粘土矿物参与微生物利用木质素形成矿物-菌体残留物的结构特征研究
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摘要
粘土矿物在催化木质素形成腐殖质方面具有重要贡献。为有效阐明微生物-木质素-粘土矿物三者间的关系,探明矿物-菌体残留物的结构特征,采用液体摇瓶培养法,以木质素为碳源,通过添加高岭石和蒙脱石,在接种复合菌剂后启动110d液体培养,期间动态收集矿物-菌体残留物,利用傅里叶红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜技术对其结构特性进行了研究。结果表明:高岭石颗粒边缘多由管状体卷曲而成,在参与微生物利用木质素形成矿物-菌体残留物后,连片状细小颗粒结构进一步团聚,结合更加紧凑,短管状结构增多,但整体仍保持多水高岭石的结构特征;在初始富营养条件下,高岭石能够促进微生物繁衍,使大量菌体聚集于高岭石表面,掩蔽了Si—O和Si—O—Al键,且矿物-菌体残留物中脂族碳结构比例增加;菌体中多糖物质通过含氧官能团与高岭石表面的水化层在多个部位形成氢键,氢键的形成对于高岭石稳定木质素及其降解产物具有重要作用,芳香碳结构比例和多糖类物质含量随培养时间逐渐增加,而后复合菌株对掩蔽在矿物表面的菌体进行二次利用,使高岭石Si—O—Al键重现;蒙脱石多由浑圆的颗粒结构组成,接种微生物可使其表面产生溶蚀,团粒结构遭到破碎;与10d相比,历经30d培养所得矿物-菌体残留物中的多糖类物质增多,使原本归属蒙脱石Si—O—Si及Si—O结构的1 034~1 038cm-1处吸收峰强度增加,而后因多糖类物质与蒙脱石表面羟基发生缔合,又使该处吸收峰强度减弱,同时发生了氢键键合,该作用是蒙脱石-微生物-木质素间相互作用、形成矿物-菌体残留物的主要机制;高岭石在稳定有机碳方面的能力要高于蒙脱石,更易促进HS前体物质的形成。
The catalytic action of clay minerals have an important contribution to the formation of humic substance(HS)from the lignin.In order to elucidate the relationship among the microorganisms,lignin and clay mineral effectively and reveal the structural characteristics of mineral-microbial residues,the method of liquid shake flask culture was adopted in this article,the lignin serving as the sole C source,through the addition of kaolinite or montmorillonite to start the liquid culture of 110days after inoculating the multiple strains,and then the mineral-microbial residues were dynamically collected and their characteristics were studied by FT-IR and SEM techniques.The results were as follows:The kaolinite particles were mostly formed from the crimp of tube-like material edges.After its participation in the formation of microbial utilization of lignin,much more structures from the fine particles of mineral-microbial residues were further aggregated and they were more integrated,in the process the structures like short tubular were increased,but the overall state still maintained the structural characteristics of hydro-kaolinite.Under the initial culture with a rich variety of nutritive elements,the kaolinite could promote the microbial reproduction,which could make a large number of microorganisms gathered on the kaolinite surface and the Si—O and Si—O—Al bonds were masked.During the process,the proportion of aliphatic C structure of mineral-microbial residues were increased;The H bonds could be formed from the conjunction of multiple O-containing functional groups of high-molecular polysaccharides and the hydration shell of kaolinite at the multiple sites.The formation of H bonds had significant effect to stabilize the lignin and its degradation products from the kaolinite.With the culture,the proportion of aromatic C structure and the polysaccharides content were gradually increased,and then the microbial residues masked on the surface of kaolinite were utilized again by the multiple strains with active ability,which could make its Si—O—Al bond reappeared;Montmorillonite was mostly composed of round particles,and the dissolution was caused by the microbial inoculation on its surface,which could make the granular structures broken and produce much more fragmented structures.Compared with 10days,the polysaccharides of mineral-microbial residues obtained from the culture of 30days were increased,which could make the absorption peak at 1 034~1 038cm~(-1)assigned as the Si—O—Si and Si—O bonds overlayed and strengthened,and then the intensity of absorption peak at 1 034~1 038cm~(-1) was weakened due to the association of polysaccharides with hydroxyl of montmorillonite surface,and simultaneously the intermolecular H bonding occurred,which was the main mechanism for the interaction of montmorillonite,microorganisms and lignin and their formation of mineral-microbial residues.The ability to stabilize organic C from the kaolinite was more than montmorillonite,which was easier to promote the formation of HS precursor substances.
