Reproductive biology of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan 1905 (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River,China
|
摘要
The reproductive biology of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi(Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) was studied by 719 individuals that collected from August 2008 to August 2009 in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River, China. We coupled monthly variations of the gonadosomatic index(GSI), monthly proportions of the macroscopic maturity stages with size distribution of oocytes to evaluate spawning seasons. Taken as a set, these results indicated that S. younghusband i spawned from March to April with high degree of the spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths and the ages at 50% maturity for male were 222 mm and 4.4 year, and 308 mm and 7.0 year for female. In addition, the estimated mean fecundity and mean relative fecundity were 18682 and 57.8 eggs per g body weight. The fecundity of S. younghusbandi increased linearly with increasing of standard length and body weight. This study provides details about the S. younghusbandi reproduction suggesting that may be this species is vulnerable to exploitation in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River.
The reproductive biology of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi(Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) was studied by 719 individuals that collected from August 2008 to August 2009 in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River, China. We coupled monthly variations of the gonadosomatic index(GSI), monthly proportions of the macroscopic maturity stages with size distribution of oocytes to evaluate spawning seasons. Taken as a set, these results indicated that S. younghusband i spawned from March to April with high degree of the spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths and the ages at 50% maturity for male were 222 mm and 4.4 year, and 308 mm and 7.0 year for female. In addition, the estimated mean fecundity and mean relative fecundity were 18682 and 57.8 eggs per g body weight. The fecundity of S. younghusbandi increased linearly with increasing of standard length and body weight. This study provides details about the S. younghusbandi reproduction suggesting that may be this species is vulnerable to exploitation in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River.
The reproductive biology of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi(Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) was studied by 719 individuals that collected from August 2008 to August 2009 in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River, China. We coupled monthly variations of the gonadosomatic index(GSI), monthly proportions of the macroscopic maturity stages with size distribution of oocytes to evaluate spawning seasons. Taken as a set, these results indicated that S. younghusband i spawned from March to April with high degree of the spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths and the ages at 50% maturity for male were 222 mm and 4.4 year, and 308 mm and 7.0 year for female. In addition, the estimated mean fecundity and mean relative fecundity were 18682 and 57.8 eggs per g body weight. The fecundity of S. younghusbandi increased linearly with increasing of standard length and body weight. This study provides details about the S. younghusbandi reproduction suggesting that may be this species is vulnerable to exploitation in the middle reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo River.
引文
Adebisi A A.1987.The relationships between the fecundities,gonado-somatic indices and egg sizes of some fi shes of Ogun River,Nigeria.Archiv für Hydrobiologie,111:151-156.
Bagenal T B,Braum E.1978.Eggs and early life history.In:Bagenal T B ed.Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters.Blackwell Scientifi c Publications,Oxford.p.165-201.
Booth A J,Buxton C D.1997.Management of the panga Pterogymnus laniarius(Pisces:Sparidae)on the Agulhas Bank,South Africa using per-recruit models.Fisheries Research,32(1):1-11.
Brouwer S L,Griffi ths M H.2005.Reproductive biology of carpenter seabream(Argyrozona argyrozona)(Pisces:Sparidae)in a marine protected area.Fishery Bulletin,103(2):258-269.
Bureau of Aquatic Products.1995.Fishes and Fish Resources in Xizang,China.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Cao W X,Chen Y Y,Wu Y F,Zhu S Q.1981.Origin and evolution of schizothoracine fi shes in relation to the upheaval of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.In:CAS ed.Studies on the Period,Amplitude and Type of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Science Press,Beijing,p.118-130.(in Chinese)
Chen F,Chen Y F,He D K.2009.Age and growth of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,86(1):155-162.
Chen Y,Paloheimo J E.1994.Estimating fi sh length and age at50%maturity using a logistic type model.Aquatic Sciences,56(3):206-219.
De Vlaming V L.1975.Eff ects of photoperiod and temperature on gonadal activity in the cyprinid teleost,Notemigonus crysoleucas.The Biological Bulletin,148(3):402-415.
Duan Y J,Xie C X,Zhou X J,Ma B S,Huo B.2014.Age and growth characteristics of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan,1905 in the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet,China.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,30(5):948-954.
He D K,Chen Y Y.2006.Biogeography and molecular phylogeny of the genus Schizothorax(Teleostei:Cyprinidae)in China inferred from cytochrome b sequence.Journal of Biogeogr,33(8):1448-1460.
Heath M R,Neat F C,Pinnegar J K,Reid D G,Sims D W,Wright P J.2012.Review of climate change impacts on marine fi sh and shellfi sh around the UK and Ireland.Aquati c Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,22(3):337-367.
Hotos G N,Avramidou D,Ondrias I.2000.Reproduction biology of Liza aurata(Risso,1810),(Pisces Mugilidae)in the lagoon of Klisova(Messolonghi,W.Greece).Fisheries Research,47(1):57-67.
Huo B,Xie C X,Ma B S,Yang X F,Huang H P.2012.Age and Growth of Oxygymnocypris stewartii(Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae)in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet,China.Zool ogical Stud ies,51(2):185-194.
