中亚阿拉木图与乌鲁木齐寒潮气候变化特征对比分析
|
摘要
利用1951—2016年阿拉木图与乌鲁木齐的逐日气象观测资料,对比分析中亚区域两个主要城市的寒潮气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)阿拉木图和乌鲁木齐的年寒潮过程频数分别为6.1次和4.2次,阿拉木图的寒潮过程较频繁;阿拉木图的寒潮过程年内分布呈单峰型,峰值在11月和12月,而乌鲁木齐的过程频数年内分布呈双峰型,分别出现在4月和11月;阿拉木图的冬半年寒潮过程初日和终日均比乌鲁木齐偏早9 d。(2)1951—2006年,阿拉木图和乌鲁木齐的年寒潮过程频数均呈线性减少趋势,阿拉木图的减少趋势更加显著;阿拉木图与乌鲁木齐的寒潮过程异常偏多年主要出现在1980年之前;阿拉木图的年寒潮过程频数存在21 a显著周期,乌鲁木齐存在39 a显著周期。(3)乌鲁木齐的寒潮过程最低气温低于阿拉木图,但是阿拉木图的寒潮过程降温幅度强于乌鲁木齐;56 a来,阿拉木图和乌鲁木齐的寒潮过程降温幅度的年累计值的变化率分别为-8.1℃/10 a和-5.9℃/10 a,相比而言,阿拉木图的寒潮过程强度的减弱趋势更加显著。
Based on the daily weather observing data from 1951 to 2016 in Almaty and Urumqi,the climate characteristics of cold wave in two major cities in Central Asia were analyzed. The results showed that the yearly frequency of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi were 6.1 and 4.2 times,respectively. The monthly frequency of cold wave in Almaty was unimodal,mainly concentrated in autumn and winter,while Urumqi was bimodal,concentrated in spring and autumn. The first and last days of cold wave in Almaty were 9 days earlier than Urumqi. From 1951 to 2006,the yearly frequency of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi showed a decreasing trend,while the decreasing trend in Almaty was more significant. Abnormal excessive generation of cold wave process in Almaty and Urumqi was mainly before 1980,and there was a 21 a significant cycle in Almaty and a 39 a significant cycle in Urumqi. During cold wave processes,the minimum air temperature in Urumqi was colder than Almaty,but the temperature drop range in Almaty was larger. Over the past 56 years,the cumulative value of temperature drop range of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi decreased by 8.1 days/10 years and 5.9 days/10 years,respectively. The change of cold wave intensity in Almaty and Urumqi showed a decreasing trend,and the change tendency in Almaty was more significant.
Based on the daily weather observing data from 1951 to 2016 in Almaty and Urumqi,the climate characteristics of cold wave in two major cities in Central Asia were analyzed. The results showed that the yearly frequency of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi were 6.1 and 4.2 times,respectively. The monthly frequency of cold wave in Almaty was unimodal,mainly concentrated in autumn and winter,while Urumqi was bimodal,concentrated in spring and autumn. The first and last days of cold wave in Almaty were 9 days earlier than Urumqi. From 1951 to 2006,the yearly frequency of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi showed a decreasing trend,while the decreasing trend in Almaty was more significant. Abnormal excessive generation of cold wave process in Almaty and Urumqi was mainly before 1980,and there was a 21 a significant cycle in Almaty and a 39 a significant cycle in Urumqi. During cold wave processes,the minimum air temperature in Urumqi was colder than Almaty,but the temperature drop range in Almaty was larger. Over the past 56 years,the cumulative value of temperature drop range of cold wave in Almaty and Urumqi decreased by 8.1 days/10 years and 5.9 days/10 years,respectively. The change of cold wave intensity in Almaty and Urumqi showed a decreasing trend,and the change tendency in Almaty was more significant.
引文
[1]中国气象局政策法规司.气象标准汇编[M].北京:气象出版社,2008.
[2]张学文,张家宝.新疆气象手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:183-184.
[3]Lioubimtseva E,Henebry G M.Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia:Impacts,vulnerability,and adaptations[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(11):963-977.2922
[4]赵玉广,于长文,何丽华,等.河北省寒潮的气候特征与冬季增暖[J].干旱气象,2012,30(2):244-248.
[5]周伟东,马雷鸣,梁萍,等.上海地区冬季不同等级冷空气变化特征及其对风雨的影响[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):791-796.
[6]白松竹,博尔楠·哈不都拉,谢秀琴,等.气候变暖背景下阿勒泰地区寒潮活动变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(2):387-394.
[7]毛炜峄,陈颖.1951-2016年乌鲁木齐市寒潮过程频数及强度气候特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(3):403-411.
[8]郑玉萍,宫恒瑞.乌鲁木齐市寒潮气候特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(6):56-61.
[9]曹兴,毛炜峄.不同定义指标下的乌鲁木齐寒潮过程气候特征对比分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(3):31-37.
[10]毛炜峄,陈颖,曹兴,等.单站寒潮降温过程强度评估指标及其在乌鲁木齐市的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(5):139-146.
[11]IPCC.Climate Change 2007:Impacts,Adaptation,and Vulnerability[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[12]陈发虎,黄伟,靳立亚,等.全球变暖背景下中亚干旱区降水变化特征及其空间差异[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1647-1657.
[13]吉力力·阿布都外力,马龙.中亚环境概论[M].北京:气象出版社,2015.
[14]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.
[15]许月卿,李双成,蔡运龙.基于小波分析的河北平原降水变化规律研究[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(12):1176-1183.
[16]邵宇翔,李周.一次寒潮背景下降水相态变化特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):89-95.
[17]吕新生,万瑜,尹冰霞,等.新疆北部一次强寒潮天气特征及成因[J].干旱气象,2017,35(1):82-90.
[2]张学文,张家宝.新疆气象手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:183-184.
[3]Lioubimtseva E,Henebry G M.Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia:Impacts,vulnerability,and adaptations[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(11):963-977.2922
[4]赵玉广,于长文,何丽华,等.河北省寒潮的气候特征与冬季增暖[J].干旱气象,2012,30(2):244-248.
[5]周伟东,马雷鸣,梁萍,等.上海地区冬季不同等级冷空气变化特征及其对风雨的影响[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):791-796.
[6]白松竹,博尔楠·哈不都拉,谢秀琴,等.气候变暖背景下阿勒泰地区寒潮活动变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(2):387-394.
[7]毛炜峄,陈颖.1951-2016年乌鲁木齐市寒潮过程频数及强度气候特征[J].干旱气象,2016,34(3):403-411.
[8]郑玉萍,宫恒瑞.乌鲁木齐市寒潮气候特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(6):56-61.
[9]曹兴,毛炜峄.不同定义指标下的乌鲁木齐寒潮过程气候特征对比分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(3):31-37.
[10]毛炜峄,陈颖,曹兴,等.单站寒潮降温过程强度评估指标及其在乌鲁木齐市的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(5):139-146.
[11]IPCC.Climate Change 2007:Impacts,Adaptation,and Vulnerability[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[12]陈发虎,黄伟,靳立亚,等.全球变暖背景下中亚干旱区降水变化特征及其空间差异[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(11):1647-1657.
[13]吉力力·阿布都外力,马龙.中亚环境概论[M].北京:气象出版社,2015.
[14]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.
[15]许月卿,李双成,蔡运龙.基于小波分析的河北平原降水变化规律研究[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34(12):1176-1183.
[16]邵宇翔,李周.一次寒潮背景下降水相态变化特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(1):89-95.
[17]吕新生,万瑜,尹冰霞,等.新疆北部一次强寒潮天气特征及成因[J].干旱气象,2017,35(1):82-90.