2002—2012年中国农村6～12岁儿童血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁元素分布水平
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摘要
目的了解中国农村6～12岁儿童血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁五种元素在2002—2012年的分布水平及10年前后血五元素含量变化。方法基于2002年与2012年"中国居民营养与健康监测"数据资料,采用分层随机抽样选取3420人份血样品,利用电感耦合等离子质谱结合0.5%(V/V)HNO_3和0.05%(V/V)Triton-X-100混合液直接稀释技术分析血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁元素在不同性别(男、女)、年龄(6～8岁、9～12岁)、地区类型(普通农村、贫困农村)儿童中的分布情况。结果 2002年中国农村6～12岁儿童血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁中位数及95%CI分别为1.02(0.79～1.32)、4.88(3.17～6.77)、58.59(44.97～74.24)、41.56(33.01～52.28)和423.21(338.83～540.69)mg/L,2012年为1.00(0.75～1.31)、5.12(3.17～7.37)、63.36(41.14～79.16)、41.78(30.89～52.53)和422.06(297.83～522.56)mg/L。10年前后比较中,5种元素除镁元素外差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别和年龄组上,血铜、锌、钙、铁元素含量分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在地区类型上,全血锌、钙、镁、铁差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),血铜仅在贫困农村差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);此外,血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素分布在地区类型上差异有统计学意义,但呈相反变化。结论中国农村6～12岁儿童2002年和2012年全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素含量在总体、性别、年龄组以及地区类型分布存在差异性。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and changes of blood copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron in Chinese rural children aged 6 to 12 years in 2002 and 2012. METHODS A total of 3420 blood samples were randomly selected from the China Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 and 2012. Metal concentrations in whole blood were determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) after the dilution of 0.5%(V/V) HNO_3 and 0.05%(V/V) Triton-X-100.The changes between 2002 and 2012 of blood five elements concentration in children of 6-12 years in rural China were compared. RESULTS The median of blood levels of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron in 2002 were 1.02(95% CI 0.79-1.32), 4.88(95% CI 3.17-6.77), 58.59(95% CI 44.97-74.24), 41.56(95% CI 33.01-52.28) and 423.21(95% CI 338.83-540.69) mg/L,respectively. And in 2012, the median values were 1.00(95% CI 0.75-1.31), 5.12(95% CI 3.17-7.37), 63.36(95% CI 41.14-79.16), 41.78(95% CI 30.89-52.53) and 422.06(95% CI 297.83-522.56) mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences in blood copper, zinc, calcium and iron levels in general, gender and age. There were also significant area differences in the distribution of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron, but the changes were opposite. CONCLUSION In 2002 and 2012, there were differences in the blood distribution of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe of children aged 6-12 in rural China in terms of general, gender, age and area.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and changes of blood copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron in Chinese rural children aged 6 to 12 years in 2002 and 2012. METHODS A total of 3420 blood samples were randomly selected from the China Nutrition and Health Survey 2002 and 2012. Metal concentrations in whole blood were determined by inductively coupled mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) after the dilution of 0.5%(V/V) HNO_3 and 0.05%(V/V) Triton-X-100.The changes between 2002 and 2012 of blood five elements concentration in children of 6-12 years in rural China were compared. RESULTS The median of blood levels of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron in 2002 were 1.02(95% CI 0.79-1.32), 4.88(95% CI 3.17-6.77), 58.59(95% CI 44.97-74.24), 41.56(95% CI 33.01-52.28) and 423.21(95% CI 338.83-540.69) mg/L,respectively. And in 2012, the median values were 1.00(95% CI 0.75-1.31), 5.12(95% CI 3.17-7.37), 63.36(95% CI 41.14-79.16), 41.78(95% CI 30.89-52.53) and 422.06(95% CI 297.83-522.56) mg/L, respectively. There were significant differences in blood copper, zinc, calcium and iron levels in general, gender and age. There were also significant area differences in the distribution of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron, but the changes were opposite. CONCLUSION In 2002 and 2012, there were differences in the blood distribution of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe of children aged 6-12 in rural China in terms of general, gender, age and area.
引文
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[13] LIU J,SHI J Z,YU L M,et al.Mercury in traditional medicines:is cinnabar toxicologically similar to common mercurials[J].Exp Biol Med,2008,233(7):810-817.
