Latora V. The network analysis of urban streets:A primal approach[J].Physical A,2006,369:853-866.
[29] Wang F,Antipova A,Porta S. Street centrality and land use intensity in Baton Rouge,Louisiana[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2011,19(2):0-293.
[30]莫辉辉,金凤君,刘毅,等.机场体系中心性的网络分析方法与实证[J].地理科学,2010,30(2):204-212.