不同残膜含量对淡灰钙土水分入渗过程的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同残膜含量对土壤入渗性能的影响,以银川平原淡灰钙土为研究对象,设置5组不同残膜量:0(T0)、100(T1)、200(T2)、400(T3)、800 kg·hm~(-2)(T4),利用一维垂直定水头入渗法,观测湿润锋运移规律和水分入渗过程,并利用4种入渗模型拟合土壤入渗过程,分析其适用性。结果表明,随残膜含量递增,在同一入渗历时内累积入渗量逐渐减小。当入渗时间为390 min时,与T0相比,T1～T4处理的累积入渗量分别减少4.7%、5.8%、6.3%、11%。在入渗同等时间内,残膜量越高其湿润锋运移距离越短。当湿润锋在土柱完成运移时,T0～T4处理分别耗时390、420、510、600、660 min,即随残膜含量的升高入渗时间延长。T0～T4稳定入渗速率分别为0.27、0.24、0.21、0.19、0.16 mm·min~(-1),入渗率随残膜含量的升高而降低。入渗模型拟合的R~2大小依次为通用经验模型>Kostiakov模型>Philip模型>Horton模型,通用经验模型适合描述含残膜土壤的水分入渗过程。研究表明残膜对淡灰钙土水分入渗存在抑制作用,其影响程度随残膜量增加而增大。
In order to explore the effects of different residual film amounts on the infiltration performance of soil water, five residual film treatments were conducted:0(T0), 100(T1), 200(T2), 400(T3), 800 kg·hm~(-2)(T4)with the object of light sierozem in Yinchuan Plain.One-dimensional vertical constant head infiltration method was used to observe soil water movement under different amounts of residual film. We also simulated soil water infiltration process with 4 infiltration models and evaluated their applicability. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration decreased with the increase of the residual amounts. When the infiltration time was 390 min, the cumulative infiltration decreased by 4.7%, 5.8%, 6.3%, 11% for T1～T4 treatments contrast to T0, respectively. The migration distance of dripping wet front in the same time was shorter with the increasing of the residual amounts in the soil. The infiltration time of T0～T4 treatment were 390,420, 510, 600, 660 min at the end time of infiltration, respectively, which indicated that infiltration time was prolonged with the increasing of residual amounts. The stable infiltration rate of T0～T4 was 0.27, 0.24, 0.21, 0.19, 0.16 mm·min~(-1), respectively, which indicated infiltration rate decreased with the increasing of residual amounts. The R~2 of the fitted infiltration models was as follow:Common experienced model>Kostiakov model>Philip model>Horton model. The common experienced model was more effective than the other models, and it was suitable to describe the soil water infiltration process with residual film. The study indicated that the agricultural residue had a hindering effect on soil water infiltration for light sierozem in Yinchuan Plain,and the influence degree would aggravate with the increase ofthe residual amounts.
In order to explore the effects of different residual film amounts on the infiltration performance of soil water, five residual film treatments were conducted:0(T0), 100(T1), 200(T2), 400(T3), 800 kg·hm~(-2)(T4)with the object of light sierozem in Yinchuan Plain.One-dimensional vertical constant head infiltration method was used to observe soil water movement under different amounts of residual film. We also simulated soil water infiltration process with 4 infiltration models and evaluated their applicability. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration decreased with the increase of the residual amounts. When the infiltration time was 390 min, the cumulative infiltration decreased by 4.7%, 5.8%, 6.3%, 11% for T1～T4 treatments contrast to T0, respectively. The migration distance of dripping wet front in the same time was shorter with the increasing of the residual amounts in the soil. The infiltration time of T0～T4 treatment were 390,420, 510, 600, 660 min at the end time of infiltration, respectively, which indicated that infiltration time was prolonged with the increasing of residual amounts. The stable infiltration rate of T0～T4 was 0.27, 0.24, 0.21, 0.19, 0.16 mm·min~(-1), respectively, which indicated infiltration rate decreased with the increasing of residual amounts. The R~2 of the fitted infiltration models was as follow:Common experienced model>Kostiakov model>Philip model>Horton model. The common experienced model was more effective than the other models, and it was suitable to describe the soil water infiltration process with residual film. The study indicated that the agricultural residue had a hindering effect on soil water infiltration for light sierozem in Yinchuan Plain,and the influence degree would aggravate with the increase ofthe residual amounts.
引文
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[10]吕欣欣,丁雪丽,张彬,等.长期定位施肥和地膜覆盖对棕壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳含量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2018,35(1):1-10.LüXin-xin,DING Xue-li,ZHANG Bin,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization and plastic-mulching on the stability and organic carbon contents of brown soil aggregates[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2018,35(1):1-10.
