游客选择在线短租住宿的动机研究
|
摘要
在线短租将个人闲置房屋通过网络匹配给有住宿需要的游客,使有限的资源得以髙效利用。这种新型的住宿形式不仅为游客带来了个性化体验,为房东创造了利润,也为旅游住宿服务业注入了新的活力。为了揭示游客选择在线短租动机的一般性与特殊性,本文借助网络爬虫技术,通过抓取爱彼迎(Airbnb)在线短租平台上的游客的在线评论数据,运用内容分析法对上述在线评论文本进行了细致的分析,结果发现:(1)游客在选择在线短租时具有与选择传统酒店相似的一般性动机,他们非常关注房源的"价格实惠性、环境优越性、服务友好性、设施舒适性、住宿保障性";(2)游客选择在线短租的动机也有其特殊性,包含了类家性、社交性和原真性三大类动机。综合来看,本文的研究结果不仅为丰富和发展在线短租理论夯实了基础,而且为提升在线短租经营与管理效果提供了理论依据。
Home-sharing accommodation matches private vacant houses to the tourists who have accommodation needs and wants through the network,and as a result,these vacant houses can be effectively utilized.As a new form of accommodation with internet plus,home-sharing accommodation not only provides visitors with a series of unique and personalized experiences,but also creates profits for all landlords.In fact,home-sharing accommodation injects a new vitality into the tourism industry.It is a remarkable fact that home-sharing accommodation is centering residential services which are concentrating on more family atmosphere,more profound humanistic feelings and making some like-minded friends.That is to say,while tourists who want to choose home-sharing accommodation,they not only pay attention to the traditional accommodation needs,but also pursuit the tourism experiences on a deeper level.To some extents,these needs and wants make tourists' motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation more multi-dimensional.As literature review shows that,previous studies might be able to summarize tourists' general motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation based on traditional accommodation conditions,as well as to summarize those specific motivations of home-sharing accommodation which are different from other forms of travel accommodation.However,the results in present studies are not only dispersive,but also unsystematic.Meanwhile,these studies mainly use qualitative method,and there are few of quantitative studies.Therefore,to discover the generality and particularity of tourists' motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation becomes necessary.And then,web crawling technology is used to grab online comments from the Airbnb home-sharing accommodation platform,and content analysis method is used to analyze these data generated by visitors themselves.Finally,two main results have been found as follows.On the one hand,while tourists want to choose home-sharing accommodation,they have some general motivations which is similar to those motivations arising in the choice of traditional hotels,and these general motivations are concerned with attributes of a vacant house such as accommodation price,environment,service attitude,accommodation facilities,as well as safety and hygiene.On the other hand,there are some specific motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation.As a whole,there are three forms of motivations such as home-like,interaction and authenticity.Firstly,home-like enables tourists to have the atmosphere as warm as a home in the process of living the home-sharing accommodation.Secondly,interaction reveals that tourists hope to improve people-to-people interactions and obtain all sorts of travel guides and suggestions when the landlord and tourist live together and share one living space.Thirdly,authenticity reflects that home-sharing accommodation offers tourists an opportunity to appreciate local history,customs and life styles as a native.In a comprehensive view,all results of this research lay a solid foundation to enrich and develop the theory of home-sharing accommodation.In order to make future research more scientific and persuasive,a general framework is sets up to explore the consumptive characteristics of tourists in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation.As a result,this framework can help landlords and home-sharing accommodation platforms to make targeted marketing strategy more effectively and efficiently.
