应用~(41)Ca-AMS技术开展肥城桃钙示踪研究
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摘要
为了探究桃树对钙离子的吸收、转运与分布规律,首次应用放射性核素~(41)Ca示踪结合超灵敏的加速器质谱技术(AMS)研究山东肥城桃树果肉、叶片、多年生枝条等器官从果实膨大期到成熟期钙的输运规律以及成熟期果树各器官~(41)Ca的分布状况。结果表明:通过树干注射硝酸钙(含~(41)Ca)的方法可以有效为桃树补充钙剂,超过60%的钙剂储存在树干,从树干中部到上部~(41)Ca分布逐渐减少;叶片、枝条、果肉等器官对钙离子吸收主要在幼果细胞分裂期,从果实膨大期到成熟期叶片、果肉中钙含量一直不断减少,而多年生枝条中钙含量从果实膨大期到成熟期前期不断减少而后期上升;成熟期桃树各器官~(41)Ca分布结果表明蒸腾拉力大的器官中钙离子含量较高,其中新生器官中的钙离子含量新梢>果皮>果肉。由此可见,使用~(41)Ca-AMS技术能够探究桃树对钙离子的吸收与分布规律,从而对桃树的科学补钙具有指导意义。
The calcium deficiency has caused many problems such as browning,poor storability for Feicheng peach,which is great economic losses for Chinese farmers.It isvery significant to research the transport rule of calcium in fruit trees.In order to study the absorption,translocation and distribution of calcium in peach,a technique of ~(41)Ca isotope tracer combined with AMS was developed and applied in the study.A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of injecting calcium fertilizer on tracer calcium content dynamic,calcium distribution of Feicheng peach to understand the rules of absorbing calcium and provides the theoretical basis in adding calcium nutrient and technical guidance.The experimental material is 11 years old Feicheng peach tree.Ca(NO_3)_2 solution(including ~(41)Ca)was injected on selected Feicheng peach fruit flees at 2015.04.30 at the florescence.Then,about every 30 days,the peach tree's different organs,such as new shoots,leaves,perennial branches,were collected.All the samples were prepared to CaF_2 and measured at HI-13 AMS at CIAE.The main results are follows:(1)More than 60% of ~(41)Ca were stored in the trunk and the ~(41)Ca distribution gradually decreased from bottom to top in trunk.(2)In young fruit stage,the calcium was mainly absorbed by organs such as leaves,branches,flesh mainly concentrated,however,from the fruit swelling period to the mature stage,calcium content in the leaves and flesh was declining,and the calcium content in the perennial branches had the same tendency at the beginning but it grew in the mature stage.(3)In mature stage,from August 4 to September 2 the distribution of ~(41)Ca of each organ showed that the organs' calcium content was higher whose transpiration was greater and the calcium contents of new organs were as follows:new shoot>pericarp>flesh.It is feasible and easy to explore the peach tree for calcium absorption and distribution by using ~(41)Ca-AMS technology.And the rapidly calcium growing period of new shoots and leaves is at the florescence for trunk injection application of calcium.The best calcium absorption time was studied in order to provide a guidance.While there are some shortages in this experiment,such as the datum of root,new leaves for the limitation of targets in ion source were not got.In the future,a new and special facility to measure the ~(41)Ca can be built,so that more detailed study about the running rule of calcium ion in peach trees can be improved.
