广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县小学生营养干预对体成分影响
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摘要
目的观察两年的营养干预对广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县小学生体成分影响。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县的4所瑶族聚居的乡镇小学作为干预小学,从每个学校的二年级至四年级(7～12岁)中各随机抽取1个班,另选择本地区4所与干预小学经济、社会条件相近的学校作为对照。干预组共计190名学生,对照组共计146名学生,对照组予以营养膳食补助,干预组在此基础上加牛奶和鸡蛋,观察与分析实施营养干预两年后的不同体重组小学生体成分变化,基线调查在2015年9月(T0)开展,2016年9月(T1)和2017年9月(T2)进行了两次随访调查。结果采用混合线性模型分析重复测量数据,在T0时间段,两组研究对象男生、女生的各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,干预组在T1、T2时间段男生的瘦体重(χ~2=7.253,P<0.05)、体脂(χ~2=6.181,P<0.05;χ~2=5.226,P<0.05)和体脂百分比(χ~2=4.284,P<0.05;χ~2=2.227,P<0.05)均增加明显;女生在瘦体重(χ~2=3.287,<0.05;χ~2=2.788,P<0.05)、体脂(χ~2=3.261,P<0.05;χ~2=2.135,P<0.05)上增加明显,差异具有统计学意义。组间比较,相对于T0时间段,干预组、对照组在T1、T2时间段的瘦体重(χ~2=5.381,P<0.05;χ~2=3.278,P<0.05)和体脂(χ~2=5.987,P<0.05;χ~2=3.921,P<0.05)增长差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析可见,控制年龄、身高、体重后,男生的瘦体重、体脂的组间时间交互作用均有统计学意义。不同水平体重组而言,与对照组比较,干预组在T1、T2时间段低水平组、中水平组的瘦体重(χ~2=6.234,P<0.05;χ~2=4.076,P<0.05)和体脂(χ~2=5.479,P<0.05;χ~2=2.315,P<0.05)均增加明显。组间比较,相对于T0时间段,干预组、对照组在T1、T2时间段低水平组、中水平组、高水平组的瘦体重(χ~2=5.784,P<0.05;χ~2=3.679,P<0.05)和体脂(χ~2=4.783,P<0.05;χ~2=2.784,P<0.05)增长差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族自治县小学生予以牛奶、鸡蛋的营养干预,可较好地促进男生体成分改变,对于女生获益不明显。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of two-year nutritional intervention on the body composition in Yao primary school students in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. METHODS Four primary schools in towns mainly inhabited by Yao People in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were chosen randomly as the intervention schools, from which one class was randomly chosen per grade from grades 2-4(7-12 years old); Four other primary schools with similar economic and social conditions to the intervention schools were chosen as the control schools. In total, 190 and 146 students were included in the intervention group and the control group, respectively. The control group gave basic food allowance and the intervention group gave milk and eggs on this basic. Students in the intervention group were subject to nutritional intervention. The change in body composition of students of different body weights was observed and analyzed at the baseline time(September 2015; T0), and 1(T1) and 2(T2) years after intervention. The mixed linear model was used to analyze repeated measures data, and multivariate ANOVA was performed. RESULTSNo significant differences existed in all indexes for both boys and girls between the two groups at T0(P > 0.05). At T1 and T2, as compared with the control group, the fat-free body weight(χ~2=7.253, P<0.05), body fat(χ~2=6.181, P<0.05; χ~2=5.226, P<0.05) and body fat percentage(χ~2=4.284, P<0.05; χ~2=2.227, P<0.05) of boys, and the fat-free body weight(χ~2=3.287, P<0.05; χ~2=2.788, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=3.261, P<0.05; χ~2=2.135, P<0.05) of girls increased significantly in the intervention group. The fat-free body weight(χ~2=5.381, P<0.05; χ~2=3.278, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=5.987, P<0.05; χ~2=3.921, P<0.05) in both the intervention and the control groups increased significantly at T1 and T2 as compared with T0. Multivariate ANOVA result showed that, the fat-free body weight and body fat were significantly different between different time periods after age, height and body weight were controlled for boys but not girls. When body weights of different levels were included, the fat-free body weight(χ~2=6.234, P<0.05; χ~2=4.076, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=5.479, P<0.05; χ~2=2.315, P<0.05) increased significantly in low-, middle-and high-level subgroups of the intervention group at T1 and T2 as compared with the control group. The fat-free body weight(χ~2=5.784, P<0.05; χ~2=3.679, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=4.783, P<0.05; χ~2=2.784, P<0.05) in low-, middle-and high-level subgroups of both the intervention and the control groups increased significantly at T1 and T2 as compared to those at T0(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Nutritional intervention(including milk and eggs) can promote the change in body composition in boys in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County primary schools of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, but produces not too much benefit for girls.