平潭岛野生观赏草资源的评价及开发应用
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摘要
观赏草因具有优良的生态性和特有的观赏性,近年来成为重要的园林绿化材料。本研究通过对平潭岛野生观赏草的调查,采用灰色关联度分析法对其进行综合评价。结果表明,1)平潭岛观赏草隶属于5科50属77种。2)生态适应性广,原生境以山坡草地及疏林灌木为主,占总数55.84%;抗性强,耐干旱占总数45.45%、耐水湿占总数31.17%、部分耐盐碱及抗风;观赏价值高,评价得分均≥2。3)参评的77种观赏草中与理想种的关联度≥0.6有66种,均有开发利用潜力;与理想种的关联度≥0.7有19种,均具有较高的观赏性和适应性;与理想种关联度≥0.8有5种,分别是芒(Miscanthus sinensis)、五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)、甜根子草(Saccharum spontaneum)、野百合(Lilium brownii)和间型沿阶草(Ophiopogon intermedius),可考虑直接用于园林绿化。
Ornamental grass,because of itsexcellent ecological and ornamental values,has become an important landscaping material in recent years.In this study,Greycorrelation analysis was used to evaluate the comprehensive value of wild ornamental grass in Pingtan Island.The results were as follows:1)There were 77 species in total,belonging to 49 genera and five families.2)Theseornamental grasseswere widespread in Pingtan Island,especially in hillside grassland and prairie shrubland,where they accounted for 55.84%.The species' resistance was strong;in total resistance indices,desiccation-tolerant species accounted for 45.45%,water-resistant species accounted for 31.17%,while the rest consisted ofsaline tolerance and wind-resistant.Meanwhile,these ornamental grasses possessed a higher ornamental value(evaluation score≥2.3).The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the degree of correlation with theideal species,in 66 of the 77 ornamental grasses,was higher than 0.6,which shows potential for development and utilization.19 species showed a degree of correlation with theideal species higher than 0.7,which had higher ornamental value and adaptability.Moreover,five species showed a degree of correlation with the ideal species higher than 0.8,such as Miscanthus sinensis,Miscanthusfloridulus,Saccharum spontaneum,Lilium brownie and Ophiopogon intermedius,which could be used for landscaping directly.
Ornamental grass,because of itsexcellent ecological and ornamental values,has become an important landscaping material in recent years.In this study,Greycorrelation analysis was used to evaluate the comprehensive value of wild ornamental grass in Pingtan Island.The results were as follows:1)There were 77 species in total,belonging to 49 genera and five families.2)Theseornamental grasseswere widespread in Pingtan Island,especially in hillside grassland and prairie shrubland,where they accounted for 55.84%.The species' resistance was strong;in total resistance indices,desiccation-tolerant species accounted for 45.45%,water-resistant species accounted for 31.17%,while the rest consisted ofsaline tolerance and wind-resistant.Meanwhile,these ornamental grasses possessed a higher ornamental value(evaluation score≥2.3).The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the degree of correlation with theideal species,in 66 of the 77 ornamental grasses,was higher than 0.6,which shows potential for development and utilization.19 species showed a degree of correlation with theideal species higher than 0.7,which had higher ornamental value and adaptability.Moreover,five species showed a degree of correlation with the ideal species higher than 0.8,such as Miscanthus sinensis,Miscanthusfloridulus,Saccharum spontaneum,Lilium brownie and Ophiopogon intermedius,which could be used for landscaping directly.