The calcium deficiency has caused many problems such as browning,poor storability for Feicheng peach,which is great economic losses for Chinese farmers.It isvery significant to research the transport rule of calcium in fruit trees.In order to study the absorption,translocation and distribution of calcium in peach,a technique of ~(41)Ca isotope tracer combined with AMS was developed and applied in the study.A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of injecting calcium fertilizer on tracer calcium content dynamic,calcium distribution of Feicheng peach to understand the rules of absorbing calcium and provides the theoretical basis in adding calcium nutrient and technical guidance.The experimental material is 11 years old Feicheng peach tree.Ca(NO_3)_2 solution(including ~(41)Ca)was injected on selected Feicheng peach fruit flees at 2015.04.30 at the florescence.Then,about every 30 days,the peach tree's different organs,such as new shoots,leaves,perennial branches,were collected.All the samples were prepared to CaF_2 and measured at HI-13 AMS at CIAE.The main results are follows:(1)More than 60% of ~(41)Ca were stored in the trunk and the ~(41)Ca distribution gradually decreased from bottom to top in trunk.(2)In young fruit stage,the calcium was mainly absorbed by organs such as leaves,branches,flesh mainly concentrated,however,from the fruit swelling period to the mature stage,calcium content in the leaves and flesh was declining,and the calcium content in the perennial branches had the same tendency at the beginning but it grew in the mature stage.(3)In mature stage,from August 4 to September 2 the distribution of ~(41)Ca of each organ showed that the organs' calcium content was higher whose transpiration was greater and the calcium contents of new organs were as follows:new shoot>pericarp>flesh.It is feasible and easy to explore the peach tree for calcium absorption and distribution by using ~(41)Ca-AMS technology.And the rapidly calcium growing period of new shoots and leaves is at the florescence for trunk injection application of calcium.The best calcium absorption time was studied in order to provide a guidance.While there are some shortages in this experiment,such as the datum of root,new leaves for the limitation of targets in ion source were not got.In the future,a new and special facility to measure the ~(41)Ca can be built,so that more detailed study about the running rule of calcium ion in peach trees can be improved.
引文
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[10]王雷.喷施钙肥对城桃钙动态及果实品质的影响[D].山东农业大学,2015.
[11]窦亮,何明,董克君,等.加速器质谱测量岩石样品中41 Ca的初步研究[J].原子能科学技术,2013,47(12):2 322-2 326.DOU Liang,HE Ming,DONG Kejun,et al.Preliminary study of 41 Ca-AMS measurement in rocks sample[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2013,47(12):2 322-2 326(in Chinese).
[12]陆丽燕,何明,王伟,等.41 Ca-AMS生物示踪的有力工具[J].生命科学,2010,2(2):197-201.LU Liyan,HE Ming,WANG Wei,et al.41 CaAMS a powerful radionuclide for biological tracing[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2010,2(2):197-201(in Chinese).
[13]张光先,张凤秀,刘道林,等.树干注射含钙化合物提高柑桔叶片和果实钙含量及果实贮藏品质研究[J].中国柑桔,1995,24(2):28-29.ZHANG Guangxian,ZHANG Fengxiu,LIU Daolin,et al.Trunk injection high citrus leaf and calcium compounds the calcium content in fruit and fruit storage quality research[J].China Orange,1995,24(2):28-29(in Chinese).
[14]彭永宏,何首林,秦煊南.应用45 Ca研究椪柑对钙的吸收和运转[J].西南农业大学学报,1991,13(5):493-497.PENG Yonghong,HE Shoulin,QIN Xuannan.A study on the uptake and translocation of calcium in citrus seedling with 45 Ca tracing technique[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1991,13(5):493-497(in Chinese).
[15]林葆,周卫,张文才.桃果实缝合线部位软化发生与防治研究[J].土壤与肥料,1996,(6):19-21.LIN Bao,ZHOU Wei,ZHANG Wencai.The study of peach sutures parts to soften and prevention[J].Soils and Fertilizers,1996,(6):19-21(in Chinese).
[16]温明霞,聂振朋,林媚.果树钙素营养及调控技术研究进展[J].福建果树,2010,2010(2):31-35.WEN Mingxia,NIE Zhenpeng,LIN Mei.The research progress of fruit trees in calcium nutrient and control technology[J].Fujian Fruits,2010,2010(2):31-35(in Chinese).
[17]罗志军,田秀英.果树钙素营养研究进展[J].北方园艺,2006,(1):56-58.LUO Zhijun,TIAN Xiuying.Fruit trees of calcitonin nutrition research progress[J].Northern Horticulture,2006,(1):56-58(in Chinese).
[2]李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,等.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):162-172.LI Yanting,LI Xiuying,XIAO Yan,et al.The researching progress of nutrition mechanism of foliar fertilizer and application[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):162-172(in Chinese).
[3]童风,李翠兰.果树树干补钙技术与效果[J].资源开发与市场,2000,16(3):136-138.TONG Feng,LI Cuilan.The skill and the effect of supply calcium nutrition liquid in fruit trunk[J].Resource Development&Market,2000,16(3):136-138(in Chinese).
