中国城市高年级小学生饮料消费现况
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摘要
目的了解中国高年级小学生饮料消费现状,为开展儿童营养教育及制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,从北京、广州、南京、重庆、济南、哈尔滨6个城市的72所小学随机抽取四、五年级学生共12197名作为研究对象,通过自填问卷的方法调查其饮料消费现状。结果学生在家里、学校和其他地方饮料的消费率分别为92.5%,51.4%和70.6%。学生在家里最常消费的饮料是纯牛奶或酸奶(69.4%)、果蔬饮料(46.6%)、茶饮料(39.6%),在学校最常消费的饮料是纯牛奶或酸奶(30.5%)、果蔬饮料(13.0%)、茶饮料(12.7%),在其他地方最常消费的饮料是纯牛奶或酸奶(37.4%)、茶饮料(29.6%)、果蔬饮料(28.1%)。学生消费饮料原因的前5位是好喝(72.3%)、健康有营养(50.8%)、干净卫生(38.4%)、很多同学喜欢喝(21.9%)和家里人常喝(21.6%)。结论四、五年级学生普遍存在喝饮料现象,且饮料种类不合理。需要开展学生及家长营养教育,促使学生合理消费饮料,养成健康饮食行为。
Objective To understand the status on beverages consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Jinan and Harbin.All the participants were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors.Results The proportion of students who consumed beverages at home, school and elsewhere was 92.5%, 51.4% and 70.6% respectively.The most popular beverages at home were milk, fruit & vegetable drinks,tea drinks(69.4%, 46.6%, 39.6%); the most popular beverages at school were milk, fruit & vegetable drinks, tea drinks(30.5%, 13.0%, 12.7%) while the most popular beverages in other places were milk, tea drinks, fruit & vegetable drinks(37.4%, 29.6%, 28.1%).The top five reasons for choosing beverages were taste delicious, healthy & nutritious, clean, choice of peers and family members(72.3%, 50.8%, 38.4%, 21.9%, 21.6%, respectively).Conclusion Consumption of drinking beverages is popular among students, most of which are unhealthy.Therefore, nutrition education for students and parents should be encouraged aiming to help students choose healthy drinks and eating behaviors.
Objective To understand the status on beverages consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Jinan and Harbin.All the participants were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors.Results The proportion of students who consumed beverages at home, school and elsewhere was 92.5%, 51.4% and 70.6% respectively.The most popular beverages at home were milk, fruit & vegetable drinks,tea drinks(69.4%, 46.6%, 39.6%); the most popular beverages at school were milk, fruit & vegetable drinks, tea drinks(30.5%, 13.0%, 12.7%) while the most popular beverages in other places were milk, tea drinks, fruit & vegetable drinks(37.4%, 29.6%, 28.1%).The top five reasons for choosing beverages were taste delicious, healthy & nutritious, clean, choice of peers and family members(72.3%, 50.8%, 38.4%, 21.9%, 21.6%, respectively).Conclusion Consumption of drinking beverages is popular among students, most of which are unhealthy.Therefore, nutrition education for students and parents should be encouraged aiming to help students choose healthy drinks and eating behaviors.
引文
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[9]谢鑑辉,吴丽霞,唐璐,等.学龄前儿童骨密度水平变化及环境、膳食等影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(22):3598-3600.
[10]唐咏梅,杨猛,刘英莉,等.学龄儿童骨密度水平及其膳食影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(6):706-708.
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[12]段一凡,范轶欧,范健文,等.我国7城市中小学生饮料消费现状[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(9):660-663.
[13]马冠生.中国儿童含糖饮料消费报告[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2018.
[14]BONITA J S,MANDARANO M,SHUTA D,et al.Coffee and cardiovascular disease:in vitro,cellular,animal,and human studies[J].Pharmacol Res,2007,55(3):187-198.
[15]CADDEN I S H,PARTOVI N,YOSHIDA E M.Review article:possible beneficial effects of coffee on liver disease and function[J].Aliment Pharm Ther,2007,26(1):1-7.
[16]马冠生,胡小琪.成长的营养[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:14-37.
[2]周娟,杜姗姗,曾宪涛,等.不同种类碳酸饮料致年轻恒牙釉质脱矿的扫描电镜观察[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2013,22(3):236-238.
[3]AIDI H E,BRONKHORST E M,HUYSMANS M C D N,et al.Factors associated with the incidence of erosive wear in upper incisors and lower first molars:a multifactorial approach[J].J Dent,2011,39(8):558-563.
[4]ESHAK E S,ISO H,MIZOUE T,et al.Soft drink,100%fruit juice,and vegetable juice intakes and risk of diabetes mellitus[J].Clin Nutr,2013,32(2):300-308.
[5]郭海军,丁彩翠,刘爱玲.含糖饮料摄入与2型糖尿病关系的剂量反应meta分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2016,24(7):530-534.
[6]郭海军,丁彩翠,刘爱玲.含糖饮料消费与肥胖及体重改变关系的meta分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2015,23(7):506-511.
[7]HA V,JAYALATH V H,COZMA A I,et al.Fructose-containing sugars,blood pressure,and cardiometabolic risk:a critical review[J].Curr Hypertens Rep,2013,15(4):281-297.
[8]黄辰,田雨,黄建凤,等.含糖饮料饮用量与冠心病及脑卒中风险:前瞻性研究的meta分析[J].中国循环杂志,2013,28(zl):14.
[9]谢鑑辉,吴丽霞,唐璐,等.学龄前儿童骨密度水平变化及环境、膳食等影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(22):3598-3600.
[10]唐咏梅,杨猛,刘英莉,等.学龄儿童骨密度水平及其膳食影响因素[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(6):706-708.
[11]DENNISON B A,ROCKWELL H L,BAKER S L.Excess fruit juice consumption by preschool-aged children is associated with short stature and obesity[J].Pediatrics,1997,99(1):15-22.
[12]段一凡,范轶欧,范健文,等.我国7城市中小学生饮料消费现状[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(9):660-663.
[13]马冠生.中国儿童含糖饮料消费报告[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2018.
[14]BONITA J S,MANDARANO M,SHUTA D,et al.Coffee and cardiovascular disease:in vitro,cellular,animal,and human studies[J].Pharmacol Res,2007,55(3):187-198.
[15]CADDEN I S H,PARTOVI N,YOSHIDA E M.Review article:possible beneficial effects of coffee on liver disease and function[J].Aliment Pharm Ther,2007,26(1):1-7.
[16]马冠生,胡小琪.成长的营养[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:14-37.