南海北部坡折带的识别及油气地质意义
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摘要
当坡折带被引入层序地层学理论以后,并作为层序地层学理论核心的内容之一,其概念的内涵和外延都发生了明显的变化,应该说此时坡折带已经不仅仅是一个单纯的地貌学概念,而在其中赋予了更多的沉积学含义,从单一的地貌起伏面转化为沉积地质体。坡折带的存在制约影响着层序界面的识别、地层叠加样式和层序内体系域构成分析及层序地层模式的建立,同时对地层岩性油气藏勘探开发具有重要作用。笔者从地质及地球物理方法出发,对珠江口盆地所存在的沉积坡折及地貌坡折进行了识别,认为沉积坡折发育于惠州凹陷南侧,而地貌坡折主要存在于白云凹陷北坡,但坡折带不是固定不变的,随着盆地的演化,其分布位置不断变动。最后总结了坡折带识别在珠江口盆地岩性油气藏勘探开发重点现实意义,并形成了坡折带识别方法体系及研究工作流程,对于相关盆地坡折带识别具有一定的指导意义。
The intension and extension of the concept of slope break belts have changed obviously after its introduction as a key concept into sequence stratigraphy.Nowadays,the slope break belt is not only a term for a kind of geomorphological feature,but also a concept with more sedimentological meanings,that is from a topographic relief to a sedimentary body.The recognition and identification of a slope break belt affect the identification of sequence boundaries,the analysis of strata stacking pattern,the architectural analysis of systems tract,and the establishment of sequence stratigraphic model,and thus play an important role in the exploration and development of stratigraphic/lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.The authors have recently identified the depositional slope break belt and physiographical slope break belt in the Pearl River Mouth Basin using integrated geological and geophysical methods.The depositional slope break belt is developed in the south of Huizhou sag,and the physiographical slope break belt mainly developed on the north slope of Baiyun Sag.The type and place of slope break belt is variable with the evolution of the basin.Finally,the practical significance of the identification of slope break zone is concluded in the exploration and development of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Meanwhile,the identification method and the work flow of the slope break belt are proposed,which has a certain guiding significance to the identification of slope break belt in related basins.
The intension and extension of the concept of slope break belts have changed obviously after its introduction as a key concept into sequence stratigraphy.Nowadays,the slope break belt is not only a term for a kind of geomorphological feature,but also a concept with more sedimentological meanings,that is from a topographic relief to a sedimentary body.The recognition and identification of a slope break belt affect the identification of sequence boundaries,the analysis of strata stacking pattern,the architectural analysis of systems tract,and the establishment of sequence stratigraphic model,and thus play an important role in the exploration and development of stratigraphic/lithologic oil and gas reservoirs.The authors have recently identified the depositional slope break belt and physiographical slope break belt in the Pearl River Mouth Basin using integrated geological and geophysical methods.The depositional slope break belt is developed in the south of Huizhou sag,and the physiographical slope break belt mainly developed on the north slope of Baiyun Sag.The type and place of slope break belt is variable with the evolution of the basin.Finally,the practical significance of the identification of slope break zone is concluded in the exploration and development of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Meanwhile,the identification method and the work flow of the slope break belt are proposed,which has a certain guiding significance to the identification of slope break belt in related basins.
引文
[1]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.构造坡折带断陷湖盆层序和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-267.
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[3]窦伟坦,刘新社,罗静兰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统坡折带、斜坡类型与油藏的关系[J].沉积学报,2010,28(6):1129-1134.
[4]向雪梅,王华,王家豪,等.歧北凹陷古近系构造坡折带对圈闭的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(3):314-320.
[5]王显东,贾承造,蒙启安,等.塔南断陷陡坡带南屯组岩性油气藏形成与分布的主控因素[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):564-572.
[6]李树同,王多云,王彬,等.坳陷型湖盆缓坡边缘沉积坡折带的识别[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):83-88.
[7]周路,袁兵,宋永,等.坡折带地震定量识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):940-948.
[8]冉怀江,林畅松,代一丁,等.陆架坡折带识别及其对沉积层序的控制作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):125-128.
[9]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-30.
[10]薛成,张尚锋,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起PY24断层断裂特征及其对沉积作用的影响[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(6):10-15.
[11]Schmidt J,Evans I S,Brinkmann J.Comparison of polynomial models for land surface curvature calculation[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2003,17(8):797-814.
[12]胡受权,陈国能,王英民,等.Fischer图解及其沉积响应的计算机模拟——以泌阳断陷下第三系核三上段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):70-75.
[13]李云,郑荣才,朱国金,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统珠江组深水灰岩沉积—成岩作用特征[J].地学前缘,2014,21(2):301-311.
[14]Benton M J,Harper D A T.Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record[M].UK:John Wiley&Sons Chichester,2009:509-532.
[15]Nichols G.Sedimentology and Stratigraphy[M].UK:John Wiley&Sons Chichester,2009:163-178.
[16]王昌勇,郑荣才,高博禹,等.珠江口盆地荔湾井区珠江组深水扇沉积特征[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1628-1637.
[17]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统—中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-151.
[18]马庆林,赵淑娥,廖远涛,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近系流沙港组层序地层样式及其研究意义[J].地球科学,2012,37(4):667-678.
[19]李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,等.珠江口盆地新近系层序发育影响因素分析[J].成都理工大学学报,2012,39(3):262-268.
[20]Huang C Y,Wang H,Wu Y P.Genetic types and sequence stratigraphy models of Palaeogene slope break belts in Qikou Sag,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,Eastern China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,261/262:65-75.
[21]龙更生,施和生,王英民,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷新近系坡折带成因类型及对地层沉积的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):215-222.
