烃源岩生烃抑制模拟实验及机理
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摘要
为探索高压条件下烃源岩生烃抑制机理,利用济阳坳陷页岩样品,以热解实验求取了开放体系生烃动力学参数,并进行了高压条件下和封闭条件下生烃模拟实验。对比高压生烃模拟实验转化率和利用动力学参数计算的开放体系转化率:在高压条件下各个样品的生烃转化均受到一定程度的抑制,但生烃抑制程度不同,有机质原始生烃能力越强(原始热解S_2越高),其抑制作用越明显;生烃转化率的抑制程度与烃源岩内滞留烃量正相关,滞留烃含量越高、生烃抑制越明显。封闭条件模拟实验表明:在同样的封闭条件下,生烃转化率与有机质原始生烃能力负相关,原始生烃能力越高、转化率越低;烃源岩生烃过程中存在着化学平衡,而生成烃类的大量滞留会导致有机质生烃的逆反应速率增加,减缓整体反应速度;烃源岩生烃抑制可能是生成的烃类流体排出不畅、生烃逆反应速率增加等原因所导致,而高压只是封闭性的客观反应,烃源岩非生烃成因导致的异常高压与生烃抑制可能不存在必然联系。
To explore the hydrocarbon-generation retardation mechanism for source rocks in high-pressure environments,the hydrocarbon-generation kinetic parameters in an open system were obtained by pyrolysis experiments using the shale samples of Jiyang depression.Meanwhile,the simulation experiments of hydrocarbon generation are carried out under high pressure conditions and confined conditions respectively.A contrast is made between the conversion rate of hydrocarbon generation under high-pressure conditions obtained by the simulation experiment and that in an open system calculated by kinetic parameters.The results show that under high pressure conditions,the hydrocarbon-generation conversion of each sample is retarded to some extent,but their retardation extents are different.The stronger the initial hydrocarbon-generation capacity of organic matter is(the higher the initial pyrolysis S_2 is),the more obvious the retardation effect will be.Moreover,the retardation extent of hydrocarbon-generation conversion is positively correlated to the residual hydrocarbon amount in source rocks.The higher the residual hydrocarbon content is,the more significant the hydrocarbon-generation retardation effect will be.The simulation experiments under confined conditions indicate that under the same confined conditions,the hydrocarbon-generation conversion rate is negatively correlated to the initial hydrocarbon-generation capacity of organic matter.The strong the initial hydrocarbon-generation capacity is,the lower the conversion rate will be.In addition,chemical equilibrium exists in the hydrocarbon generation process of source rocks,while massive retardation of the generated hydrocarbon will lead to an increase in the reverse reaction rate of hydrocarbon generation for organic matter and the reduction of overall reaction rate.The hydrocarbon-generation retardation of source rocks may be caused by unsmooth discharge of the generated hydrocarbon fluids,an increase in the reverse reaction rate of hydrocarbon generation and other reasons.However,high pressure is only an objective response for confined conditions,and there may be no necessary relation between the abnormal high pressure induced by non-hydrocarbon-generation genesis of source rocks and the hydrocarbon-generation retardation.
To explore the hydrocarbon-generation retardation mechanism for source rocks in high-pressure environments,the hydrocarbon-generation kinetic parameters in an open system were obtained by pyrolysis experiments using the shale samples of Jiyang depression.Meanwhile,the simulation experiments of hydrocarbon generation are carried out under high pressure conditions and confined conditions respectively.A contrast is made between the conversion rate of hydrocarbon generation under high-pressure conditions obtained by the simulation experiment and that in an open system calculated by kinetic parameters.The results show that under high pressure conditions,the hydrocarbon-generation conversion of each sample is retarded to some extent,but their retardation extents are different.The stronger the initial hydrocarbon-generation capacity of organic matter is(the higher the initial pyrolysis S_2 is),the more obvious the retardation effect will be.Moreover,the retardation extent of hydrocarbon-generation conversion is positively correlated to the residual hydrocarbon amount in source rocks.The higher the residual hydrocarbon content is,the more significant the hydrocarbon-generation retardation effect will be.The simulation experiments under confined conditions indicate that under the same confined conditions,the hydrocarbon-generation conversion rate is negatively correlated to the initial hydrocarbon-generation capacity of organic matter.The strong the initial hydrocarbon-generation capacity is,the lower the conversion rate will be.In addition,chemical equilibrium exists in the hydrocarbon generation process of source rocks,while massive retardation of the generated hydrocarbon will lead to an increase in the reverse reaction rate of hydrocarbon generation for organic matter and the reduction of overall reaction rate.The hydrocarbon-generation retardation of source rocks may be caused by unsmooth discharge of the generated hydrocarbon fluids,an increase in the reverse reaction rate of hydrocarbon generation and other reasons.However,high pressure is only an objective response for confined conditions,and there may be no necessary relation between the abnormal high pressure induced by non-hydrocarbon-generation genesis of source rocks and the hydrocarbon-generation retardation.
