辽河上游河岸植被过滤带对地下渗流中氮磷截留效果的影响
|
摘要
河岸植被过滤带可以有效地截留阻控农业非点源污染物向水体中迁移。选取辽河上游地区,构建杂草带T1(对照)、草木犀带(Melilotus suaveolens L.)T2和草木犀与枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)混合带(T3林草带)3种类型人工河岸植被过滤带,通过野外试验区2年的实地观测,对寒冷地区不同类型及不同宽度植被过滤带截留地下渗流中氮磷的能力进行了初步的研究。结果表明:各类型河岸植被过滤带对地下渗流中不同形态氮磷中的铵态氮(NH4+-N)截留效果最好,平均截留效率为18.03%~62.20%。13m宽的林草带对NH4+-N截留效率最高可达77.45%。13 m宽的林草带对总磷(TP)和可溶性磷(DP)的最高截留效率分别为62.15%和80.01%。总体上林草带对各形态氮磷截留效果最好,其次是草木犀带。植被过滤带各植物对氮磷的累积能力大小依次是枫杨>草木犀>杂草,对草木犀地上部分进行收割,单次可去除氮的含量范围为15.21~26.78g/m~2,磷的含量范围为0.72~1.27g/m~2。
Riparian vegetated filter strips(RVFS)are an efficient approach to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution transported in runoff before the water flows into watercourses.A field scale study was conducted in the upper reaches of Liaohe river for two years to determine the effect of vegetation types and the width on nitrogen and phosphorus retention in subsurface seepage.The experimental site consisted of three plots adjacent to agricultural edge(weeds-T1,sweet clover(Melilotus suaveolens L.)-T2 and sweet clover(Melilotus suaveolens L.)/China wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)-T3).T2 and T3 were new established filter strips that were compared with weeds(T1).The results showed that all the RVFS did not significantly reduce the concentration of ground water nitrogen and phosphorus except for NH_4~+-N,The average interception efficiency was 18.03%~62.20%.The 13 m T3 had the best retention effect for NH_4~+-N which was 77.45% T3 had the highest retention efficiency of TP and DP for 62.15% and 80.01% at the 13 m width.The overall T3 on the various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus retention effect is best,followed by melilotic belt.The plant vegetation filter on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation capacity was Pterocarya stenoptera>Melilotus>weeds.Taking a harvest for sweet clover,the mount of nitrogen removed by the above-ground part varied in the range of 15.21~26.78 g/m~2,and the phosphorus was in the range of 0.72~1.27 g/m~2.
Riparian vegetated filter strips(RVFS)are an efficient approach to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution transported in runoff before the water flows into watercourses.A field scale study was conducted in the upper reaches of Liaohe river for two years to determine the effect of vegetation types and the width on nitrogen and phosphorus retention in subsurface seepage.The experimental site consisted of three plots adjacent to agricultural edge(weeds-T1,sweet clover(Melilotus suaveolens L.)-T2 and sweet clover(Melilotus suaveolens L.)/China wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)-T3).T2 and T3 were new established filter strips that were compared with weeds(T1).The results showed that all the RVFS did not significantly reduce the concentration of ground water nitrogen and phosphorus except for NH_4~+-N,The average interception efficiency was 18.03%~62.20%.The 13 m T3 had the best retention effect for NH_4~+-N which was 77.45% T3 had the highest retention efficiency of TP and DP for 62.15% and 80.01% at the 13 m width.The overall T3 on the various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus retention effect is best,followed by melilotic belt.The plant vegetation filter on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation capacity was Pterocarya stenoptera>Melilotus>weeds.Taking a harvest for sweet clover,the mount of nitrogen removed by the above-ground part varied in the range of 15.21~26.78 g/m~2,and the phosphorus was in the range of 0.72~1.27 g/m~2.
引文
[1]Volk M,Bosch D,Nangia V,et al.SWAT:Agricultural water and nonpoint source pollution management at a watershed scale[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,175:1-3.
[2]李贵圆,范昊明.冻融作用对农田磷素转化迁移影响研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):114-120.
[3]高海鹰,刘佳,徐进.湖滨带复合型人工湿地氮磷的去除效果[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(4):94-99.
[4]郑培生,金福杰,问青春.辽河流域农业面源污染结构与格局特征分析[J].科技创新导报,2012(29):154-156.