Huo B,Xie C X,Ma B S,Yang X F,Huang H P.2013.Reproductive biology of Oxygymnocypris stewartii in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,96(4):481-493.
J?rgensen T.1990.Long-term changes in age at sexual maturity of Northeast Arctic cod(Gadus morhua L.).ICES J ournal of Marine S cience,46(3):235-248.
Li X Q,Chen Y F.2009.Age structure,growth and mortality estimates of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon(Regan,1905)(Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae)in the Lhasa River,Tibet.Environmental Biology of Fishes,86(1):97-105.
Ma B S,Xie C X,Huo B,Yang X F,Chen S S.2012.Reproductive biology of Schizothorax o’connori(cyprinidae:schizothoracinae)in the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet.Zool ogical Stud ies,51(7):1 066-1 076.
Ma B S,Xie C X,Huo B,Yang X F,Li P.2011.Age validation,and comparison of otolith,vertebra and opercular bone for estimating age of Schizothorax o’connori in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet.Environmental Biology of Fishes,90(2):159-169.
Murua H,Saborido-Rey F.2003.Female reproductive strategies of marine fi sh species of the North Atlantic.J ournal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery S cience,33(1):23-31.
Papoulias D M,Chapman D,Tillitt D E.2006.Reproductive condition and occurrence of intersex in bighead carp and silver carp in the Missouri River.Hydrobiologia,571(1):355-360.
Pawson M G,Pickett G D,Witthames P R.2000.The infl uence of temperature on the onset of fi rst maturity in sea bass.Journal of Fish Biology,56(2):319-327.
Peter R E,Crim L W.1979.Reproductive endocrinology of fi shes:gonadal cycles and gonadotropin in teleosts.Ann ual Rev iew of Physiol ogy,41(1):323-335.
Qiu H,Chen Y F.2009.Age and growth of Schizothorax waltoni in the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet,China.Ichthyol ogical Res earch,56(3):260-265.
Rutaisire J,Booth A J.2005.Reproductive biology of ningu,Labeo victorianus(Pisces:Cyprinidae),in the Kagera and Sio Rivers,Uganda.Environmental Biology of Fishes,73(2):153-162.
Somerton D A.1980.A computer technique for estimating the size of sexual maturity in crabs.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,37(10):1 488-1 494.
Tarkan A S.2006.Reproductive ecology of two cyprinid fi shes in an oligotrophic lake near the southern limits of their distribution range.Ecol ogy of Freshwater Fish,15(2):131-138.
Williamson C J,Garvey J E.2005.Growth,fecundity,and diets of newly established silver carp in the middle Mississippi River.T ransactions of the American Fisheries Society,134(6):1 423-1 430.
Winemiller K O.1992.Life-history strategies and the eff ectiveness of sexual selection.Oikos,63(2):318-327.
Wootton R J.1999.Ecology of Teleost Fishes.2 nd edn.Springer,Netherlands,392p.
Wu Y F,Tan Q J.1991.Characteristics of the fi sh-fauna of the characteristics of Qinghai-Xizang plateau and its geological distribution and formation.Acta Zool ogica Si nica,37(2):135-152.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu J.2011.Early development of four Schizothoraeinae fi shes in the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet.Master?s thesis,Huazhong Agricultural Univ.,Wuhan,China.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yoneda M,Wright P J.2005.Eff ects of varying temperature and food availability on growth and reproduction in fi rsttime spawning female Atlantic cod.Journal of Fish Biology,67(5):1225-1241.
Zhou X J,Xie C X,Huo B,Duan Y J,Yang X,Ma B S.2015.Reproductive biology of Schizothorax waltoni(cyprinidae:schizothoracinae)in the Yarlung Zangbo river in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,98(2):597-609.
Bagenal T B,Braum E.1978.Eggs and early life history.In:Bagenal T B ed.Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Fresh Waters.Blackwell Scientifi c Publications,Oxford.p.165-201.
Booth A J,Buxton C D.1997.Management of the panga Pterogymnus laniarius(Pisces:Sparidae)on the Agulhas Bank,South Africa using per-recruit models.Fisheries Research,32(1):1-11.
Brouwer S L,Griffi ths M H.2005.Reproductive biology of carpenter seabream(Argyrozona argyrozona)(Pisces:Sparidae)in a marine protected area.Fishery Bulletin,103(2):258-269.
Bureau of Aquatic Products.1995.Fishes and Fish Resources in Xizang,China.China Agriculture Press,Beijing.(in Chinese)
Cao W X,Chen Y Y,Wu Y F,Zhu S Q.1981.Origin and evolution of schizothoracine fi shes in relation to the upheaval of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.In:CAS ed.Studies on the Period,Amplitude and Type of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Science Press,Beijing,p.118-130.(in Chinese)
Chen F,Chen Y F,He D K.2009.Age and growth of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,86(1):155-162.
Chen Y,Paloheimo J E.1994.Estimating fi sh length and age at50%maturity using a logistic type model.Aquatic Sciences,56(3):206-219.
