滑滚比对钢/钢配副表面摩擦特性的影响
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摘要
采用三点接触式摩擦机对钢/钢配副在不同滑滚比(SRR)以及边界润滑条件下的表面摩擦特性进行了研究,使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对摩擦副表面不同疲劳磨损阶段的损伤形貌进行表征,并利用X射线电子光谱仪(XPS)对摩擦副表面进行了化学分析。结果表明:提高滑滚比可以减少摩擦副表面微点蚀的数量,磨损量也随之上升,而摩擦系数没有明显的变化。同时,XPS结果表明:随着滑滚比的提高,摩擦副表面所含氧化物含量上升,而润滑油膜随之变厚。因此,滑滚比影响摩擦副在边界润滑条件下的摩擦学性能不仅与摩擦系数和磨损量有关,也与其中的摩擦化学有紧密联系。
An automation test rig using the proven three point contact configuration was applied to studying the effect of slide to roll ratio( SRR) on the tribological behavior of lubricated steel/steel contacts in a boundary lubrication regime. The tested specimen surface was examined under an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope( SEM) to study the fatigue behavior of the specimen surface. Then the X-ray photo-electronic spectroscope( XPS) is applied to studying the related tribochemistry behavior. The study results show that the increase of SRR can reduce the number of micropits on the worn surface,while wear increased and friction did not change much. XPS study results indicate that the increase of SRR resulted in the increase of oxide concentration on the worn surface as well as the film thickness. Therefore,the effect of SRR on the tribological behavior of lubricated steel/steel contacts in the boundary lubrication regime is not only related to friction and wear but also highly depends on related tribochemistry.
An automation test rig using the proven three point contact configuration was applied to studying the effect of slide to roll ratio( SRR) on the tribological behavior of lubricated steel/steel contacts in a boundary lubrication regime. The tested specimen surface was examined under an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope( SEM) to study the fatigue behavior of the specimen surface. Then the X-ray photo-electronic spectroscope( XPS) is applied to studying the related tribochemistry behavior. The study results show that the increase of SRR can reduce the number of micropits on the worn surface,while wear increased and friction did not change much. XPS study results indicate that the increase of SRR resulted in the increase of oxide concentration on the worn surface as well as the film thickness. Therefore,the effect of SRR on the tribological behavior of lubricated steel/steel contacts in the boundary lubrication regime is not only related to friction and wear but also highly depends on related tribochemistry.
引文
[1]Ji C C,Zhu H,Jiang W,et al.Running-in test and fractal methodology for worn surface topography characterization[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,23(5):600-605
[2]徐滨士,梁秀兵,史佩京,等.我国再制造工程及其产业发展[J].表面工程资讯,2015,15(2):6-10Xu B S,Liang X B,Shi P J,et al.The rebuilding engineering and development of related industry in China[J].Information of Surface Engineering,2015,15(2):6-10(in Chinese)
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[11]Winter H,Oster P.Influence of lubrication on pitting and micropitting resistance of gears[J].Gear Technology,1990,7(2):16-23
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[15]Eglin M,Rossi A,Spencer N D.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of tribostressed samples in the presence of Zn DTP:a combinatorial approach[J].Tribology Letters,2003,15(3):199-209
[16]Nedelcu I,Piras E,Rossi A,et al.XPS analysis on the influence of water on the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate-derived reaction layer in lubricated rolling contacts[J].Surface and Interface Analysis,2012,44(8):1219-1224
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[21]Piras F M,Rossi A,Spencer N D.Combined in situ(ATR FT-IR)and ex situ(XPS)study of the Zn DTPiron surface interaction[J].Tribology Letters,2003,15(3):181-191
[22]Gellman A J,Spencer N D.Surface chemistry in tribology[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J:Journal of Engineering Tribology,2002,216(6):443-461
[23]Dietrich P M,Nietzold C,Weise M,et al.XPS depth profiling of an ultrathin bioorganic film with an argon gas cluster ion beam[J].Biointerphases,2016,11(2):029603
[24]殷玉枫,段全心,吉晓梅,等.滚柱轴承离合器润滑脂膜厚度的计算及分析[J].润滑与密封,2008,33(2):30-34,39Yin Y F,Duan Q X,Ji X M,et al.Grease film thickness calculation and analysis for roller bearing clutch[J].Lubrication Engineering,2008,33(2):30-34,39(in Chinese)
[25]张玉萌,温天佑,郭峰.面接触条件下润滑脂流体动压润滑膜的成膜特性[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(1):70-74Zhang Y M,Wen G T,Guo F.Film building properties of grease in flat-on-flat conformal contact[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(1):70-74(in Chinese)
[26]Spikes H.The history and mechanisms of ZDDP[J].Tribology Letters,2004,17(3):469-489
[27]Ji C C,Zhu H,Jiang W,et al.Running-in test and fractal methodology for worn surface topography characterization[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,23(5):600-605