Home-sharing accommodation matches private vacant houses to the tourists who have accommodation needs and wants through the network,and as a result,these vacant houses can be effectively utilized.As a new form of accommodation with internet plus,home-sharing accommodation not only provides visitors with a series of unique and personalized experiences,but also creates profits for all landlords.In fact,home-sharing accommodation injects a new vitality into the tourism industry.It is a remarkable fact that home-sharing accommodation is centering residential services which are concentrating on more family atmosphere,more profound humanistic feelings and making some like-minded friends.That is to say,while tourists who want to choose home-sharing accommodation,they not only pay attention to the traditional accommodation needs,but also pursuit the tourism experiences on a deeper level.To some extents,these needs and wants make tourists' motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation more multi-dimensional.As literature review shows that,previous studies might be able to summarize tourists' general motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation based on traditional accommodation conditions,as well as to summarize those specific motivations of home-sharing accommodation which are different from other forms of travel accommodation.However,the results in present studies are not only dispersive,but also unsystematic.Meanwhile,these studies mainly use qualitative method,and there are few of quantitative studies.Therefore,to discover the generality and particularity of tourists' motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation becomes necessary.And then,web crawling technology is used to grab online comments from the Airbnb home-sharing accommodation platform,and content analysis method is used to analyze these data generated by visitors themselves.Finally,two main results have been found as follows.On the one hand,while tourists want to choose home-sharing accommodation,they have some general motivations which is similar to those motivations arising in the choice of traditional hotels,and these general motivations are concerned with attributes of a vacant house such as accommodation price,environment,service attitude,accommodation facilities,as well as safety and hygiene.On the other hand,there are some specific motivations in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation.As a whole,there are three forms of motivations such as home-like,interaction and authenticity.Firstly,home-like enables tourists to have the atmosphere as warm as a home in the process of living the home-sharing accommodation.Secondly,interaction reveals that tourists hope to improve people-to-people interactions and obtain all sorts of travel guides and suggestions when the landlord and tourist live together and share one living space.Thirdly,authenticity reflects that home-sharing accommodation offers tourists an opportunity to appreciate local history,customs and life styles as a native.In a comprehensive view,all results of this research lay a solid foundation to enrich and develop the theory of home-sharing accommodation.In order to make future research more scientific and persuasive,a general framework is sets up to explore the consumptive characteristics of tourists in decision-making of home-sharing accommodation.As a result,this framework can help landlords and home-sharing accommodation platforms to make targeted marketing strategy more effectively and efficiently.
引文
[1]Zervas,G.,D.Proserpio,and J.W.Byers.The Rise of the Sharing Economy: Estimating the Impact of Airbnb on the Hotel Industry[J].Journal of Marketing Research,2014,4,(5):687-705.
[2]Edelman,B.,M.Luca,and D.Svirsky.Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from a Field Experiment[J].American Economic Journal Applied Economics,2017,9,(2):1-22.
[3]Abrahao,B.,P.Parigi,and A.Gupta.Reputation Offsets Trust Judgments Based on Social Biases among Airbnb Users[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2017,114,(37):9848-9853.
[4]Gurran,N.,and P.Phibbs.When Tourists Move in:How should Urban Planners Respond to Airbnb?[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2017,83,(1):80-92.
[5]Lutz,C.,and G.Newlands.Consumer Segmentation within the Sharing Economy:The Case of Airbnb[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,88,(7):187-196.
[6]凌超,张赞.“分享经济”在中国的发展路径研究——以在线短租为例[J].南京:现代管理科学,2014,(10):36-38.
[7]Guttentag,D.Airbnb:Disruptive Innovation and the Rise of an Informal Tourism Accommodation Sector[J].Current Issues in Tourism,2015,18,(12):1192-1217.
[8]Tussyadiah,I.,and P.F.Zach.Identifying Salient Attributes of Peer-to-peer Accommodation Experience[J].Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2016,12,(10):1-17.
[9]Fang,B.,Q.Ye,and R.Law.Effect of Sharing Economy on Tourism Industry Employment[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2016,(54):264-267.
[10]Prayag,G.,and L.Ozanne.A Systematic Review of Peer-to-peer Accommodation Sharing Research from 2010 to 2016: Progress and Prospects from the Multi-level Perspective[J].Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management,2018,(9):1-30.
[11]王琛.在线短租行业风险投资IPO退出方式可行性研究——以“小猪短租”网站为例[J].济南:山东社会科学,2016,(1):255-256.
