家庭社会经济地位与养育者育儿压力城乡差异比较
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摘要
目的了解学龄前儿童养育者的育儿压力水平及城乡差异,并分析家庭社会经济地位对育儿压力的影响。方法采用方便整群抽样的方法,抽取安徽省农村地区幼儿园5所,上海市、杭州市幼儿园2所,对在园的1 597名儿童及其养育者进行问卷调查。问卷构成包括简式育儿压力量表、自制基本情况调查表和家庭社会经济地位调查表等。结果家庭收入、父母受教育程度与育儿压力密切相关。此外,儿童性别和育儿支持也会影响育儿压力。农村地区儿童养育者的育儿压力均高于城市地区。结论家庭社会经济地位对育儿压力有显著影响,农村的儿童养育者的育儿压力显著高于城市。
Objective This study aims to explore the urban and rural differences in the parenting stress of preschoolers,and clarify the associations between family socioeconomic status and parenting pressure. Methods Five kindergartens in rural areas of anhui province and two kindergartens in Shanghai and hangzhou were selected by convenient cluster sampling. A total of 1,597 children and their caregivers in the nursery were surveyed. The questionnaire consists of simple parenting stress scale self-made basic information questionnaire and family socioeconomic status questionnaire. The short version of Parenting Stress Scale was used in this study. Results The family income and parental education level significantly associated with parenting stress. In addition,children's gender and parental support were relevant to parenting stress. The caregivers in rural areas had higher parental pressure than their counterparts urban areas. Conclusion The family socioeconomic status was significantly associated with parenting stress. The caregivers in rural areas have higher parental pressure than those caregivers in urban areas.
Objective This study aims to explore the urban and rural differences in the parenting stress of preschoolers,and clarify the associations between family socioeconomic status and parenting pressure. Methods Five kindergartens in rural areas of anhui province and two kindergartens in Shanghai and hangzhou were selected by convenient cluster sampling. A total of 1,597 children and their caregivers in the nursery were surveyed. The questionnaire consists of simple parenting stress scale self-made basic information questionnaire and family socioeconomic status questionnaire. The short version of Parenting Stress Scale was used in this study. Results The family income and parental education level significantly associated with parenting stress. In addition,children's gender and parental support were relevant to parenting stress. The caregivers in rural areas had higher parental pressure than their counterparts urban areas. Conclusion The family socioeconomic status was significantly associated with parenting stress. The caregivers in rural areas have higher parental pressure than those caregivers in urban areas.
引文
[1]许少琼.家庭养育环境因素对学龄前儿童气质及行为问题的影响研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(5):457-459.
[2]高原.父母教养压力、亲子沟通质量与儿童问题行为的关系[D].济南:山东师范大学,2016.
[3]徐怀冰.母亲育儿压力、教养态度与儿童问题行为的关系[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014.
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[5]吴诗佳.城市与农村幼儿父母亲职压力的比较研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2017.
[6]Conger RD,Donnellan MB.An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development[J].Annu,2007,58(1):175-199.
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[8]刘亚鹏,张光珍,梁宗保,等.父亲养育压力的稳定性及对儿童学步期问题行为的预测[J].心理发展与教育,2011,27(6):599-606.
[9]洪琴,池霞,杨蕾,等.南京市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力现状及影响因素分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(11):1582-1586.
[10]戴家振,洪琴,张敏,等.南京市城区学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力影响因素分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,(10):1035-1038.
[11]Yaman A,Mesman J,van ljzendoorn MH,et al.Parenting in an individualistic culture with a collectivistic cultural background:the case of turkish immigrant families with toddlers in the netherlands[J].J Child Fam Stud,2010,19(5):617-628.
[12]Emmen RA,Malda M,Mesman J,et al.Socioeconomic status and parenting in ethnic minority families:Testing a minority family stress model[J].J Fam Psychol,2013,27(6):896-904.
[13]Duncan GJ,Brooksgunn J.Family poverty,welfare reform,and child development[J].Child Dev,2000,71(1):188-196.
[14]耿岚,柯晓燕,薛晴,等.婴儿母亲育儿压力及相关影响因素分析[J].中国医学文摘(儿科学),2008,27(6):457-459.
[15]刘汶蓉.青年白领的育儿压力与教养期望[J].当代青年研究,2015,33(3):40-46.
[16]Parkes A,Sweeting H,Wight D.Parenting stress and parent support among mothers with high and low education[J].J Fam Psychol,2015,29(6):907-918.
[17]向小平,袁敏.社会支持与婚姻满意度对幼儿母亲育儿压力的影响[J].中国妇幼保健,2017,32(18):4504-4507.
[18]李燕芳,刘丽君,刘丽莎.父、母学历与教养行为对学前儿童发展的影响[J].中国特殊教育,2015,22(4):76-83.
[2]高原.父母教养压力、亲子沟通质量与儿童问题行为的关系[D].济南:山东师范大学,2016.
[3]徐怀冰.母亲育儿压力、教养态度与儿童问题行为的关系[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014.
[4]耿岚.南京婴儿父母育儿压力、育儿参与调查及其相关性研究[D].南京:南京医科大学,2009.
[5]吴诗佳.城市与农村幼儿父母亲职压力的比较研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2017.
[6]Conger RD,Donnellan MB.An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development[J].Annu,2007,58(1):175-199.
[7]Liu L,Wang M.Parenting stress and harsh discipline in China:the moderating roles of marital satisfaction and parent gender[J].Child Abuse Negl,2015,43:73-82.
[8]刘亚鹏,张光珍,梁宗保,等.父亲养育压力的稳定性及对儿童学步期问题行为的预测[J].心理发展与教育,2011,27(6):599-606.
[9]洪琴,池霞,杨蕾,等.南京市学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力现状及影响因素分析[J].南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(11):1582-1586.
[10]戴家振,洪琴,张敏,等.南京市城区学龄前儿童母亲育儿压力影响因素分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,(10):1035-1038.
[11]Yaman A,Mesman J,van ljzendoorn MH,et al.Parenting in an individualistic culture with a collectivistic cultural background:the case of turkish immigrant families with toddlers in the netherlands[J].J Child Fam Stud,2010,19(5):617-628.
[12]Emmen RA,Malda M,Mesman J,et al.Socioeconomic status and parenting in ethnic minority families:Testing a minority family stress model[J].J Fam Psychol,2013,27(6):896-904.
[13]Duncan GJ,Brooksgunn J.Family poverty,welfare reform,and child development[J].Child Dev,2000,71(1):188-196.
[14]耿岚,柯晓燕,薛晴,等.婴儿母亲育儿压力及相关影响因素分析[J].中国医学文摘(儿科学),2008,27(6):457-459.
[15]刘汶蓉.青年白领的育儿压力与教养期望[J].当代青年研究,2015,33(3):40-46.
[16]Parkes A,Sweeting H,Wight D.Parenting stress and parent support among mothers with high and low education[J].J Fam Psychol,2015,29(6):907-918.
[17]向小平,袁敏.社会支持与婚姻满意度对幼儿母亲育儿压力的影响[J].中国妇幼保健,2017,32(18):4504-4507.
[18]李燕芳,刘丽君,刘丽莎.父、母学历与教养行为对学前儿童发展的影响[J].中国特殊教育,2015,22(4):76-83.