The catalytic action of clay minerals have an important contribution to the formation of humic substance(HS)from the lignin.In order to elucidate the relationship among the microorganisms,lignin and clay mineral effectively and reveal the structural characteristics of mineral-microbial residues,the method of liquid shake flask culture was adopted in this article,the lignin serving as the sole C source,through the addition of kaolinite or montmorillonite to start the liquid culture of 110days after inoculating the multiple strains,and then the mineral-microbial residues were dynamically collected and their characteristics were studied by FT-IR and SEM techniques.The results were as follows:The kaolinite particles were mostly formed from the crimp of tube-like material edges.After its participation in the formation of microbial utilization of lignin,much more structures from the fine particles of mineral-microbial residues were further aggregated and they were more integrated,in the process the structures like short tubular were increased,but the overall state still maintained the structural characteristics of hydro-kaolinite.Under the initial culture with a rich variety of nutritive elements,the kaolinite could promote the microbial reproduction,which could make a large number of microorganisms gathered on the kaolinite surface and the Si—O and Si—O—Al bonds were masked.During the process,the proportion of aliphatic C structure of mineral-microbial residues were increased;The H bonds could be formed from the conjunction of multiple O-containing functional groups of high-molecular polysaccharides and the hydration shell of kaolinite at the multiple sites.The formation of H bonds had significant effect to stabilize the lignin and its degradation products from the kaolinite.With the culture,the proportion of aromatic C structure and the polysaccharides content were gradually increased,and then the microbial residues masked on the surface of kaolinite were utilized again by the multiple strains with active ability,which could make its Si—O—Al bond reappeared;Montmorillonite was mostly composed of round particles,and the dissolution was caused by the microbial inoculation on its surface,which could make the granular structures broken and produce much more fragmented structures.Compared with 10days,the polysaccharides of mineral-microbial residues obtained from the culture of 30days were increased,which could make the absorption peak at 1 034~1 038cm~(-1)assigned as the Si—O—Si and Si—O bonds overlayed and strengthened,and then the intensity of absorption peak at 1 034~1 038cm~(-1) was weakened due to the association of polysaccharides with hydroxyl of montmorillonite surface,and simultaneously the intermolecular H bonding occurred,which was the main mechanism for the interaction of montmorillonite,microorganisms and lignin and their formation of mineral-microbial residues.The ability to stabilize organic C from the kaolinite was more than montmorillonite,which was easier to promote the formation of HS precursor substances.
引文
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[3]Snajdr J,Steffen K T,Hofrichter M,et al.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2010,42(9):1541.
[4]Mapelli F,Marasco R,Balloi A,et al.Journal of Biotechnology,2012,157(4):473.
[5]Liang C,Cheng G,Wixon L C,et al.Biogeochemistry,2011,106(3):303.
[6]Miltner A,Bombach P,Schmidt-Brücken B,et al.Biogeochemistry,2012,111(1-3):41.
[7]Schmidt M W,Torn M S,Abiven S,et al.Nature,2011,478(7367):49.
[8]Wattel-koekkoek E J W,Buurman P,Vander J P,et al.European Journal of Soil Science,2003,54:269.
[9]Kaiser K,Guggenberger G,Derenne S,et al.Organic Geochemistry,2000,31:711.
[10]Six J,Conant R T,Paul E A,et al.Plant and Soil,2002,241:155.
[11]Filip Z,Haider K.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1972,4(2):147.
[12]BAO Zhen-hong,JIANG Wei-hui,MIAO Li-feng,et al(包镇红,江伟辉,苗立锋,等).Journal of Ceramics(陶瓷学报),2014,35(1):53.
[13]HUANG Ming,LI Shao-feng,LU Xiu-guo,et al(黄明,李绍峰,鲁秀国,等).Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2016,10(11):6439.
[14]Chaerun S K,Tazaki K.Clay Minerals,2005,40:481.
[15]XI Jian-hong,HE Meng-chang,LIN Chun-ye,et al(席建红,何孟常,林春野,等).Environmental Chemistry(环境化学),2009,28(1):54.
[16]HAO Qing-li,YANG Xu-jie,WANG Ying(郝青丽,杨绪杰,王瑛).Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析),2000,20(3):302.
[17]KrepelováA,Reich T,Sachs S,et al.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2008,319(1):40.
[18]He X S,Xi B D,Jiang Y H,et al.Microchemical Journal,2013,106:160.
[19]JIA Chun-yun,LI Pei-jun,WEI De-zhou,et al(贾春云,李培军,魏德洲,等).Microbiology China(微生物学通报),2010,37(4):607.
[20]ZUO Xiao-chao,LIU Qin-pu,JI Jing-chao,et al(左小超,刘钦甫,姬景超,等).Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society(硅酸盐学报),2015,43(9):1294.
[21]YIN Yong-yuan,GUO Xue-tao,YANG Chen,et al(尹永远,郭学涛,杨琛,等).Environmental Chemistry(环境化学),2017,36(3):572.
[22]Zhang X L,Niu H Y,Li W H,et al.Chemical Communications,2011,47(15):4454.
[23]Oren A.International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology,1983,33:381.
[24]Rong X M,Huang Q Y,He X M,et al.Colloida and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2008,64(1):49.
[25]Zhou Y,Chen H,Yao J,et al.Applied Clay Science,2010,50(4):533.
[26]HUA Li,JIN Su-su,LUO Jing-jing(花莉,金素素,洛晶晶).Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2012,21(11):1795.
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