[12]宋琳.不同运营模式下在线短租经济的博弈行为分析[J].济南:东岳论丛,2018,(2):96-104.
[13]Hamari,J.,M.Sjöklint,and A.Ukkonen.The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2016,67,(9):2047-2059.
[14]Oskam,J.,and A.Boswijk.Airbnb: the Future of Networked Hospitality Businesses[J].Journal of Tourism Futures,2016,2,(1):22-42.
[15]Demary,V.Stepping Up the Game-the Role of Innovation in the Sharing Economy[R].Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft,2017.
[16]Clow,K,E.,J.A.Garretson,and D.L.Kurtz.An Exploratory Study into the Purchase Decision Process Used by Leisure Travelers in Hotel Selection[J].Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing,1994,(4):53-71.
[17]Dolnicar,S.Business.Travelers’ Hotel Expectations and Disappointments:a Different Perspective to Hotel Attribute Importance Investigation[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2002,7,(1):29-35.
[18]Lockyer,C.,and D.Scholarios.Selecting Hotel Staff: Why Best Practice does not Always Work[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2004,16,(2):125- 135.
[19]Chu,R,K.,and T.Choi.An Importance-Performance Analysis of Hotel Selection Factors in the Hong Kong Hotel Industry:a Comparison of Business and Leisure Travelers[J].Tourism Management,2000,21,(4):363-377.
[20]Tussyadiah,I,P.An Exploratory Study on Drivers and Deterrents of Collaborative Consumption in Travel[M].Springer International Publishing,2015.
[21]Ting,D.Airbnb is Becoming an Even Bigger Threat to Hotels Says a New Report Skift[EB/OL].(2017-01-16)[2018-03-08]https://skift.com/2017/01/04/airbnb-is-becoming- an-even-bigger-threat-to-hotels-says-a-new-report/.
[22]Roelofsen,M.Performing “Home” in the Sharing Economies of Tourism: The Airbnb Experience in Sofia,Bulgaria[J].Fennia,2018,196,(1):24-42.
[23]Larsen,J.De-exoticizing Tourist Travel: Everyday Life and Sociality on the Move[J].Leisure Studies,2008,27,(1):21-34.
[24]罗佳丽,张敏.青年类家消费空间的生产——家的批判地理学视角与YOU+青年社区案例[J].西安:人文地理,2017,(6):56-64.
[25]Haldrup,M.,and J.Larsen.Material Cultures of Tourism[J].Leisure Studies,2006,25,(3):275-289.
[26]Cristoforetti,A.,F.Gennai,and G.Rodeschini.Home Sweet Home: the Emotional Construction of Places[J].Journal of Aging Studies,2011,25,(3):225-232.
[27]Guttentag,D.,S.Smith,and L.Potwarka.Why Tourists Choose Airbnb: A Motivation-based Segmentation Study[J].Journal of Travel Research,2016,57,(3):342-359.
[28]Johnson,A,G.,and B.Neuhofer.Airbnb-An Exploration of Value Co-creation Experiences in Jamaica[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2017,29,(1):2361-2376.
[29]张机,徐红罡.民族餐馆里的主客互动过程研究——以丽江白沙村为例[J].北京:旅游学刊,2016,(2):97-108.
[30]谢彦君.旅游交往问题初探[J].北京:旅游学刊,1999,(4):57-60.
[31]段圣奎,张丽,姜辽.沙发客与沙主旅游交往行为研究[J].上海:旅游科学,2015,(3):49-58.
[32]Stors,N.,and A.Kagermeier.Motives for Using Airbnb in Metropolitan Tourism-why do People Sleep in the Bed of a Stranger?[J].Regions Magazine,2015,299,(1):17-19.
[33]Camilleri,J.,and B.Neuhofer.Value Co-creation and Co-destruction in the Airbnb Sharing Economy[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2017,29,(9):2322-2340.
[34]焦彦,臧德霞.现代性与真实性的结合:入境游客对旅游配套设施的体验研究[J].北京:旅游学刊,2015,(10):28-36.
[35]MacCannell,D.Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Settings[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973,79,(3):589-603.
