新疆百里风区近地层垂直风切变指数特征
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摘要
采用新疆百里风区十三间房100 m高度铁塔2009年5月—2011年1月逐时5层测风十分钟平均风速资料,计算各层平均风速,利用最小二乘曲线拟合幂函数计算塔层高度整层的风切变指数(α),用幂函数公式直接计算各层间α值。取启动风速段(风速>3 m·s~(-1))和大风风速段(风速>13 m·s~(-1))2个风速段分别进行计算;分析了一日内各时次和整年各月α值变化规律。研究发现:启动风速段和大风风速段α平均分别为0.084 5和0.036 4,α与风速成反比关系;一日内9:00(北京时间,以下均同)日出后α值缓慢减小,16:00—21:00维持较小值,22:00后α快速增大,直到次日08:00维持较大值;11月—翌年2月α较大,其他月份显著变小,α值与太阳高度角成反比关系。
In this paper,From May 2009 to January 2011 the observation data of the average wind speed of each layer for 10 min are calculated by using the observation data of the 100 m wind tower at the Shisanjianfang Station in the 100-kilometer Wind Area,and the wind shear exponent(α)of the whole layer is calculated by using the method of the least squares curve fitting power function. The characteristics of the starting wind speed(wind speed > 3 m·s~(-1))and gale wind speed(wind speed >13 m·s~(-1)),the whole wind speed section and the α value of each layer are analyzed by using the power function formula. Besides,the daily and monthly variation rules of α value are analyzed. The results show that the average α of starting wind speed is 0.084 5 and that of windy wind speed is0.036 4. The α value of the latter is smaller. In daytime,the α value at 9:00(Beijing time) slowly decreases,maintains a smaller value during16:00-21:00,but rapidly increases at 22:00,maintaining a larger value until 08:00. For a yearly scale,the α value in late autumn November and the winter months from December to February is larger than that in other months.
In this paper,From May 2009 to January 2011 the observation data of the average wind speed of each layer for 10 min are calculated by using the observation data of the 100 m wind tower at the Shisanjianfang Station in the 100-kilometer Wind Area,and the wind shear exponent(α)of the whole layer is calculated by using the method of the least squares curve fitting power function. The characteristics of the starting wind speed(wind speed > 3 m·s~(-1))and gale wind speed(wind speed >13 m·s~(-1)),the whole wind speed section and the α value of each layer are analyzed by using the power function formula. Besides,the daily and monthly variation rules of α value are analyzed. The results show that the average α of starting wind speed is 0.084 5 and that of windy wind speed is0.036 4. The α value of the latter is smaller. In daytime,the α value at 9:00(Beijing time) slowly decreases,maintains a smaller value during16:00-21:00,but rapidly increases at 22:00,maintaining a larger value until 08:00. For a yearly scale,the α value in late autumn November and the winter months from December to February is larger than that in other months.
引文
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[2]Wyngaard J C,Cote O R.,lzumiY.Localfree convection similarity and the budgets of shear stress and heat flux[J].J Atmos Sci,1971,28:11171-11182.
[3]Dyer A J,Bradley E F.An altemative analysis of flux gradient relationships at the 1976 ITCE[J].Bound Layer Meteor,1982,22:3-19.
[4]Nieuwstadt F T M.The turbulent structure of the stable noctumal boundary layer[J].J Atmos Sci,1984,41:2202-2216.
[5]Shao Y,Hacher J M.Local similarity relationships in a horizontal homogeneous boundary layer[J].Bound Layer Meteor,1990,52:17-40.
[6]胡隐樵,张强.论大气边界层的局地相似性[J].大气科学,1993,17(1):10-20.
[7]张强,胡隐樵.局地相似性在近地面层大气中的一个应用[J].气象学报,1994,52(2):212-222.
[8]王志春,宋丽莉,黄飞,等.沿海地区风速指数的计算[J].广东气象,2006,28(4):17-18.
[9]ZHANG GuangXing,ZHANG DaLin,SUN ShuFang.On the Orographically Generated Low-Level Easterly Jet and Severe Downslope Stor·of March 2006 over the Tacheng Basin of Northwest China[J].Mon Wea Rev,2018,146(6):1667-1683.
[10]杜燕军,冯长青.风切变指数在风电场风资源评估中的应用[J].电网与清洁源,2010,26(5):62-66.
[11]彭怀午,冯长青,包紫光.风资源评价中风切变指数的研究[J].可再生能源,2010,28(1):20-24.
[12]贺志明,聂秋生,刘熙明.鄱阳湖区近地层风能资源特征研究[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):184-191.
[13]郑新倩,彭冬梅,吴烨,等.巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖近地层湍流能谱特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(5):63-69.
[14]杨兴华,何清,阿吉古丽·沙依提,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴过程的大气边界层特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(6):11-15.
[15]胡义成,伊里哈木,王秋香,等.乌鲁木齐大气边界层风温垂直结构特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(3):44-49.
[16]黄景,徐伟萍,金小城.台州低空逆温层特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(2):113-118.
[17]金莉莉,李振杰,缪启龙,等.乌鲁木齐市近地层风切变指数特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(4):81-86.
[18]孙淑芳,张广兴,李曼.2014年4月22日新疆寒潮天气过程锋面结构演变特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2018,12(6):40-48.
[19]刘家强.兰新线百里风区沙害分析[J].中国西部科技,2008,7(4):43-44.
[20]唐士晟,史永革,张小勇.新疆铁路百里风区大风特征统计分析[J].铁道技术监督,2011,39(1):36-40.
[21]王敏仲.新疆百里风区大风天气的风廓线雷达资料分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2012,6(4):52-59.
[22]赵鸣,苗曼倩,王彦昌.边界层气象学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1991.
[23]建筑结构荷载规范(GB 50009-2001)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[24]风电场风能资源评估方法:GB/T18710-2002[S].http://www.freebz.net/.
[25]刘敏,孙杰,杨宏青,等.湖北省不同地形条件下风随高度变化研究[J].气象,2010,36(4):63-67.
[26]大气科学词典[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.
[27]李天然,罗森波,林良根,等.广州城市大气边界层的气象特征[C]//第26届中国气象学会年会气候资源应用研究分会场论文集,2009:40-55.
[28]植石群,钱光明,罗金玲.广东省沿海风随高度变化研究[J].热带地理,2001,21(2):131-134.
[29]郭晓宁,保广裕,郑玲,等.格尔木光伏电站周边区域太阳辐射特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(6):47-52.