[5]Schoonover J E,Williard K W J,Zaczek J J,et al.Agricultural sediment reduction by giant cane and forest riparian buffers[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2006,169(1):303-315.
[6]Owens P N,Duzant J H,Deeks L K,et al.Evaluation of contrasting buffer features within an agricultural landscape for reducing sediment and sediment associated phosphorus delivery to surface waters[J].Soil Use and Management,2007,23(S1):165-175.
[7]马建,鲁彩艳,史奕,等.辽河流域上游农田水土流失非点源污染生态拦截控制技术与效果[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(3):299-301.
[8]Helmers M J,Zhou X,Asbjornsen H,et al.Sediment removal by prairie filter strips in row-cropped ephemeral watersheds[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(5):1531-1539.
[9]Yang F,Yang Y,Li H,et al.Removal efficiencies of vegetation-specific filter strips on nonpoint source pollutants[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,82:145-158.
[10]Peak S,Gil K.Correlation analysis of factors affecting removal efficiency in vegetative filter strips[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(1):1-8.
[11]钱进,王超,王沛芳,等.坡度对入渗河岸带表土层氮素截留效果的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):489-493.
[12]李晓娜,张国芳,武美军,等.不同植被过滤带对农田径流中泥沙和氮磷的拦截效果与途径[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):39-44.
[13]Pan D,Gao X,Dyck M,et al.Dynamics of runoff and sediment trapping performance of vegetative filter strips:Run-on experiments and modeling[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,593:54-64.
[14]何聪,刘璐嘉,王苏胜,等.不同宽度草皮缓冲带对农田径流氮去除效果研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):55-58.
[15]王敏,吴建强,黄沈发,等.不同坡度缓冲带径流污染净化效果及其最佳宽度[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4951-4956.
[16]Shin J,Gil K.Determination of removal efficiency using vegetative filter strips based on various efficiency evaluation methods[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(10):6437-6444.
[17]汤家喜,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.河岸缓冲带对氮磷的截留转化及其生态恢复研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(8):1514-1520.
[18]张鹏,黄玲玲,魏远,等.河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林对降水再分配及氮、磷养分的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2010,30(3):1-5.
[19]孟鲁伟.河岸植被土壤系统对氮素削纳的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[20]Iqbal J,Parkin T B,Helmers M J,et al.Denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions in annual croplands,perennial grass buffers,and restored perennial grasslands[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2015,79(1):239.
[21]Heinen M,Noij I G,Heesmans H I,et al.A novel method to determine buffer strip effectiveness on deep soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(2):334-347.
[22]高海鹰,黄丽江,张奇,等.不同降雨强度对农田土壤氮素淋失的影响及LEACHM模型验证[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1346-1352.
[23]Handley L L,Raven J A.The use of natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes in plant physiology and ecology[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2006,15(9):965-985.
[24]刘超,毕春娟,陈振楼,等.河岸带土壤对不同pH雨水中截留磷的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3233-3238.
[25]吴建军,李娟,李荣斌,等.施肥措施及灌木缓冲带对雷竹林不同形态磷流失及雷笋产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):53-58.
[26]Jenkins J G,Sims J T.Characterizing the potential of vegetated filter strips to retain dissolved phosphorus using rapid measures of soil P saturation[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2012,67(2):134-145.
[27]Warsaw A L,Fernandez R T,Dan R K,et al.Remediation of metalaxyl,trifluralin,and nitrate from nursery runoff using container-grown woody ornamentals and phytoremediation areas[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,47(5):254-263.
[28]Benoit P,Barriuso E,Vidon P,et al.Isoproturon movement and dissipation in undisturbed soil cores from a grassed buffer strip[J].Agronomie,2001,20(3):297-307.
[29]余红兵,肖润林,杨知建,等.5种水生植物生物量及其对生态沟渠氮、磷吸收效果的研究[J].核农学报,2012,26(5):798-802.
[30]张娟.枫杨、垂柳对水体中氮磷污染的净化效果研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2011.
[31]姜翠玲,范晓秋,章亦兵.非点源污染物在沟渠湿地中的累积和植物吸收净化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1351-1354.
[2]李贵圆,范昊明.冻融作用对农田磷素转化迁移影响研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):114-120.
[3]高海鹰,刘佳,徐进.湖滨带复合型人工湿地氮磷的去除效果[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(4):94-99.
