气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器设计
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摘要
针对勺带式排种器播种前进速度进一步提高的限制以及气吸式排种器播种马铃薯所需功耗较大等问题,设计了一种气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器。气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器主要由滚筒、托勺、种箱、空心轴、气压隔板、压缩弹簧、链轮、清种气管等部件组成。通过理论分析与计算,确定了排种器关键部件参数。为了确定气力托勺式马铃薯精量排种器作业的优化参数,以负压、清种风速、型孔直径、滚筒转速为试验因素,以漏播率、合格率为试验指标,采用Box-Behnken试验设计原理进行了排种器性能试验,得到影响漏播率和合格率的主次顺序为负压、滚筒转速、型孔直径和清种风速。利用数据处理软件Design Expert 8.0.6进行参数优化,以漏播率、合格率为试验指标,得出负压为8.92 kPa,清种风速为32.25 m/s,型孔直径为18.34 mm,滚筒转速为19.92 r/min时,模型预测的漏播率为3.64%,合格率为91.9%。经过试验验证,与优化结果基本一致。论文相关研究可为马铃薯精量播种技术的研究提供参考。
Aiming at the limitation of further improving the advance speed of the cup-belt metering device and the large power consumption of the pneumatic seed-metering device in planting potatoes, a kind of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device was designed. Precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato was mainly composed of roller, cup, seed box, hollow shaft, pneumatic separator, compression spring, sprocket, seed clearing air tube and other components. The negative pressure air flow entered the air chamber formed by the roller through the hollow shaft at work. The roller rotated by the power provided by the sprocket, which drove the cup to rotate and take seeds from the seed box. The seed potato was adsorbed on the cup by the support force provided by the cup and the adsorption force provided by the negative pressure to complete the seed filling process, and the cup stirred the seed potato layer at the same time to avoid the overhead phenomenon of the seed potatoes. The seed potato continued to move with the roller by the carriage of the cup and the air flow. When the number of seed potatoes taken by the cup was more than one, the excess seed potato was blown off by the positive pressure air flow and the cleaning process was completed. The seed potato moved gradually to the planting area with the roller by the combined action of negative pressure air flow and supporting cup. The air flow was blocked by the pneumatic separator from the inside of the roller, and the negative pressure adsorption force of the seed potato disappeared. The seed potato fell into the furrow formed by the furrow opener under the action of gravity. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, parameters of key parts of seed-metering device were determined. The range of negative pressure needed by seed-metering device was determined by theoretical calculation and experiments. It was carried out that the hole diameter and the size of the cup were designed and calculated. In order to obtain the optimum parameters of groove angle and the movement of seed potatoes in the seed filling process, the simulation experiment was carried out by using the discrete element simulation software EDEM. It was determined that the missed filling rate of the cup was low when the groove angle was at 62°. The structural parameters of the roller, the number of cups and the installation parameters of the seed clearing air tube were determined by theoretical analysis. In order to determine the optimum operation parameters of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato, negative pressure, seed cleaning speed, hole diameter and rotational speed were taken as test factors, and the missing rate, qualified rate were taken as test indices. The performance test of the seed-metering device was carried out by Box-Behnken test method, and the effect of missing rate and qualified rate was obtained. The primary and secondary order of influence on missing rate and qualified rate were negative pressure, rotational speed, hole diameter and seed cleaning speed. The data processing software Design Expert 8.0.6 was used to optimize the parameters. With the missing rate, qualified rate as the test indices, the negative pressure was 8.92 kPa, the seed cleaning speed was 32.25 m/s, the hole diameter was 18.34 mm and the rotational speed was 19.92 r/min. The missing rate predicted by the model was 3.64% and the qualified rate was 91.9%. The experimental results showed that the results were consistent with the optimization results. The related research can provide reference for the research of precision sowing technology in potato.