[22]徐强,王英民,王丹,等.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世断阶陆架坡折沉积过程响应[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):906-916.
[23]吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化[J].地球科学,2010,35(4):681-690.
[24]谢钦春,叶银灿,陆炳文.东海陆架坡折地形和沉积作用过程[J].海洋学报,1984,6(1):61-71.
[25]祝彦贺.珠江口盆地早中新世陆架—陆坡沉积系统构成及储集体分布[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(6):1-8.
[26]陈国俊,吕成福,王琪,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层孔隙特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):566-572.
[27]肖焕钦,王宝言,陈宝宁,等.济阳坳陷陡坡带断裂控砂模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):20-22.
[28]杜家元,施和生,丁琳,等.珠江口盆地(东部)地层岩性油气藏勘探有利区域分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):30-36.
[29]张忠涛,秦成岗,高鹏,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡陆架坡折带地质特征及其油气勘探潜力[J].地质勘探,2011,31(5):39-44.
[30]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-7.
[31]陈维涛,施和生,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地陆架坡折区地层岩性圈闭形成条件及发育模式[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(5):619-627.
[32]谢利华,林畅松,周彤,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起油气成藏条件分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):30-34.
[33]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.
[34]于浩业,赵卫军,欧亚平,等.鲍金根地堑断裂坡折带油气藏特征及有利勘探区[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):494-498.
[35]吴昊.辽河西部凹陷沙三段坡折带发育特征[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(3):70-74.
[2]Stow D A,Mayall M.Deep-water sedimentary systems:Now models for the 21st century[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):125-135.
[3]窦伟坦,刘新社,罗静兰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统坡折带、斜坡类型与油藏的关系[J].沉积学报,2010,28(6):1129-1134.
[4]向雪梅,王华,王家豪,等.歧北凹陷古近系构造坡折带对圈闭的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(3):314-320.
[5]王显东,贾承造,蒙启安,等.塔南断陷陡坡带南屯组岩性油气藏形成与分布的主控因素[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):564-572.
[6]李树同,王多云,王彬,等.坳陷型湖盆缓坡边缘沉积坡折带的识别[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):83-88.
[7]周路,袁兵,宋永,等.坡折带地震定量识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(6):940-948.
[8]冉怀江,林畅松,代一丁,等.陆架坡折带识别及其对沉积层序的控制作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):125-128.
[9]陈长民,施和生,许仕策,等.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:1-30.
[10]薛成,张尚锋,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起PY24断层断裂特征及其对沉积作用的影响[J].海洋地质前沿,2012,28(6):10-15.
[11]Schmidt J,Evans I S,Brinkmann J.Comparison of polynomial models for land surface curvature calculation[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2003,17(8):797-814.
[12]胡受权,陈国能,王英民,等.Fischer图解及其沉积响应的计算机模拟——以泌阳断陷下第三系核三上段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):70-75.
[13]李云,郑荣才,朱国金,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统珠江组深水灰岩沉积—成岩作用特征[J].地学前缘,2014,21(2):301-311.
[14]Benton M J,Harper D A T.Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record[M].UK:John Wiley&Sons Chichester,2009:509-532.
[15]Nichols G.Sedimentology and Stratigraphy[M].UK:John Wiley&Sons Chichester,2009:163-178.
[16]王昌勇,郑荣才,高博禹,等.珠江口盆地荔湾井区珠江组深水扇沉积特征[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1628-1637.
[17]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统—中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-151.
[18]马庆林,赵淑娥,廖远涛,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近系流沙港组层序地层样式及其研究意义[J].地球科学,2012,37(4):667-678.
[19]李向阳,张昌民,张尚锋,等.珠江口盆地新近系层序发育影响因素分析[J].成都理工大学学报,2012,39(3):262-268.
[20]Huang C Y,Wang H,Wu Y P.Genetic types and sequence stratigraphy models of Palaeogene slope break belts in Qikou Sag,Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,Eastern China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,261/262:65-75.
[21]龙更生,施和生,王英民,等.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷新近系坡折带成因类型及对地层沉积的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):215-222.
[22]徐强,王英民,王丹,等.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世断阶陆架坡折沉积过程响应[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):906-916.
[23]吴景富,徐强,祝彦贺.南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世—中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化[J].地球科学,2010,35(4):681-690.
[24]谢钦春,叶银灿,陆炳文.东海陆架坡折地形和沉积作用过程[J].海洋学报,1984,6(1):61-71.
[25]祝彦贺.珠江口盆地早中新世陆架—陆坡沉积系统构成及储集体分布[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(6):1-8.
[26]陈国俊,吕成福,王琪,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层孔隙特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):566-572.
[27]肖焕钦,王宝言,陈宝宁,等.济阳坳陷陡坡带断裂控砂模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):20-22.
[28]杜家元,施和生,丁琳,等.珠江口盆地(东部)地层岩性油气藏勘探有利区域分析[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):30-36.
[29]张忠涛,秦成岗,高鹏,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡陆架坡折带地质特征及其油气勘探潜力[J].地质勘探,2011,31(5):39-44.
[30]张善文,王英民,李群.应用坡折带理论寻找隐蔽油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):5-7.
[31]陈维涛,施和生,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地陆架坡折区地层岩性圈闭形成条件及发育模式[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(5):619-627.
[32]谢利华,林畅松,周彤,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起油气成藏条件分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(1):30-34.
[33]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.
[34]于浩业,赵卫军,欧亚平,等.鲍金根地堑断裂坡折带油气藏特征及有利勘探区[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):494-498.
[35]吴昊.辽河西部凹陷沙三段坡折带发育特征[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(3):70-74.