[14] OULHOTE Y,MERGLER D,BOUCHARD M F.Sex- and age-differences in blood manganese levels in the U.S.general population:national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2012[J].Environ Health,2014,17(1):88.
[15] ZHANG L L,LU L,PAN Y J,et al.Baseline blood levels of manganese,lead,cadmium,copper,and zinc in residents of Beijing suburb[J].Environ Res,2015,140:10-17.
[16] ARNAUD J,TOUVIER M,GALAN P,et al.Determinants of serum zinc concentrations in a population of French middle-age subjects (SU.VI.MAX cohort)[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2010,64(10):1057-1064.
[17] 吴定昌,肖婷,王跃华,等.福建闽西地区儿童全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁微量元素参考范围调查[J].国际检验医学杂志,2013,34(3):317-319.
[18] PERRONE L,SALERNO M,GIALANELLA G,et al.Long-term zinc and iron supplementation in children of short stature:effect of growth and on trace element content in tissues[J].J Trace Elem Med Bio,1999,13(1-2):51-56.
[2] De M E,IRIBARREN I,CHACON E,et al.Risk-based evaluation of the exposure of children to trace elements in playgrounds in Madrid (Spain)[J].Chemosphere,2007,66(3):505.
[3] PRONCZUKGARBINO J.Children’s health and the environment:a global perspective - a resource manual for the health sector[R].Geneva:WHO,2005(173):248-249.
[4] TRIPATHI R M,RAGHUNATH R,MAHAPATRA S,et al.Blood lead and its effect on Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe and hemoglobin levels of children[J].Sci Total Environ,2001,277(1-3):161-168.
[5] LIANG C,LI Z,XIA X,et al.Erratum to determine multiple elements simultaneously in the sera of umbilical cord blood samples-a very simple method[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2016,177(1):1-8.
[6] OZMEN H,AKARSU S,POLAT F,et al.The levels of calcium and magnesium,and of selected trace elements,in whole blood and scalp hair of children with growth retardation[J].Iran J Pediatr,2013,23(2):125.
[7] BUZINA R,JUSIC M,SAPUNAR J,et al.Zinc nutrition and taste acuity in school children with impaired growth[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1980,33(11):2262.
[8] FAHIMEH K,REZA S M,ALI M,et al.Determination of maternal serum zinc,iron,calcium and magnesium during pregnancy in pregnant women and umbilical cord blood and their association with outcome of pregnancy[J].Mater Sociomed,2016,28(2):104-107.
[9] WHO.Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals[R].Geneva:WHO,2009:1-530.
[10] VILLALPANDO S,GARCIAGUERRA A,RAMIREZSILVA C I,et al.Iron,zinc and iodide status in Mexican children under 12 years and women 12-49 years of age:a probabilistic national survey[J].Salud Pública De Mexico,2003,45 (suppl.4):S520.
[11] PEA A C L,JAMETT A,SANTANDER M,et al.Concentration of trace elements in children from northern Chile[J].Rev Med Chil,1992,120(1):20-24.
[12] ZHENG W,MONNOT A D.Regulation of brain iron and copper homeostasis by brain barrier systems:implication in neurodegenerative diseases[J].Pharmacol Therapeut,2012,133(2):177-188.
[13] LIU J,SHI J Z,YU L M,et al.Mercury in traditional medicines:is cinnabar toxicologically similar to common mercurials[J].Exp Biol Med,2008,233(7):810-817.
[14] OULHOTE Y,MERGLER D,BOUCHARD M F.Sex- and age-differences in blood manganese levels in the U.S.general population:national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2012[J].Environ Health,2014,17(1):88.
[15] ZHANG L L,LU L,PAN Y J,et al.Baseline blood levels of manganese,lead,cadmium,copper,and zinc in residents of Beijing suburb[J].Environ Res,2015,140:10-17.
[16] ARNAUD J,TOUVIER M,GALAN P,et al.Determinants of serum zinc concentrations in a population of French middle-age subjects (SU.VI.MAX cohort)[J].Eur J Clin Nutr,2010,64(10):1057-1064.
[17] 吴定昌,肖婷,王跃华,等.福建闽西地区儿童全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁微量元素参考范围调查[J].国际检验医学杂志,2013,34(3):317-319.
[18] PERRONE L,SALERNO M,GIALANELLA G,et al.Long-term zinc and iron supplementation in children of short stature:effect of growth and on trace element content in tissues[J].J Trace Elem Med Bio,1999,13(1-2):51-56.