[4]庞芳芳.41 Ca-AMS技术应用于癌细胞骨转移早期诊断的方法研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2015.
[5]周卫,汪洪,赵林萍,等.苹果(Malus pumila)幼果钙素吸收特性与激素调控[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(3):52-58.ZHOU Wei,WANG Hong,ZHAO Linping et al.Study on characteristics of calcium uptake by young fruit of apple(Malus pumila)and its regulation by hormone[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1999,32(3):52-58(in Chinese).
[6]萧浪涛,李合松,黄见良,等.应用核素示踪法研究柑桔对钙的吸收与运转[J].湖南农业大学学报,1996,22(3):249-255.XIAO Langtao,LI Hesong,HUANG Jianliang,et al.A study on absorption and translocation of calcium in citrus using 45 Ca tracing technique[J].Journal of Hunan Agrieultural University,1996,22(3):249-255(in Chinese).
[7]HILLEGONDS D J,FITZGERALD R,HEROLD D,et al.High-throughput measurement of 41 Ca by accelerator mass spectrometry to quantitate small changes in individual human bone turnover rates[J].Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation,2004,9(3):99-102.
[8]DENK E,HILLEGONDS D,VOGEL J,et al.Labeling the human skeleton with 41 Ca to assess changes in bone calcium metabolism[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2006,386(6):1 587-1 602.
[9]JIANG S,HE M,DONG K,et al.The measurement of 41 Ca and its application for the cellular Ca2+,concentration fluctuation caused by carcinogenic substances[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,2004,s223-224(223):750-753.
[10]王雷.喷施钙肥对城桃钙动态及果实品质的影响[D].山东农业大学,2015.
[11]窦亮,何明,董克君,等.加速器质谱测量岩石样品中41 Ca的初步研究[J].原子能科学技术,2013,47(12):2 322-2 326.DOU Liang,HE Ming,DONG Kejun,et al.Preliminary study of 41 Ca-AMS measurement in rocks sample[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2013,47(12):2 322-2 326(in Chinese).
[12]陆丽燕,何明,王伟,等.41 Ca-AMS生物示踪的有力工具[J].生命科学,2010,2(2):197-201.LU Liyan,HE Ming,WANG Wei,et al.41 CaAMS a powerful radionuclide for biological tracing[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2010,2(2):197-201(in Chinese).
[13]张光先,张凤秀,刘道林,等.树干注射含钙化合物提高柑桔叶片和果实钙含量及果实贮藏品质研究[J].中国柑桔,1995,24(2):28-29.ZHANG Guangxian,ZHANG Fengxiu,LIU Daolin,et al.Trunk injection high citrus leaf and calcium compounds the calcium content in fruit and fruit storage quality research[J].China Orange,1995,24(2):28-29(in Chinese).
[14]彭永宏,何首林,秦煊南.应用45 Ca研究椪柑对钙的吸收和运转[J].西南农业大学学报,1991,13(5):493-497.PENG Yonghong,HE Shoulin,QIN Xuannan.A study on the uptake and translocation of calcium in citrus seedling with 45 Ca tracing technique[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1991,13(5):493-497(in Chinese).
[15]林葆,周卫,张文才.桃果实缝合线部位软化发生与防治研究[J].土壤与肥料,1996,(6):19-21.LIN Bao,ZHOU Wei,ZHANG Wencai.The study of peach sutures parts to soften and prevention[J].Soils and Fertilizers,1996,(6):19-21(in Chinese).
[16]温明霞,聂振朋,林媚.果树钙素营养及调控技术研究进展[J].福建果树,2010,2010(2):31-35.WEN Mingxia,NIE Zhenpeng,LIN Mei.The research progress of fruit trees in calcium nutrient and control technology[J].Fujian Fruits,2010,2010(2):31-35(in Chinese).
[17]罗志军,田秀英.果树钙素营养研究进展[J].北方园艺,2006,(1):56-58.LUO Zhijun,TIAN Xiuying.Fruit trees of calcitonin nutrition research progress[J].Northern Horticulture,2006,(1):56-58(in Chinese).