[4]郑培生,金福杰,问青春.辽河流域农业面源污染结构与格局特征分析[J].科技创新导报,2012(29):154-156.
[5]Schoonover J E,Williard K W J,Zaczek J J,et al.Agricultural sediment reduction by giant cane and forest riparian buffers[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2006,169(1):303-315.
[6]Owens P N,Duzant J H,Deeks L K,et al.Evaluation of contrasting buffer features within an agricultural landscape for reducing sediment and sediment associated phosphorus delivery to surface waters[J].Soil Use and Management,2007,23(S1):165-175.
[7]马建,鲁彩艳,史奕,等.辽河流域上游农田水土流失非点源污染生态拦截控制技术与效果[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(3):299-301.
[8]Helmers M J,Zhou X,Asbjornsen H,et al.Sediment removal by prairie filter strips in row-cropped ephemeral watersheds[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(5):1531-1539.
[9]Yang F,Yang Y,Li H,et al.Removal efficiencies of vegetation-specific filter strips on nonpoint source pollutants[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,82:145-158.
[10]Peak S,Gil K.Correlation analysis of factors affecting removal efficiency in vegetative filter strips[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(1):1-8.
[11]钱进,王超,王沛芳,等.坡度对入渗河岸带表土层氮素截留效果的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(5):489-493.
[12]李晓娜,张国芳,武美军,等.不同植被过滤带对农田径流中泥沙和氮磷的拦截效果与途径[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):39-44.
[13]Pan D,Gao X,Dyck M,et al.Dynamics of runoff and sediment trapping performance of vegetative filter strips:Run-on experiments and modeling[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,593:54-64.
[14]何聪,刘璐嘉,王苏胜,等.不同宽度草皮缓冲带对农田径流氮去除效果研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):55-58.
[15]王敏,吴建强,黄沈发,等.不同坡度缓冲带径流污染净化效果及其最佳宽度[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4951-4956.
[16]Shin J,Gil K.Determination of removal efficiency using vegetative filter strips based on various efficiency evaluation methods[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(10):6437-6444.
[17]汤家喜,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.河岸缓冲带对氮磷的截留转化及其生态恢复研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(8):1514-1520.
[18]张鹏,黄玲玲,魏远,等.河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林对降水再分配及氮、磷养分的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2010,30(3):1-5.
[19]孟鲁伟.河岸植被土壤系统对氮素削纳的研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[20]Iqbal J,Parkin T B,Helmers M J,et al.Denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions in annual croplands,perennial grass buffers,and restored perennial grasslands[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2015,79(1):239.
[21]Heinen M,Noij I G,Heesmans H I,et al.A novel method to determine buffer strip effectiveness on deep soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(2):334-347.
[22]高海鹰,黄丽江,张奇,等.不同降雨强度对农田土壤氮素淋失的影响及LEACHM模型验证[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1346-1352.
[23]Handley L L,Raven J A.The use of natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes in plant physiology and ecology[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2006,15(9):965-985.
[24]刘超,毕春娟,陈振楼,等.河岸带土壤对不同pH雨水中截留磷的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3233-3238.
[25]吴建军,李娟,李荣斌,等.施肥措施及灌木缓冲带对雷竹林不同形态磷流失及雷笋产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):53-58.
[26]Jenkins J G,Sims J T.Characterizing the potential of vegetated filter strips to retain dissolved phosphorus using rapid measures of soil P saturation[J].Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,2012,67(2):134-145.
[27]Warsaw A L,Fernandez R T,Dan R K,et al.Remediation of metalaxyl,trifluralin,and nitrate from nursery runoff using container-grown woody ornamentals and phytoremediation areas[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,47(5):254-263.
[28]Benoit P,Barriuso E,Vidon P,et al.Isoproturon movement and dissipation in undisturbed soil cores from a grassed buffer strip[J].Agronomie,2001,20(3):297-307.
[29]余红兵,肖润林,杨知建,等.5种水生植物生物量及其对生态沟渠氮、磷吸收效果的研究[J].核农学报,2012,26(5):798-802.
[30]张娟.枫杨、垂柳对水体中氮磷污染的净化效果研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2011.
[31]姜翠玲,范晓秋,章亦兵.非点源污染物在沟渠湿地中的累积和植物吸收净化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1351-1354.