[2]徐滨士,梁秀兵,史佩京,等.我国再制造工程及其产业发展[J].表面工程资讯,2015,15(2):6-10Xu B S,Liang X B,Shi P J,et al.The rebuilding engineering and development of related industry in China[J].Information of Surface Engineering,2015,15(2):6-10(in Chinese)
[3]王海斗,张志强,李国禄,等.等离子喷涂层接触疲劳失效模式及失效机理的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(3):251-257Wang H D,Zhang Z Q,Li G L,et al.Investigation of contact fatigue failure mode and mechanism of plasma spraying coating[J].Tribology,2012,32(3):251-257(in Chinese)
[4]陈书赢,王海斗,徐滨士,等.热喷涂层滚动接触疲劳寿命演变规律研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(8):23-33Chen S Y,Wang H D,Xu B S,et al.Law of rolling contact fatigue life of thermal spray coatings:a review[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(8):23-33(in Chinese)
[5]Piao Z Y,Xu B S,Wang H D,et al.Investigation of fatigue failure prediction of Fe-Cr alloy coatings under rolling contact based on acoustic emission technique[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,257(7):2581-2586
[6]Olver A V,Dini D,LainéE,et al.Roughness and lubricant chemistry effects in micropitting[C]//Proceedings of 2007 Fall Technical Meeting of the American Gear Manufacturers Association.Detroit,Michigan:AGMA,2007:1-8
[7]Cui H W,Cui X F,Wang H D,et al.Effects of service condition on rolling contact fatigue failure mechanism and lifetime of thermal spray coatings-a review[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,28(1):132-139
[8]Olver A V.Micropitting of gear teeth:design solutions[J].Aerotech,1995,95:1-12
[9]Spikes H A,Olver A V,Macpherson P B.Wear in rolling contacts[J].Wear,1986,112(2):121-144
[10]LainéE,Olver A V,Beveridge T A.Effect of lubricants on micropitting and wear[J].Tribology International,2008,41(11):1049-1055
[11]Winter H,Oster P.Influence of lubrication on pitting and micropitting resistance of gears[J].Gear Technology,1990,7(2):16-23
[12]Brechot P,Cardis A B,Murphy W R,et al.Micropitting resistant industrial gear oils with balanced performance[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2000,52(3):125-136
[13]Dowson D,Higginson G R.Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication:the fundamentals of roller and gear lubrication[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1966
[14]LainéE,Olver A V,Lekstrom M F,et al.The effect of a friction modifier additive on micropitting[J].Tribology Transactions,2009,52(4):526-533
[15]Eglin M,Rossi A,Spencer N D.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of tribostressed samples in the presence of Zn DTP:a combinatorial approach[J].Tribology Letters,2003,15(3):199-209
[16]Nedelcu I,Piras E,Rossi A,et al.XPS analysis on the influence of water on the evolution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate-derived reaction layer in lubricated rolling contacts[J].Surface and Interface Analysis,2012,44(8):1219-1224
[17]Cen H,Morina A,Neville A,et al.Effect of water on ZDDP anti-wear performance and related tribochemistry in lubricated steel/steel pure sliding contacts[J].Tribology International,2012,56:47-57
[18]Suarez A N,Grahn M,Pasaribu R,et al.The influence of base oil polarity on the tribological performance of zinc dialkyl dithiophospate additives[J].Tribology International,2010,43(12):2268-2278
[19]Nicholls M A,Do T,Norton P R,et al.Review of the lubrication of metallic surfaces by zinc dialkyldithiophosphates[J].Tribology International,2005,38(1):15-39
[20]Martin J M,Grossiord C,Le Mogne T,et al.The twolayer structure of Zndtp tribofilms:Part I:AES,XPS and XANES analyses[J].Tribology International,2001,34(8):523-530
[21]Piras F M,Rossi A,Spencer N D.Combined in situ(ATR FT-IR)and ex situ(XPS)study of the Zn DTPiron surface interaction[J].Tribology Letters,2003,15(3):181-191
[22]Gellman A J,Spencer N D.Surface chemistry in tribology[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J:Journal of Engineering Tribology,2002,216(6):443-461
[23]Dietrich P M,Nietzold C,Weise M,et al.XPS depth profiling of an ultrathin bioorganic film with an argon gas cluster ion beam[J].Biointerphases,2016,11(2):029603
[24]殷玉枫,段全心,吉晓梅,等.滚柱轴承离合器润滑脂膜厚度的计算及分析[J].润滑与密封,2008,33(2):30-34,39Yin Y F,Duan Q X,Ji X M,et al.Grease film thickness calculation and analysis for roller bearing clutch[J].Lubrication Engineering,2008,33(2):30-34,39(in Chinese)
[25]张玉萌,温天佑,郭峰.面接触条件下润滑脂流体动压润滑膜的成膜特性[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(1):70-74Zhang Y M,Wen G T,Guo F.Film building properties of grease in flat-on-flat conformal contact[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(1):70-74(in Chinese)
[26]Spikes H.The history and mechanisms of ZDDP[J].Tribology Letters,2004,17(3):469-489
[27]Ji C C,Zhu H,Jiang W,et al.Running-in test and fractal methodology for worn surface topography characterization[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,23(5):600-605