Aiming at the limitation of further improving the advance speed of the cup-belt metering device and the large power consumption of the pneumatic seed-metering device in planting potatoes, a kind of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device was designed. Precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato was mainly composed of roller, cup, seed box, hollow shaft, pneumatic separator, compression spring, sprocket, seed clearing air tube and other components. The negative pressure air flow entered the air chamber formed by the roller through the hollow shaft at work. The roller rotated by the power provided by the sprocket, which drove the cup to rotate and take seeds from the seed box. The seed potato was adsorbed on the cup by the support force provided by the cup and the adsorption force provided by the negative pressure to complete the seed filling process, and the cup stirred the seed potato layer at the same time to avoid the overhead phenomenon of the seed potatoes. The seed potato continued to move with the roller by the carriage of the cup and the air flow. When the number of seed potatoes taken by the cup was more than one, the excess seed potato was blown off by the positive pressure air flow and the cleaning process was completed. The seed potato moved gradually to the planting area with the roller by the combined action of negative pressure air flow and supporting cup. The air flow was blocked by the pneumatic separator from the inside of the roller, and the negative pressure adsorption force of the seed potato disappeared. The seed potato fell into the furrow formed by the furrow opener under the action of gravity. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, parameters of key parts of seed-metering device were determined. The range of negative pressure needed by seed-metering device was determined by theoretical calculation and experiments. It was carried out that the hole diameter and the size of the cup were designed and calculated. In order to obtain the optimum parameters of groove angle and the movement of seed potatoes in the seed filling process, the simulation experiment was carried out by using the discrete element simulation software EDEM. It was determined that the missed filling rate of the cup was low when the groove angle was at 62°. The structural parameters of the roller, the number of cups and the installation parameters of the seed clearing air tube were determined by theoretical analysis. In order to determine the optimum operation parameters of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato, negative pressure, seed cleaning speed, hole diameter and rotational speed were taken as test factors, and the missing rate, qualified rate were taken as test indices. The performance test of the seed-metering device was carried out by Box-Behnken test method, and the effect of missing rate and qualified rate was obtained. The primary and secondary order of influence on missing rate and qualified rate were negative pressure, rotational speed, hole diameter and seed cleaning speed. The data processing software Design Expert 8.0.6 was used to optimize the parameters. With the missing rate, qualified rate as the test indices, the negative pressure was 8.92 kPa, the seed cleaning speed was 32.25 m/s, the hole diameter was 18.34 mm and the rotational speed was 19.92 r/min. The missing rate predicted by the model was 3.64% and the qualified rate was 91.9%. The experimental results showed that the results were consistent with the optimization results. The related research can provide reference for the research of precision sowing technology in potato.
引文
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[7]杨锴,段宏兵,宋波涛,等.半杯勺式马铃薯排种器的设计与试验[J].华中农业大学学报,2018,37(2):103-109.Yang Kai,Duan Hongbing,Song Botao,et al.Design and trial of half-cup type potato seed metering device[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2018,37(2):103-109.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]吕金庆,王英博,李紫辉,等.加装导流板的舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器性能分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):19-28.LüJinqing,Wang Yingbo,Li Zihui,et al.Performance analysis and experiment of cup-belt type patato seed-metering device with flow deflector[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(9):19-28.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]孙伟,王关平,吴建民.勺链式马铃薯排种器漏播检测与补种系统的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):8-15.Sun Wei,Wang Guanping,Wu Jianmin.Design and experiment on loss sowing testing and compensation system of spoon-chain potato metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(11):8-15.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]牛康,周利明,苑严伟,等.勺链式马铃薯排种器自补种系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016(增刊):76-83.Niu Kang,Zhou Liming,Yuan Yanwei,et al.Design and experiment on automatic compensation system of spoon-chain potato metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016(Supp.):76-83.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Buitenwerf H,Hoogmoed W B,Lerink P,et al.Assessment of the behaviour of potatoes in a cup-belt planter[J].Biosystems Engineering,2006,95(1):35-41.
[12]Ozherelyev V N,Kotikov F N.Sprouted potato tuber dynamics and kinematics during mechanized planting[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,206:56-60.
[13]Singh R C,Singh G,Saraswat D C.Optimisation of design and operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting cottonseeds[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(4):429-438.
[14]牛康,苑严伟,罗敏,等.双层种箱式马铃薯排种装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):32-39.Niu Kang,Yuan Yanwei,Luo Min,et al.Design and experiment of potato metering device with double-deck seed tank[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(20):32-39.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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