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[15]李元桥,何文清,严昌荣,等.点源供水条件下残膜对土壤水分运移的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):145-149.LI Yuan-qiao,HE Wen-qing,YAN Chang-rong,et al.Effect of residual film on soil infiltration under drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(6):145-149.
[16]徐鹏程,李仙岳,王志超,等.不同残膜量对土壤水分一维入渗的影响[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(1):48-52.XU Peng-cheng,LI Xian-yue,WANG Zhi-chao,et al.Effect of different amounts of plastic residual film on one dimensional soil water infiltration[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture,2017,45(1):48-52.
[17]闫晓红,段汉明,吴斐.银川平原生态环境质量综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(12):53-58.YAN Xiao-hong,DUAN Han-ming,WU Fei.Comprehensive eco-environmental evaluation on Yinchuan Plain[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2011,25(12):53-58.
[18]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.HE Wen-qing,YAN Chang-rong,ZHAO Cai-xia,et al.Study on the pollution by plastic mulch film and its countermeasures in China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(3):533-538.
[19]柴春红.宁夏农业固体废物综合利用及污染防治对策研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.CHAI Chun-hong.The countermeasure research of comprehensive utilization and pollution control of agricultural solid waste in Ningxia[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2016.
[20]牛文全,邹小阳,刘晶晶,等.残膜对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响及不确定性分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):110-119.NIU Wen-quan,ZOU Xiao-yang,LIU Jing-jing,et al.Effects of residual plastic film mixed in soil on water infiltration,evaporation and its uncertainty analysis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(14):110-119.
[21]党宏宇,陈洪松,邵明安.喀斯特地区不同层次土石混合介质对土壤水分入渗过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):38-43.DANG Hong-yu,CHEN Hong-song,SHAO Ming-an.Effects of laminated rock fragments on soil infiltration processes in Karst regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(8):38-43.
[22]王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等.残膜埋深对滴灌条件下粉砂壤土水分入渗影响的试验研究[J].土壤,2014(4):710-715.WANG Zhi-chao,LI Xian-yue,SHI Hai-bin,et al.Study on effect of plastic film residue at different buried depths on silt loam drip infiltration[J].Soils,2014(4):710-715.
[23]邹小阳,牛文全,许健,等.残膜对土壤水分入渗的影响及入渗模型适用性分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(9):1-7.ZOU Xiao-yang,NIU Wen-quan,XU Jian,et al.Effects of residual plastic film on water infiltration and applicability analysis of infiltration models[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(9):1-7.
[24]王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等.农膜残留对土壤水动力参数及土壤结构的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):101-106.WANG Zhi-chao,LI Xian-yue,SHI Hai-bin,et al.Effects of residual plastic film on soil hydrodynamic parameters and soil structure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):101-106.
[25]郑和祥,李和平,郭克贞,等.河套灌区冬小麦冻结期土壤入渗特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):70-78.ZHENG He-xiang,LI He-ping,GUO Ke-zhen,et al.Soil infiltration characteristics of winter wheat field during freezing in Hetao irrigation district[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(4):70-78.
[2]国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴2014[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2014.The Rural Social and Economic Investigation Department,National Bureau of Statistics.China agricultural statistical yearbook 2014[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2014.
[3]曹志强,刘敏.我国农膜行业“十二五”现状及“十三五”发展规划[J].中国塑料,2016,30(8):1-10.CAO Zhi-qiang,LIU Min.Situation of agricultural films during the12th five-year plan period and their development prospect during the13th five-year plan period in China[J].China Plastics,2016,30(8):1-10.
[4]严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.YAN Chang-rong,MEI Xu-rong,HE Wen-qing,et al.Present situation of residue pollution of mulching plastic film and controlling measures[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(11):269-272.
[5]马辉,梅旭荣,严昌荣,等.华北典型农区棉田土壤中地膜残留特点研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):570-573.MA Hui,MEI Xu-rong,YAN Chang-rong,et al.The residue of mulching plastic film of cotton field in north China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(2):570-573.
[6]王敬国.农用化学物质的利用与污染控制[M].北京:北京出版社,2001.WANG Jing-guo.The utilization and pollution control of agricultural chemicals[M].Beijing:Beijing Press,2001.
[7]严昌荣,刘恩科,舒帆,等.我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):95-102.YAN Chang-rong,LIU En-ke,SHU Fan,et al.Review of agricultural plastic mulching and its residual pollution and prevention measures in China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources&Environment,2014,31(2):95-102.
[8]中华人民共和国农业部.农业部关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见[EB/OL].(2015-04-13).http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tfw/201505/t20150529_4624138.htm.Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC.Opinions of the ministry of agriculture on implementing the strong battle of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control[EB/OL].(2015-04-13).http://jiuban.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tfw/201505/t20150529_4624138.htm.