[36]Paulauskaite,D.,R.Powell,and J.A.Stefaniak.Living Like a Local: Authentic Tourism Experiences and the Sharing Economy[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2017,19,(6):619-628.
[37]徐伟,王新新.旅游真实性感知及其与游客满意、行为意向的关系——以古村落旅游为例[J].北京:经济管理,2011,(4):111-117.
[38]Halewood,C.,and K.Hannam.Viking Heritage Tourism: Authenticity and Commodiflcation[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2001,28,(3):565-580.
[39]Buchmann,A.,K.Moore,and D.Fisher.Experiencing Film Tourism: Authenticity and Fellowship.Annals of Tourism Research,2010,37,(1):229-248.
[40]Daugstad,K.,and C.Kirchengast.Authenticity and the Pseudo-backstage of Agri-tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2013,(43):170-191.
[41]Cohen,E.Rethinking the Sociology of Tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1979,6,(1):18-35.
[42]焦彦,徐虹,徐明.游客对商业性家庭企业的住宿体验:从建构主义真实性到存在主义真实性——以台湾民宿住客的优质体验为例[J].西安:人文地理,2017,(6):129-136.
[43]Poon,K,Y.,and W.J.Huang.Past Experience,Traveler Personality and Trip Graphics on Intention to Use Airbnb[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2017,29,(9):2425-2443.
[44]So,K,F.,H.Oh,and S.Min.Motivations and Constraints of Airbnb Consumers: Findings from a Mixed-methods Approach[J].Tourism Management,2018,(67):224-236.
[45]张起.互联网创业:思维、方法、技巧与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016.
[46]Sullivan,T,J.Methods of Social Research[M].Orlando,Harcourt College Publishers,2001.
[47]Stemler,S.An Overview of Content Analysis[J].Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation,2001,7,(17):137-146.
[48]肖亮,赵黎明.互联网传播的台湾旅游目的地形象——基于两岸相关网站的内容分析[J].北京:旅游学刊,2009,(3):75-81.
[49]吴晋峰,王阿敏,王君怡.旅游目的地形象的群体差异研究——本地人、已游客和未游客的比较[J].北京:经济管理,2017,(5):130-145.
[50]张运来,李跃东.基于内容分析法的老年人旅游动机研究[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(5):101-106.
[51]王丽丽,吕巍,余娜,江麟.关于内容分析方法对中国旅行社网站营销效果的研究——以国内44家旅行社网站为例[J].上海管理科学,2008,(5):40-47.
[52]Decrop,A.,G.D.Chiappa,and J.Mallargé,et al.Couchsurfing has Made Me a Better Person and the World a Better Place: The Transformative Power of Collaborative Tourism Experiences[J].Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2018,35,(1):57-72.
[53]Robins,D,M.,C.R.Sanders,and S.E.Cahill.Dogs and their People: Pet-facilitated Interaction in a Public Setting[J].Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,1991,20,(1):3-25.
①艾瑞咨询.2017年中国在线短租行业研究报告[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2018-02-09].http://www.iresearch.com.cn/report/2944.html。
[2]Edelman,B.,M.Luca,and D.Svirsky.Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from a Field Experiment[J].American Economic Journal Applied Economics,2017,9,(2):1-22.
[3]Abrahao,B.,P.Parigi,and A.Gupta.Reputation Offsets Trust Judgments Based on Social Biases among Airbnb Users[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2017,114,(37):9848-9853.
[4]Gurran,N.,and P.Phibbs.When Tourists Move in:How should Urban Planners Respond to Airbnb?[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2017,83,(1):80-92.
[5]Lutz,C.,and G.Newlands.Consumer Segmentation within the Sharing Economy:The Case of Airbnb[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,88,(7):187-196.
[6]凌超,张赞.“分享经济”在中国的发展路径研究——以在线短租为例[J].南京:现代管理科学,2014,(10):36-38.
[7]Guttentag,D.Airbnb:Disruptive Innovation and the Rise of an Informal Tourism Accommodation Sector[J].Current Issues in Tourism,2015,18,(12):1192-1217.
