复杂荷载作用下残采矿柱综合安全系数
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摘要
为了安全地开采残矿矿柱,在构建矿柱受力模型的基础上,给出覆岩、采场内崩落体挤压、爆破震动等荷载对矿柱综合作用的轴向应力函数表达式;针对矿柱压缩、剪切破坏形式,提出综合荷载残矿开采环境下矿柱安全系数(K)的计算方法,给出矿柱压缩安全系数(K1)、剪切安全系数(K2)和综合安全系数(K)计算式,研究覆岩、崩落体及爆破震动等荷载对矿柱稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:矿柱垂直方向综合荷载与矿柱高度呈正相关关系,与矿柱宽度呈负相关关系;当矿柱宽度一定时,矿柱安全系数随着矿柱高度增加而递减。通过某大型金矿残采工程实例,验证了计算结果的可靠性。研究结果可为矿柱安全定量评价提供依据。
In order to exploit the remnant pillar safely, based on the pillar mechanical model, the function expression of stress component including the loadings of upper rock gravity, caving body extrusion and blasting vibration load reacting to the pillar was put forward. By analysing the pillar compression and shear destruction form, a calculation method for pillar safety factor(K)under the multi-load circumstances was proposed, and pillar compression safety factor(K1), shear safety factor(K2) and integrated safety factor(K) formula were figured out, and the pillar stability influenced by the overburden rock, caved ore body and blasting vibration loads was investigated. The results indicate that the vertical comprehensive load is correlated positively with the height of the pillar, and negatively with the width; when the pillar width remains constant, the pillar safety factor decreases with the gradual increase of the height. Based on the engineering case of a large gold mine, the safety coefficient calculation method to evaluate the reliability of the pillar security is verified. This method theoretically supports how to quantitatively assess the pillar safety.
In order to exploit the remnant pillar safely, based on the pillar mechanical model, the function expression of stress component including the loadings of upper rock gravity, caving body extrusion and blasting vibration load reacting to the pillar was put forward. By analysing the pillar compression and shear destruction form, a calculation method for pillar safety factor(K)under the multi-load circumstances was proposed, and pillar compression safety factor(K1), shear safety factor(K2) and integrated safety factor(K) formula were figured out, and the pillar stability influenced by the overburden rock, caved ore body and blasting vibration loads was investigated. The results indicate that the vertical comprehensive load is correlated positively with the height of the pillar, and negatively with the width; when the pillar width remains constant, the pillar safety factor decreases with the gradual increase of the height. Based on the engineering case of a large gold mine, the safety coefficient calculation method to evaluate the reliability of the pillar security is verified. This method theoretically supports how to quantitatively assess the pillar safety.
引文
[1]胡建华,阮德修,周科平,等.基于空区结构效应的残矿开采作业环境安全辨识与协同利用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(3):1122-1130.HU Jianhua,RUAN Dexiu,ZHOU Keping,et al.Identification and synergic use of operating environment safety based on structure effect of goafs in residual mining[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(3):1122-1130.
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[9]李江腾,曹平.初始几何缺陷对超高矿柱稳定性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4185-4189.LI Jiangteng,CAO Ping.Effect of initial geometrical imperfections on stability of ultrahigh pillar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4185-4189.
[10]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):980-983.JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on the long wall overlying strata spatial structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):980-983.
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[12]王运永,高永涛,蔡嗣经,等.考虑地震影响的地下连续墙稳定性拟静力法研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(5):559-564.WANG Yunyong,GAO Yongtao,CAI Sijing,et al.Research on the stability of diaphragm walls subjected to earthquake using pseudo-static method[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,32(5):559-564.
[13]刘如山,胡少卿,石宏彬.地下结构抗震计算中拟静力法的地震荷载施加方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):237-242.LIU Rushan,HU Shaoqing,SHI Hongbin.Study on seismic loading of pseudo-static approach used in the seismic design of underground structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(2):237-242.
[14]耿萍,何悦,何川,等.地震系数法隧道上覆土柱的合理计算高度[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(4):160-164.GENG Ping,HE Yue,HE Chuan,et al.Advisable calculation heights of tunnel overlaying soil with earthquake coefficient method[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(4):160-164.