引文
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[2]樊智丰,彭建松.云南省野生观赏草资源研究.中国野生植物资源,2010,29(1):32-35.Fan Z F,Peng J S.Study of wild ornamental grass resources in Yunnan Province.Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2010,29(1):32-35.(in Chinese)
[3]温小乐,张瑜.基于光谱分析的平潭综合实验区建设初期裸土变化的遥感监测.福州大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(1):52-56.Wen X L,Zhang Y.Remote sensing monitoring of bare soil in initial stage of construction of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone based on spectral analysis.Journal of Fuzhou University:Natural Science Edition,2016,44(1):52-56.(in Chinese)
[4]蒋亚华,谢如伟.观赏草在现代园林中的综合应用.安徽农业科学,2009,37(34):17194-17195.Jiang Y H,Xie R W.Comprehensive application of ornamental grass in modern landscape.Journal of Landscape Research,2009,37(34):17194-17195.(in Chinese)
[5]Davidson C G,Gobin S M.Evaluation of ornamental grasses for the Northern Great Plains.Journal of Environmental Horticulture,1998,16(4):218-229.(in Chinese)
[6]刘英,刘林琳,范文宇,李丽,蒋芳芳,贾志伟,白龙.辽宁省主要野生观赏草资源及评价.草业科学,2016,33(10):1989-2003.Liu Y,Liu L L,Fan W Y,Li L,Jiang F F,Jia Z W,Bai L.Main resources of ornamental grass and its evaluation in Liaoning Province.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):1989-2003.(in Chinese)
[7]刘明东.大庆地区野生观赏草种质资源调查及引种.黑龙江:东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2007.Liu M D.Investigation and introduction of germplasm resource of wide ornamental grass in Daqing area.Master Thesis.Heilongjiang:Northeast Forestry University,2007.(in Chinese)
[8]苏醒.观赏草资源、配植及其在园林中应用前景的调查研究.北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2009.Su X.Investigation and study on resources,design of ornamental grasses and its prospect in landscape——Take North and East China for example.Master Thesis.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2009.(in Chinese)
[9]刘宗华.几种(品种)狼尾草属观赏草的耐荫性研究.泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文,2009.Liu Z H.Study on shade-tolerance of several ornamental grasses of the genus Pennisetum.Master Thesis,Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[10]武菊英,滕文军,王淑琴,王庆海.栽培措施对狼尾草生长发育的影响.林业科学研究,2007,20(1):116-118.Wu J Y,Teng W J,Wang S Q,Wang Q H.The influence of cultivation conditions on the growth and development of Pennisetum alopecuroides.Forestry Science,2007,20(1):116-118.(in Chinese)
[11]赵岩,戚海峰,张志国.山东省主要野生观赏草资源及其评价.中国农学通报,2006,22(11):263-266.Zhao Y,Qi H F,Zhang Z G.Main resources of wild ornamental grasses andits evaluation in Shandong Province.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(11):263-266.(in Chinese)
[12]刘宝贤,申宏伟,徐峰,陈为峰.鲁东南滨海地区观赏草的观赏适应性评价.草业科学,2014,31(12):2221-2229.Liu B X,Shen H W,Xu F,Chen W F.Ornamental-adaptability evaluation of ornamental grasses in southeastern coastal region of Shandong.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(12):2221-2229.(in Chinese)
[13]高鹤,刘建秀.南京地区观赏草的种类、观赏价值及其造景配置.草原与草坪,2005(3):13-16.Gao H,Liu J X.The ornamental grass species and their ornamental value and utilization.Grassland&Turf,2005(3):13-16.(in Chinese)
[14]任全进,白春平,浦振祥,侯尔勤,沈家喜.江苏地区观赏草及其在园林中的应用.中国野生植物资源,2007,26(1):22-24.Ren Q J,Bai C P,Pu Z X,Hou R Q,Shen J X.Application of ornamental grass in garden in Jiangsu area.Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2007,26(1):22-24.(in Chinese)
[15]陈彩云.福州市观赏草资源及其在景观设计中的应用研究.福州:福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2012.Chen C Y.Study of resources of ornamental grasses in Fuzhou and its application in the landscape architecture.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2012.(in Chinese)
[16]张智,夏宜平.杭州城市绿地中的观赏草调查及其配置应用.中国园林,2008,24(12):15-20.Zhang Z,Xia Y P.The investigation and landscape uses of ornamental grasses in Hangzhou urban green space.Chinese Landscape Architecture,2008,24(12):15-20.(in Chinese)
[17]秦涛.观赏草在南昌地区的应用及引种研究.南昌:江西农业大学硕士学位论文,2015.Qin T.The ornamental grasses’application and introduction in Nanchang area.Master Thesis.Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[18]胡静,张延龙.陕西省主要观赏草资源及其评价.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(6):105-112.Hu J,Zhang Y L.Main resources of ornamental grasses and its evaluation in Shaanxi Province.Journal of Northwest A&F University:Natural Sciences Edition,2008,36(6):105-112.(in Chinese)
[19]徐泽荣,张刚,黄建梅,徐泽力,马彩霞.四川主要野生观赏草.四川草原,2005,116(7):45-49.Xu Z R,Zhang G,Huang J M,Xu Z L,Ma C X.The principal wild ornamental grasses in Sichuan Province.Sichuan Caoyuan,2005,116(7):45-49.(in Chinese)
[20]唐岱,万利军,罗敬川,梅运涛.重庆地区观赏禾草种质资源研究.西南农业大学学报,1994,31(4):396-399.Tang D,Wan L J,Luo J C,Mei Y T.An investigation of the ornamental grass germplasm resources in Chongqing.Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,1994,31(4):396-399.(in Chinese)
[21]刘磊,管开云.滇中地区特色观赏禾草资源.园艺学报,2005,32(5):929.Liu L,Guan K Y.Resources of characteristic ornamental grass of central Yunnan.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(5):929.(in Chinese)
[22]叶志勇.福建平潭岛种子植物区系地理及外来植物对其影响.广西植物,2017,37(3):280-293.Ye Z Y.Flora of seed plants in Pingtan Island,Fujian and effects of exotic plants.Guihaia Plant,2017,37(3):280-293.(in Chinese)
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