[8]Tussyadiah,I.,and P.F.Zach.Identifying Salient Attributes of Peer-to-peer Accommodation Experience[J].Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2016,12,(10):1-17.
[9]Fang,B.,Q.Ye,and R.Law.Effect of Sharing Economy on Tourism Industry Employment[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2016,(54):264-267.
[10]Prayag,G.,and L.Ozanne.A Systematic Review of Peer-to-peer Accommodation Sharing Research from 2010 to 2016: Progress and Prospects from the Multi-level Perspective[J].Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management,2018,(9):1-30.
[11]王琛.在线短租行业风险投资IPO退出方式可行性研究——以“小猪短租”网站为例[J].济南:山东社会科学,2016,(1):255-256.
[12]宋琳.不同运营模式下在线短租经济的博弈行为分析[J].济南:东岳论丛,2018,(2):96-104.
[13]Hamari,J.,M.Sjöklint,and A.Ukkonen.The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2016,67,(9):2047-2059.
[14]Oskam,J.,and A.Boswijk.Airbnb: the Future of Networked Hospitality Businesses[J].Journal of Tourism Futures,2016,2,(1):22-42.
[15]Demary,V.Stepping Up the Game-the Role of Innovation in the Sharing Economy[R].Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft,2017.
[16]Clow,K,E.,J.A.Garretson,and D.L.Kurtz.An Exploratory Study into the Purchase Decision Process Used by Leisure Travelers in Hotel Selection[J].Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing,1994,(4):53-71.
[17]Dolnicar,S.Business.Travelers’ Hotel Expectations and Disappointments:a Different Perspective to Hotel Attribute Importance Investigation[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,2002,7,(1):29-35.
[18]Lockyer,C.,and D.Scholarios.Selecting Hotel Staff: Why Best Practice does not Always Work[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2004,16,(2):125- 135.
[19]Chu,R,K.,and T.Choi.An Importance-Performance Analysis of Hotel Selection Factors in the Hong Kong Hotel Industry:a Comparison of Business and Leisure Travelers[J].Tourism Management,2000,21,(4):363-377.
[20]Tussyadiah,I,P.An Exploratory Study on Drivers and Deterrents of Collaborative Consumption in Travel[M].Springer International Publishing,2015.
[21]Ting,D.Airbnb is Becoming an Even Bigger Threat to Hotels Says a New Report Skift[EB/OL].(2017-01-16)[2018-03-08]https://skift.com/2017/01/04/airbnb-is-becoming- an-even-bigger-threat-to-hotels-says-a-new-report/.
[22]Roelofsen,M.Performing “Home” in the Sharing Economies of Tourism: The Airbnb Experience in Sofia,Bulgaria[J].Fennia,2018,196,(1):24-42.
[23]Larsen,J.De-exoticizing Tourist Travel: Everyday Life and Sociality on the Move[J].Leisure Studies,2008,27,(1):21-34.
[24]罗佳丽,张敏.青年类家消费空间的生产——家的批判地理学视角与YOU+青年社区案例[J].西安:人文地理,2017,(6):56-64.
[25]Haldrup,M.,and J.Larsen.Material Cultures of Tourism[J].Leisure Studies,2006,25,(3):275-289.
[26]Cristoforetti,A.,F.Gennai,and G.Rodeschini.Home Sweet Home: the Emotional Construction of Places[J].Journal of Aging Studies,2011,25,(3):225-232.
[27]Guttentag,D.,S.Smith,and L.Potwarka.Why Tourists Choose Airbnb: A Motivation-based Segmentation Study[J].Journal of Travel Research,2016,57,(3):342-359.
[28]Johnson,A,G.,and B.Neuhofer.Airbnb-An Exploration of Value Co-creation Experiences in Jamaica[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2017,29,(1):2361-2376.
[29]张机,徐红罡.民族餐馆里的主客互动过程研究——以丽江白沙村为例[J].北京:旅游学刊,2016,(2):97-108.