De Vlaming V L.1975.Eff ects of photoperiod and temperature on gonadal activity in the cyprinid teleost,Notemigonus crysoleucas.The Biological Bulletin,148(3):402-415.
Duan Y J,Xie C X,Zhou X J,Ma B S,Huo B.2014.Age and growth characteristics of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Regan,1905 in the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet,China.Journal of Applied Ichthyology,30(5):948-954.
He D K,Chen Y Y.2006.Biogeography and molecular phylogeny of the genus Schizothorax(Teleostei:Cyprinidae)in China inferred from cytochrome b sequence.Journal of Biogeogr,33(8):1448-1460.
Heath M R,Neat F C,Pinnegar J K,Reid D G,Sims D W,Wright P J.2012.Review of climate change impacts on marine fi sh and shellfi sh around the UK and Ireland.Aquati c Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,22(3):337-367.
Hotos G N,Avramidou D,Ondrias I.2000.Reproduction biology of Liza aurata(Risso,1810),(Pisces Mugilidae)in the lagoon of Klisova(Messolonghi,W.Greece).Fisheries Research,47(1):57-67.
Huo B,Xie C X,Ma B S,Yang X F,Huang H P.2012.Age and Growth of Oxygymnocypris stewartii(Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae)in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet,China.Zool ogical Stud ies,51(2):185-194.
Huo B,Xie C X,Ma B S,Yang X F,Huang H P.2013.Reproductive biology of Oxygymnocypris stewartii in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,96(4):481-493.
J?rgensen T.1990.Long-term changes in age at sexual maturity of Northeast Arctic cod(Gadus morhua L.).ICES J ournal of Marine S cience,46(3):235-248.
Li X Q,Chen Y F.2009.Age structure,growth and mortality estimates of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon(Regan,1905)(Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae)in the Lhasa River,Tibet.Environmental Biology of Fishes,86(1):97-105.
Ma B S,Xie C X,Huo B,Yang X F,Chen S S.2012.Reproductive biology of Schizothorax o’connori(cyprinidae:schizothoracinae)in the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet.Zool ogical Stud ies,51(7):1 066-1 076.
Ma B S,Xie C X,Huo B,Yang X F,Li P.2011.Age validation,and comparison of otolith,vertebra and opercular bone for estimating age of Schizothorax o’connori in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet.Environmental Biology of Fishes,90(2):159-169.
Murua H,Saborido-Rey F.2003.Female reproductive strategies of marine fi sh species of the North Atlantic.J ournal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery S cience,33(1):23-31.
Papoulias D M,Chapman D,Tillitt D E.2006.Reproductive condition and occurrence of intersex in bighead carp and silver carp in the Missouri River.Hydrobiologia,571(1):355-360.
Pawson M G,Pickett G D,Witthames P R.2000.The infl uence of temperature on the onset of fi rst maturity in sea bass.Journal of Fish Biology,56(2):319-327.
Peter R E,Crim L W.1979.Reproductive endocrinology of fi shes:gonadal cycles and gonadotropin in teleosts.Ann ual Rev iew of Physiol ogy,41(1):323-335.
Qiu H,Chen Y F.2009.Age and growth of Schizothorax waltoni in the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet,China.Ichthyol ogical Res earch,56(3):260-265.
Rutaisire J,Booth A J.2005.Reproductive biology of ningu,Labeo victorianus(Pisces:Cyprinidae),in the Kagera and Sio Rivers,Uganda.Environmental Biology of Fishes,73(2):153-162.
Somerton D A.1980.A computer technique for estimating the size of sexual maturity in crabs.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,37(10):1 488-1 494.
Tarkan A S.2006.Reproductive ecology of two cyprinid fi shes in an oligotrophic lake near the southern limits of their distribution range.Ecol ogy of Freshwater Fish,15(2):131-138.
Williamson C J,Garvey J E.2005.Growth,fecundity,and diets of newly established silver carp in the middle Mississippi River.T ransactions of the American Fisheries Society,134(6):1 423-1 430.
Winemiller K O.1992.Life-history strategies and the eff ectiveness of sexual selection.Oikos,63(2):318-327.
Wootton R J.1999.Ecology of Teleost Fishes.2 nd edn.Springer,Netherlands,392p.
Wu Y F,Tan Q J.1991.Characteristics of the fi sh-fauna of the characteristics of Qinghai-Xizang plateau and its geological distribution and formation.Acta Zool ogica Si nica,37(2):135-152.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu J.2011.Early development of four Schizothoraeinae fi shes in the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet.Master?s thesis,Huazhong Agricultural Univ.,Wuhan,China.(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yoneda M,Wright P J.2005.Eff ects of varying temperature and food availability on growth and reproduction in fi rsttime spawning female Atlantic cod.Journal of Fish Biology,67(5):1225-1241.
Zhou X J,Xie C X,Huo B,Duan Y J,Yang X,Ma B S.2015.Reproductive biology of Schizothorax waltoni(cyprinidae:schizothoracinae)in the Yarlung Zangbo river in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,98(2):597-609.