1981-2017年山东汛期降水时空分布特征
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摘要
利用山东省22个基本(准)气象站1981—2017年汛期(6—9月)逐日降水数据,运用降水集中度指数Q,统计分析了山东汛期降水分布的时空变化特征,并分析了有效降水、强降水和极端降水等不同强度降水日数和降水量的分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明:鲁中山区至鲁东南一带汛期Q指数相对较小,降水相对均匀,山东半岛北部沿海和鲁西地区汛期Q指数相对较大,降水相对集中。山东省中西部大部分地区Q指数呈减小趋势,降水量和降水日数多为增加趋势,山东半岛沿海地区Q指数呈增加趋势,降水日数减少,降水呈更为集中的趋势。大部分地区不同强度的降水量和降水日数呈增加趋势,山东半岛沿海地区强降水和极端降水日数增加趋势更为明显,会导致该地区降水更加集中。
Based on daily precipitation data at 22 basic meteorological stations in Shandong Province during the period from 1981 to 2017,the changes in distribution of precipitation in flooding season in Shandong Province were comprehensively analyzed using the concentration index(Q),and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and changing trend of different grads precipitation were analyzed.The results indicated that the regions with smaller Qindexes were middle Shandong and south-east Shandong and the areas with the bigger Qindexes were northern coast of Shandong Peninsula and western Shandong;the Qindexes presented the decreasing trends in most regions of middle-west Shandong and increasing trends in coast regions of Shandong Peninsula;the total amount of precipitation and days precipitation in most regions presented the increasing trends;days of strong and extreme precipitation were more obvious and precipitation was more concentrated in coast regions of Shandong Peninsula.
Based on daily precipitation data at 22 basic meteorological stations in Shandong Province during the period from 1981 to 2017,the changes in distribution of precipitation in flooding season in Shandong Province were comprehensively analyzed using the concentration index(Q),and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and changing trend of different grads precipitation were analyzed.The results indicated that the regions with smaller Qindexes were middle Shandong and south-east Shandong and the areas with the bigger Qindexes were northern coast of Shandong Peninsula and western Shandong;the Qindexes presented the decreasing trends in most regions of middle-west Shandong and increasing trends in coast regions of Shandong Peninsula;the total amount of precipitation and days precipitation in most regions presented the increasing trends;days of strong and extreme precipitation were more obvious and precipitation was more concentrated in coast regions of Shandong Peninsula.
引文
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[3]秦大河,陈振林,罗勇,等.气候变化科学的最新认知[J].气候变化研究进展,2007,3(2):63-73.
[4]李君,邰庆国,韩国泳,等.山东伏期旱涝特征与大气环流异常[J].气象科学,2009,29(1):106-109.
[5]高留喜,刘秦玉.山东省春季旱年与涝年对应的大气环流[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(4):512-518.
[6]严中伟,杨赤.近几十年中国极端气候变化格局[J].气候与环境研究,2000,5(3):267-271.
[7]冯强,王昂生,李吉顺.我国降水的时空变化与暴雨洪涝灾害[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):87-93.
[8]迟竹萍.近45年山东夏季降水时空分布及变化趋势分析[J].高原气象,2009,28(1):220-226.
[9]董旭光,顾伟宗,孟祥新,等.山东省近50年来降水事件变化特征[J].地理学报,2014,69(5):661-671.
[10]李胜利,巩在武,石振彬.近50年来山东省极端降水指数变化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):120-127.
[11] Xue D Q,Wang X T.The Variation of Extreme Temperature and Precipitation in Shandong Province during1961—2008[J].Meteorological and Environmental Research,2010,1(5):51-57.
[12]段丽瑶,杨艳娟,李明财.近50年环渤海地区夏季降水时空变化特征[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):243-249.
[13]高留喜,刘秦玉.山东春季降水的时空变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2005,24(5):811-815.
[14]徐宗学,孟翠玲,赵芳芳.山东省近40a来的气温和降水变化趋势分析[J].气象科学,2007,27(4):387-393.
[15]杨士恩,王启.山东夏季降水的气候特征及其成因[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(1):65-71.
[16]万明波,董旭光.山东省1961—2010年降水的非均匀性特征[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):566-573.
[17]张录军,钱永甫.长江流域雨季降水集中度和旱涝关系研究[J].地球物理学报,2003,47(4):622-630.
[18]杨远东.河川径流年内分配的计算方法[J].地理学报,1984,39(2):218-227.
[19]杨玮,何金海,王盘兴,等.近42年来青藏高原年内降水时空不均匀性特征分析[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):376-384.
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[21]张运福,胡春丽,赵春雨,等.东北地区降水年内分配的不均匀性[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(2):89-94.
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[24] Li H,Zhai P M,Lu E,et al.Changes in temporal concentration property of summer precipitation in China during 1961—2010based on a new index[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,2017,31(2):336-349.DOI:10,1007/s13351-017-6020-y.
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