[15]刘红帅,薄景山,杨俊波.确定岩质边坡地震安全系数的简化方法[J].岩土工程学报,2012,31(6):1108-1114.LIU Hongshuai,BAO Jingshan,YANG Junbo.Simplified method to determine the seismic safety factor of rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1108-1114.
[16]GB 50111—2006,铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].GB 50111—2006,Code for seismic design of railway engineering[S].
[17]BIENIAWSKI Z T,VAN HEERDEN W L.The significance of in situ tests on large rock specimens[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1975,12(4):101-113.
[2]罗周全,管佳林,冯富康,等.盘区隔离矿柱采场结构参数数值优化[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):261-264.LUO Zhouquan,GUAN Jialin,FENG Fukang,et al.Stope structural parameters of panel isolation pillar numerical optimization[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):261-264.
[3]IDRIS M A,SAIANG D,NORDLUND E.Stochastic assessment of pillar stability at Laisvall mine using Artificial Neural Network[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2015,49:307-319.
[4]WATTIMENA R K,KRAMADIBRATA S,SIDI I D,et al.Developing coal pillar stability chart using logistic regression[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,58:55-60.
[5]李夕兵,李地元,郭雷,等.动力扰动下深部高应力矿柱力学响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):922-928.LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,GUO Lei,et al.Study on mechanical response of highly-stressed pillars in deep mining under dynamic disturbance[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):922-928.
[6]张涛,张帅,张百胜.矿柱安全留设尺寸的宽度折减法与应用[J].岩土力学,2014,35(7):2041-2046.ZHANG Tao,ZHANG Shuai,ZHANG Baisheng.Width reduction method and its application to determining safety size of pillar[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(7):2041-2046.
[7]王在泉,李华峰.矿柱抗剪安全系数的数值计算方法及分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(2):277-280.WANG Zaiquan,LI Huafeng.Numerical calculation method for shear safety[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(2):277-280.
[8]尹升华,吴爱祥,李希雯.矿柱稳定性影响因素敏感性正交极差分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,32(增刊1):48-52.YIN Shenghua,WU Aixiang,LI Xiwen.Orthogonal polar difference analysis for sensitivity of the factors influencing the ore pillar stability[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,32(S1):48-52.
[9]李江腾,曹平.初始几何缺陷对超高矿柱稳定性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4185-4189.LI Jiangteng,CAO Ping.Effect of initial geometrical imperfections on stability of ultrahigh pillar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4185-4189.
[10]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):980-983.JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on the long wall overlying strata spatial structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):980-983.
[11]苏仲杰,于广明,杨伦.覆岩离层变形力学机理数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1287-1290.SU Zhongjie,YU Guangming,YANG Lun.Overburdens Numerical Simulation of Deformation Mechanism Mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1287-1290.
[12]王运永,高永涛,蔡嗣经,等.考虑地震影响的地下连续墙稳定性拟静力法研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(5):559-564.WANG Yunyong,GAO Yongtao,CAI Sijing,et al.Research on the stability of diaphragm walls subjected to earthquake using pseudo-static method[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,32(5):559-564.
[13]刘如山,胡少卿,石宏彬.地下结构抗震计算中拟静力法的地震荷载施加方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):237-242.LIU Rushan,HU Shaoqing,SHI Hongbin.Study on seismic loading of pseudo-static approach used in the seismic design of underground structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(2):237-242.
[14]耿萍,何悦,何川,等.地震系数法隧道上覆土柱的合理计算高度[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(4):160-164.GENG Ping,HE Yue,HE Chuan,et al.Advisable calculation heights of tunnel overlaying soil with earthquake coefficient method[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(4):160-164.
[15]刘红帅,薄景山,杨俊波.确定岩质边坡地震安全系数的简化方法[J].岩土工程学报,2012,31(6):1108-1114.LIU Hongshuai,BAO Jingshan,YANG Junbo.Simplified method to determine the seismic safety factor of rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1108-1114.
[16]GB 50111—2006,铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].GB 50111—2006,Code for seismic design of railway engineering[S].
[17]BIENIAWSKI Z T,VAN HEERDEN W L.The significance of in situ tests on large rock specimens[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1975,12(4):101-113.