半杯勺式马铃薯排种器的设计与试验
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摘要
排种器作为马铃薯机械化播种的关键部件,其目前仍存在重漏指数高、作业效率低、劳动强度大且适应性差等问题,针对以上问题,本研究设计了一种排种链呈三角形布置、取种勺为半杯勺式的新型马铃薯排种器。结合农艺要求和理论分析,对排种器的关键部件进行结构设计;搭建了试验台架,对排种器的排种性能进行试验,以主动轮转速、清种角度、杯勺大小为试验因素,排种性能为试验指标进行正交试验,分析相关因素对排种性能的影响,并得到合理的参数组合。结果表明,主动轮转速为37.5r/min,清种角度为-5°,杯勺选取大号杯勺时,排种器合格指数为93.74%,重种指数为3.99%,漏种指数为2.27%,排种性能较好。
Metering device as key components of potato mechanization planting has problems including the high multiple index and missing index,heavy manual labor intensity,poor universality and other problems.A new type potato seed-metering device with triangular chain and half-cup was designed.The main structure,working principle and related parameters of the device was introduced in detail.An orthogonal experiment was carried out to understand factors including the driving wheel speed,the inclination of the seed-clearing device and the size of cup affect the performance of the seed-metering device.The parameters were optimized and verified.The results showed that the best performance was obtained when the revolving speed of the driving pulley was 37.5 r/min,the inclination of the seed-clearing device was-5°with the biggest size of cup.The qualified index,the multiple index and the missing index is 93.74%,3.99%,and 2.27%,respectively.The performance of metering device under the condition can meet working performance requirements of the potato seeder.It will provide a theoretical and technical reference for studying and designing seed-metering device of potato seeder.
Metering device as key components of potato mechanization planting has problems including the high multiple index and missing index,heavy manual labor intensity,poor universality and other problems.A new type potato seed-metering device with triangular chain and half-cup was designed.The main structure,working principle and related parameters of the device was introduced in detail.An orthogonal experiment was carried out to understand factors including the driving wheel speed,the inclination of the seed-clearing device and the size of cup affect the performance of the seed-metering device.The parameters were optimized and verified.The results showed that the best performance was obtained when the revolving speed of the driving pulley was 37.5 r/min,the inclination of the seed-clearing device was-5°with the biggest size of cup.The qualified index,the multiple index and the missing index is 93.74%,3.99%,and 2.27%,respectively.The performance of metering device under the condition can meet working performance requirements of the potato seeder.It will provide a theoretical and technical reference for studying and designing seed-metering device of potato seeder.
引文
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[2]佚名.我国决定将马铃薯作为主粮进行产业开发[J].四川农业科技,2016(3):26.
[3]吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.马铃薯机械发展现状、存在问题及发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2015,37(12):258-263.
[4]刘文政,何进,李学强,等.马铃薯播种机具研究进展[J].农机化研究,2018,40(4):7-13.
[5]周桂霞,张国庆,张义峰,等.2CM-2型马铃薯播种机的设计[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2004,16(3):53-56.
[6]高明全,张旭东,刘维佳,等.2CM-2型马铃薯播种机关键部件的设计[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(2):237-240.
[7]李成松,冯玉磊,坎杂,等.单行悬挂式马铃薯施肥种植机的研制[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(6):369-371.
[8]王殿忠.马铃薯播种机排薯器设计[J].农业科技与装备,2014(4):31-33.
[9]杜宏伟,尚书旗,杨然兵,等.我国马铃薯机械化播种排种技术研究与分析[J].农机化研究,2011,33(2):214-217.
[10]BUITENWERF H,HOOGMOED W B,LERINK P,et al.Assessment of the behaviour of potatoes in cup-belt planter[J].Biosystems engineering,2006,95(1):35-41.
[11]GULATI S,SINGH M.Design and development of a manually drawn cup type potato planter[J].Indian potato assoc,2003,30(1/2):61-62.
[12]谢敬波.脱毒微型马铃薯排种器设计与试验研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[13]刘卫平.黑龙江省马铃薯脱毒种薯繁育发展现状与对策研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[14]李明金,许春林,李连豪,等.2CM-4型马铃薯播种施肥联合作业机的研制[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2012,24(1):14-16.
[15]杨金砖,吕金庆,李晓明,等.2CMF-4型悬挂式马铃薯种植机的研究[J].农机化研究,2010,32(1):127-130.
[16]刘全威.马铃薯播种机播种监测与漏播补偿系统的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013.
[17]刘全威,吴建民,王蒂,等.马铃薯播种机的研究现状及进展[J].农机化研究,2013,35(6):238-241.
[18]杨钦寿.马铃薯种植机升运种子装置存在的问题浅析[J].机械工业标准化与质量,2014(9):35-37.
[19]闫志山.哈尔滨近郊早熟马铃薯高效种植技术研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2006.
[20]刘曙光,尚书旗,杨然兵,等.小区播种机充种装置工作性能试验[J].中国农业大学学报,2011,16(3):156-163.
[21]王凤,刘峰,管洪波,等.吉林省中部地区马铃薯中棚种植试验[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(2):76-79.
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.种植机械马铃薯种植机试验方法:GB/T 6242—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[23]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.单粒(精密)播种机试验方法:GB/T 6973—2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[24]丁幼春,王雪玲,廖庆喜,等.基于时间间隔的多路精量排种器性能检测系统设计与试验(英文)[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):11-18.
[25]丁幼春,王雪玲,廖庆喜,等.基于时变窗口的油菜精量排种器漏播实时检测方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(24):11-21.
[26]陶菊春,吴建民.综合加权评分法的综合权重确定新探[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001(8):43-48.
[27]吴建民.综合加权评分法的研究[J].农业机械学报,1993,24(2):66-70.