引文
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[2]HUANG W L.Experimental study of vitrinite maturation:effects of temperature,time,pressure,water,and hydrogen index[J].Organic Geochemistry,1996,24(2):233-241.
[3]BRAUN R L,BURNHAM A K.Mathematical model of oil generation,degradation,and expulsion[J].Energy Fuels,1990,4(2):132-146.
[4]MCTAVISH R A.Pressure retardation of vitrinite diagenesis,offshore north-west Europe[J].Nature,1978,271(5646):648-650.
[5]MCTAVISH R A.The role of overpressure in the retardation of organic matter maturation[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21(2):153-186.
[6]HAO Fang,SUN Yongchuan,LI Sitian,et al.Overpressure retardation of organic-matter maturation and petroleum generation;a case study from the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1995,79(4):551-562.
[7]DALLA TORRE M,MAHLMANN R F,ERNST W G.Experimental study on the pressure dependence of vitrinite maturation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997,61(14):2921-2928.
[8]HAO Fang,LI Sitian,DONG Weiliang,et al.Abnormal organic-matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea:implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21(4):427-444.
[9]CARR A D.A vitrinite reflectance kinetic model incorporating overpressure retardation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16(4):355-377.
[10]张立新,李军,刘淑芝,等.试析歧北凹陷异常压力在深层油气藏成藏过程中的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(5):19-21.ZHANG Lixin,LI Jun,LIU Shuzhi,et al.The control of abnormal pressure on deep oil/gas pool formation in Qibei sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(5):19-21.
[11]ZOU Yanrong,PENG Ping’an.Overpressure retardation of organic-matter maturation:a kinetic model and its application[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(6):707-713.
[12]倪建华,张坤,廖成君.莺琼盆地高温超压成烃作用及成藏贡献[J].新疆石油学院学报,2001,13(3):19-24.NI Jianhua,ZHANG Kun,LIAO Chengjun.Effect of high thermal overpressure on hydrocarbon generation and forming of reservoir in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basin[J].Journal of Xinjiang Petroleum Institute,2001,13(3):19-24.
[13]王兆云,赵文智,何海清.超压与烃类生成相互作用关系及对油气运聚成藏的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):12-15.WANG Zhaoyun,ZHAO Wenzhi,HE Haiqing.Study on the interaction of overpressure and hydrocarbon generation and the influence of overpressure upon hydrocarbon accumulations[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(4):12-15.
[14]QUICK J C,TABET D E.Suppressed vitrinite reflectance in the Ferron coalbed gas fairway,central Utah:possible influence of overpressure[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2003,56(1/2):49-67.
[15]郝芳,姜建群,邹华耀,等.超压对有机质热演化的差异抑制作用及层次[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(5):443-451.HAO Fang,JIANG Jianqun,ZOU Huayao,et al.Differential retardation of organic matter maturation by overpressure[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2004,47(9):783-793.
[16]郝芳,邹华耀,方勇,等.超压环境有机质热演化和生烃作用机理[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):9-18.HAO Fang,ZOU Huayao,FANG Yong,et al.Kinetics of organic matter maturation and hydrocarbon generation in overpressure environment[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):9-18.
[17]FEYZULLAYEV A A.The role of pressure in thermocatalytic processes in the sedimentary complex of the South Caspian basin[J].Russian Geology and Geophysics,2013,54(2):200-205.