[30]谢彦君.旅游交往问题初探[J].北京:旅游学刊,1999,(4):57-60.
[31]段圣奎,张丽,姜辽.沙发客与沙主旅游交往行为研究[J].上海:旅游科学,2015,(3):49-58.
[32]Stors,N.,and A.Kagermeier.Motives for Using Airbnb in Metropolitan Tourism-why do People Sleep in the Bed of a Stranger?[J].Regions Magazine,2015,299,(1):17-19.
[33]Camilleri,J.,and B.Neuhofer.Value Co-creation and Co-destruction in the Airbnb Sharing Economy[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2017,29,(9):2322-2340.
[34]焦彦,臧德霞.现代性与真实性的结合:入境游客对旅游配套设施的体验研究[J].北京:旅游学刊,2015,(10):28-36.
[35]MacCannell,D.Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Settings[J].American Journal of Sociology,1973,79,(3):589-603.
[36]Paulauskaite,D.,R.Powell,and J.A.Stefaniak.Living Like a Local: Authentic Tourism Experiences and the Sharing Economy[J].International Journal of Tourism Research,2017,19,(6):619-628.
[37]徐伟,王新新.旅游真实性感知及其与游客满意、行为意向的关系——以古村落旅游为例[J].北京:经济管理,2011,(4):111-117.
[38]Halewood,C.,and K.Hannam.Viking Heritage Tourism: Authenticity and Commodiflcation[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2001,28,(3):565-580.
[39]Buchmann,A.,K.Moore,and D.Fisher.Experiencing Film Tourism: Authenticity and Fellowship.Annals of Tourism Research,2010,37,(1):229-248.
[40]Daugstad,K.,and C.Kirchengast.Authenticity and the Pseudo-backstage of Agri-tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2013,(43):170-191.
[41]Cohen,E.Rethinking the Sociology of Tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1979,6,(1):18-35.
[42]焦彦,徐虹,徐明.游客对商业性家庭企业的住宿体验:从建构主义真实性到存在主义真实性——以台湾民宿住客的优质体验为例[J].西安:人文地理,2017,(6):129-136.
[43]Poon,K,Y.,and W.J.Huang.Past Experience,Traveler Personality and Trip Graphics on Intention to Use Airbnb[J].International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,2017,29,(9):2425-2443.
[44]So,K,F.,H.Oh,and S.Min.Motivations and Constraints of Airbnb Consumers: Findings from a Mixed-methods Approach[J].Tourism Management,2018,(67):224-236.
[45]张起.互联网创业:思维、方法、技巧与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016.
[46]Sullivan,T,J.Methods of Social Research[M].Orlando,Harcourt College Publishers,2001.
[47]Stemler,S.An Overview of Content Analysis[J].Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation,2001,7,(17):137-146.
[48]肖亮,赵黎明.互联网传播的台湾旅游目的地形象——基于两岸相关网站的内容分析[J].北京:旅游学刊,2009,(3):75-81.
[49]吴晋峰,王阿敏,王君怡.旅游目的地形象的群体差异研究——本地人、已游客和未游客的比较[J].北京:经济管理,2017,(5):130-145.
[50]张运来,李跃东.基于内容分析法的老年人旅游动机研究[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(5):101-106.
[51]王丽丽,吕巍,余娜,江麟.关于内容分析方法对中国旅行社网站营销效果的研究——以国内44家旅行社网站为例[J].上海管理科学,2008,(5):40-47.
[52]Decrop,A.,G.D.Chiappa,and J.Mallargé,et al.Couchsurfing has Made Me a Better Person and the World a Better Place: The Transformative Power of Collaborative Tourism Experiences[J].Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2018,35,(1):57-72.
[53]Robins,D,M.,C.R.Sanders,and S.E.Cahill.Dogs and their People: Pet-facilitated Interaction in a Public Setting[J].Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,1991,20,(1):3-25.
①艾瑞咨询.2017年中国在线短租行业研究报告[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2018-02-09].http://www.iresearch.com.cn/report/2944.html。