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of two-year nutritional intervention on the body composition in Yao primary school students in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. METHODS Four primary schools in towns mainly inhabited by Yao People in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were chosen randomly as the intervention schools, from which one class was randomly chosen per grade from grades 2-4(7-12 years old); Four other primary schools with similar economic and social conditions to the intervention schools were chosen as the control schools. In total, 190 and 146 students were included in the intervention group and the control group, respectively. The control group gave basic food allowance and the intervention group gave milk and eggs on this basic. Students in the intervention group were subject to nutritional intervention. The change in body composition of students of different body weights was observed and analyzed at the baseline time(September 2015; T0), and 1(T1) and 2(T2) years after intervention. The mixed linear model was used to analyze repeated measures data, and multivariate ANOVA was performed. RESULTSNo significant differences existed in all indexes for both boys and girls between the two groups at T0(P > 0.05). At T1 and T2, as compared with the control group, the fat-free body weight(χ~2=7.253, P<0.05), body fat(χ~2=6.181, P<0.05; χ~2=5.226, P<0.05) and body fat percentage(χ~2=4.284, P<0.05; χ~2=2.227, P<0.05) of boys, and the fat-free body weight(χ~2=3.287, P<0.05; χ~2=2.788, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=3.261, P<0.05; χ~2=2.135, P<0.05) of girls increased significantly in the intervention group. The fat-free body weight(χ~2=5.381, P<0.05; χ~2=3.278, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=5.987, P<0.05; χ~2=3.921, P<0.05) in both the intervention and the control groups increased significantly at T1 and T2 as compared with T0. Multivariate ANOVA result showed that, the fat-free body weight and body fat were significantly different between different time periods after age, height and body weight were controlled for boys but not girls. When body weights of different levels were included, the fat-free body weight(χ~2=6.234, P<0.05; χ~2=4.076, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=5.479, P<0.05; χ~2=2.315, P<0.05) increased significantly in low-, middle-and high-level subgroups of the intervention group at T1 and T2 as compared with the control group. The fat-free body weight(χ~2=5.784, P<0.05; χ~2=3.679, P<0.05) and body fat(χ~2=4.783, P<0.05; χ~2=2.784, P<0.05) in low-, middle-and high-level subgroups of both the intervention and the control groups increased significantly at T1 and T2 as compared to those at T0(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Nutritional intervention(including milk and eggs) can promote the change in body composition in boys in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County primary schools of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, but produces not too much benefit for girls.
引文
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[8] 赵然,潘慧,甘倩,等.广西壮族自治区田阳县小学生营养干预两年后体成分变化分析[J].卫生研究,2018,47(2):232-236.
[9] ALBALA C,EBBELING C B,CIFUENTES M,et al.Effects of replacing the habitual consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with milk in Chilean children[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2008,88 (3):605-611.
[10] CADOGAN J,EASTELL R,JONES N,et al.Milk intake and bone intervention trial[J].BMJ Clin Res,1997,315(7118):1255-1260.
[11] 田果,包玉欣,刘言.儿童青少年青春期发育影响因素研究进展[J].卫生研究,2015,44 (6):1009-1018.
[12] 秦正积,沈毅,王燕南,等.三种重复测量资料的统计分析方法比较研究[J].中国卫生统计,2014,31 (3):542-545.
[2] 李博懁,唐国杰,潘俊祥,等.广西汉、壮族女生性发育半纵向调查研究[J].应用预防医学,2016,22(1):5-8.
[3] 中华人民共和国教育部,中国共产党中央委员会宣传部,中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,等.教育部等十五部门关于印发《农村义务教育学生营养改善计划实施细则》等五个配套文件的通知(教财[2012] 2号)[EB/OL].[2012-06-14].http//www.gov.cn/zwgk/2012-06/14 / content_2160689.htm.
[4] 林双,胡小琪,张帆,等.补充鸡蛋与牛奶对贫困农村儿童体格发育的影响[J].中华预防医学杂志,2015,49 (8):733-737.
[5] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查[EB/OL].[2014-12-15].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2014/07 /20140704142652587.Pdf.
[6] 中华人民共和国卫生部疾病预防控制局.中国学龄儿童少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南(试用)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:10-12.
[7] 常继乐,王宇.中国居民营养与健康状况监测2010-2013年综合报告[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2016:71-73.
[8] 赵然,潘慧,甘倩,等.广西壮族自治区田阳县小学生营养干预两年后体成分变化分析[J].卫生研究,2018,47(2):232-236.
[9] ALBALA C,EBBELING C B,CIFUENTES M,et al.Effects of replacing the habitual consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with milk in Chilean children[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2008,88 (3):605-611.
[10] CADOGAN J,EASTELL R,JONES N,et al.Milk intake and bone intervention trial[J].BMJ Clin Res,1997,315(7118):1255-1260.
[11] 田果,包玉欣,刘言.儿童青少年青春期发育影响因素研究进展[J].卫生研究,2015,44 (6):1009-1018.
[12] 秦正积,沈毅,王燕南,等.三种重复测量资料的统计分析方法比较研究[J].中国卫生统计,2014,31 (3):542-545.