[18]PRICE L C,WENGER L M.The influence of pressure on petroleum generation and maturation as suggested by aqueous pyrolysis[J].Organic Geochemistry,1992,19(1/3):141-159.
[19]姜峰,杜建国,王万春,等.高温超高压模拟实验研究Ⅰ.温压条件对有机质成熟作用的影响[J].沉积学报,1998,16(3):153-155.JIANG Feng,DU Jianguo,WANG Wanchun,et al.The study on high-pressure-high-temperature aqueous pyrolysis:Ⅰ.Influence of temperature and pressure on maturation of organic matter[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(3):153-155.
[20]WANG Chuanyuan,DU Jianguo,DUAN Yi,et al,et al.Evolutive characteristics of aromatics under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,50(10):1488-1493.
[21]张守春,张林晔,查明,等.压力抑制条件下生烃定量模拟实验研究—以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):522-526.ZHANG Shouchun,ZHANG Linye,ZHA Ming,et al.An experimental simulation on the hydrocarbon quantity generated under pressure suppression—a case study from the Jiyang Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(5):522-526.
[22]MENG Yuanlin,LI Bin,WANG Zhiguo,et al.Overpressure retardation of organic acid generation and clastic reservoirs dissolution in central Huanghua Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(1):40-43.
[23]UGUNA C N,CARR A D,SNAPE C E,et al.A laboratory pyrolysis study to investigate the effect of water pressure on hydrocarbon generation and maturation of coals in geological basins[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,52:103-113.
[24]JIN Xiaodong,LI Erting,PAN Changchun,et al.Interaction of coal and oil in confined pyrolysis experiments:insight from the yield and composition of gas hydrocarbons[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,48:379-391.
[25]MI Jingkui,ZHANG Shuichang,HE Kun.Experimental investigations about the effect of pressure on gas generation from coal[J].Organic Geochemistry,2014,74:116-122.
[26]UGUNA C N,CARR A D,SNAPE C E,et al.High pressure water pyrolysis of coal to evaluate the role of pressure on hydrocarbon generation and source rock maturation at high maturities under geological conditions[J].Organic Geochemistry,2015,78:44-51.
[27]UGUNA C N,CARR A D,SNAPE C E,et al.Impact of high water pressure on oil generation and maturation in Kimmeridge Clay and Monterey source rocks:implications for petroleum retention and gas generation in shale gas systems[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,73:72-85.
[28]WU Yuandong,JI Liming,HE Cong,et al.The effects of pressure and hydrocarbon expulsion on hydrocarbon generation during hydrous pyrolysis of type-I kerogen in source rock[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2016,34:1215-1224.
[29]吉利明,吴远东,贺聪,等.富有机质泥页岩高压生烃模拟与孔隙演化特征[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):172-181.JI Liming,WU Yuandong,HE Cong,et al.High-pressure hydrocarbon-generation simulation and pore evolution characteristics of organic-rich mudstone and shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):172-181.
[30]王自翔,王永莉,吴保祥,等.川西北低成熟沥青产气特征及生烃动力学应用[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):339-347.WANG Zixiang,WANG Yongli,WU Baoxiang,et al.Characteristics of gas generation and the application of hydrocarbon generation kinetics from low-maturity asphalt in Northwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):339-347.
[31]张顺,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷页岩油储集空间成因及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1495-1507.ZHANG Shun,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Genesis and control factors of shale oil reserving space in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1495-1507.
[32]王兆明,罗晓容,陈瑞银,等.有机质热演化过程中地层压力的作用与影响[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(1):39-46.WANG Zhaoming,LUO Xiaorong,CHEN Ruiyin,et al.Effects and influences of pore pressures on organic matter’s maturation[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(1):39-46.
[33]TISSOT B P,PELET R,UNGERER P H.Thermal history of sedimentary basins,maturation indices,and kinetics of oil and gas generation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(12):1445-1466.
[34]廖静娟,薛爱民.合肥盆地生油岩动力学参数的确定[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(3):303-307.LIAO Jingjuan,XUE Aimin.On the determination of the kinetic parameters of sourece rocks in the Hefei Basin[J].Experiment Petroleum Geology,1994,16(3):303-307.
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