[9]张丹,王洪媛,胡万里,等.地膜厚度对作物产量与土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):293-301.ZHANG Dan,WANG Hong-yuan,HU Wan-li,et al.Effect of film thickness on crop yield and soil environment[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(2):293-301.
[10]吕欣欣,丁雪丽,张彬,等.长期定位施肥和地膜覆盖对棕壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳含量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2018,35(1):1-10.LüXin-xin,DING Xue-li,ZHANG Bin,et al.Effects of long-term fertilization and plastic-mulching on the stability and organic carbon contents of brown soil aggregates[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2018,35(1):1-10.
[11]李仙岳,史海滨,吕烨,等.土壤中不同残膜量对滴灌入渗的影响及不确定性分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):84-90.LI Xian-yue,SHI Hai-bin,LüYe,et al.Effects of different residual plastic film quantities in soil on drip infiltration and its uncertainty analysis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(8):84-90.
[12]解红娥,李永山,杨淑巧,等.农田残膜对土壤环境及作物生长发育的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(增刊):153-156.XIE Hong-e,LI Yong-shan,YANG Shu-qiao,et al.Influence of residual plastic film on soil structure,crop growth and development in fields[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(Suppl):153-156.
[13]Jiang X J,Liu W J,Wang E H,et al.Residual plastic mulch fragments effects on soil physical properties and water flow behavior in the Minqin oasis,northwestern China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2017,166:100-107.
[14]王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等.农膜残留对砂壤土和砂土水分入渗和蒸发的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):198-205.WANG Zhi-chao,LI Xian-yue,SHI Hai-bin,et al.Effects of residual plastic film on infiltration and evaporation for sandy loam and sandy soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(1):198-205.
[15]李元桥,何文清,严昌荣,等.点源供水条件下残膜对土壤水分运移的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):145-149.LI Yuan-qiao,HE Wen-qing,YAN Chang-rong,et al.Effect of residual film on soil infiltration under drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(6):145-149.
[16]徐鹏程,李仙岳,王志超,等.不同残膜量对土壤水分一维入渗的影响[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(1):48-52.XU Peng-cheng,LI Xian-yue,WANG Zhi-chao,et al.Effect of different amounts of plastic residual film on one dimensional soil water infiltration[J].Journal of Northern Agriculture,2017,45(1):48-52.
[17]闫晓红,段汉明,吴斐.银川平原生态环境质量综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(12):53-58.YAN Xiao-hong,DUAN Han-ming,WU Fei.Comprehensive eco-environmental evaluation on Yinchuan Plain[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2011,25(12):53-58.
[18]何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.HE Wen-qing,YAN Chang-rong,ZHAO Cai-xia,et al.Study on the pollution by plastic mulch film and its countermeasures in China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(3):533-538.
[19]柴春红.宁夏农业固体废物综合利用及污染防治对策研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.CHAI Chun-hong.The countermeasure research of comprehensive utilization and pollution control of agricultural solid waste in Ningxia[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2016.
[20]牛文全,邹小阳,刘晶晶,等.残膜对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响及不确定性分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):110-119.NIU Wen-quan,ZOU Xiao-yang,LIU Jing-jing,et al.Effects of residual plastic film mixed in soil on water infiltration,evaporation and its uncertainty analysis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(14):110-119.
[21]党宏宇,陈洪松,邵明安.喀斯特地区不同层次土石混合介质对土壤水分入渗过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):38-43.DANG Hong-yu,CHEN Hong-song,SHAO Ming-an.Effects of laminated rock fragments on soil infiltration processes in Karst regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(8):38-43.
[22]王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等.残膜埋深对滴灌条件下粉砂壤土水分入渗影响的试验研究[J].土壤,2014(4):710-715.WANG Zhi-chao,LI Xian-yue,SHI Hai-bin,et al.Study on effect of plastic film residue at different buried depths on silt loam drip infiltration[J].Soils,2014(4):710-715.
[23]邹小阳,牛文全,许健,等.残膜对土壤水分入渗的影响及入渗模型适用性分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(9):1-7.ZOU Xiao-yang,NIU Wen-quan,XU Jian,et al.Effects of residual plastic film on water infiltration and applicability analysis of infiltration models[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2016,35(9):1-7.
[24]王志超,李仙岳,史海滨,等.农膜残留对土壤水动力参数及土壤结构的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):101-106.WANG Zhi-chao,LI Xian-yue,SHI Hai-bin,et al.Effects of residual plastic film on soil hydrodynamic parameters and soil structure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):101-106.
[25]郑和祥,李和平,郭克贞,等.河套灌区冬小麦冻结期土壤入渗特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):70-78.ZHENG He-xiang,LI He-ping,GUO Ke-zhen,et al.Soil infiltration characteristics of winter wheat field during freezing in Hetao irrigation district[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(4):70-78.