社区“嵌入式”养老服务模式:优势、困境与出路
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摘要
"嵌入式"养老作为社区养老服务的新模式,不仅克服了居家养老、社区养老和机构养老的局限性,又集三种模式的优势于一身,在居家和社区之间形成有效的服务传送和服务闭环,是我国未来养老服务发展的趋势。但该模式在运行中由于遇到了功能定位不精准、投资回收期长、利润率低、易引发邻避冲突等瓶颈问题而陷入发展困境。只有对嵌入机构功能进行精准定位,有效提高服务能力,充分发挥政府的主导作用,合理构建多元化邻避冲突解决机制,才能使"嵌入式"养老摆脱困局,逐步走向成熟和完善。
As a new pattern,"embedded" pattern of community service for the elderly overcomes the flaws of other patterns including residential-pattern, community-pattern, and institutional-pattern.As a development trend,"embedded" pattern absorbs the advantages of the above three patterns and forms a closed chain between home and community services. However, this new pattern has encountered many problems in its development, such as inaccurate positioning of function, long period of investment recovery, low rate of profit, and easily triggered conflict from neighborhood. In this new pattern, we should clarify its function specifically, improve the efficiency and capability of service, play a full role of government leading, and build a diversified mechanism for resolving conflicts between neighbors.Through these measures, this new pattern might get out of the predicament and develop well.
As a new pattern,"embedded" pattern of community service for the elderly overcomes the flaws of other patterns including residential-pattern, community-pattern, and institutional-pattern.As a development trend,"embedded" pattern absorbs the advantages of the above three patterns and forms a closed chain between home and community services. However, this new pattern has encountered many problems in its development, such as inaccurate positioning of function, long period of investment recovery, low rate of profit, and easily triggered conflict from neighborhood. In this new pattern, we should clarify its function specifically, improve the efficiency and capability of service, play a full role of government leading, and build a diversified mechanism for resolving conflicts between neighbors.Through these measures, this new pattern might get out of the predicament and develop well.
引文
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[14] 徐谷波,蒋长流.邻避困境的反思与解决——基于公平伦理与政策理性的双重考量[J].江西社会科学,2015(2):187-191.
[2] 朱宝生,乔晓春.北京市养老机构入住率的影响因素研究——基于北京市养老服务设施摸底普查数据国家统计局统计[J].调研世界,2018(9):14-18.
[3] 吴玉韶.中国养老机构发展研究[J].老龄科学研究,2015(8):13-24.
[4] 穆光宗.我国机构养老发展的困境与对策[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2012(2):31-38.
[5] 李玉玲.我国居家、社区、机构养老服务融合模式发展研究[J].学术探索,2016(9):61-65.
[6] 石琤.居家养老概念辨析、热点议题与研究趋势[J].社会保障研究,2018(5):56-63.
[7] 臧春蕾.老有所养,从“有保障”到“更完善”(大数据观察·数说40年)[N].人民日报,2018-10-08.
[8] 吴玉韶.中国养老机构发展研究[J].老龄社会科学,2015(8):13-24.
[9] 中国正在步入老龄化社会养老事业缺口仍然巨大[N].21世纪经济报道,2018-08-08.
[10] 张嵩.嵌入式养老照料设施居民冲突研究[EB/OL].[2018-04-21].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTMyMTM3NQ%3D%3D&idx=1&mid=2649780056&sn=01acb9f16606831250e03affd0bc479d.
[11] 陈友华.居家养老及其相关的几个问题[J].人口学刊,2012(4):51-59.
[12] 章萍.嵌入式养老:上海养老服务模式创新研究[J].现代管理科学,2016(6):64-66.
[13] 全国老龄办.关于开展人口老龄化国情教育的通知[EB/OL].[2018-02-27].http://www.cncaprc.gov.cn/contents/763/185929.html.
[14] 徐谷波,蒋长流.邻避困境的反思与解决——基于公平伦理与政策理性的双重考量[J].江西社会科学,2015(2):187-191.