香港牡蛎不同育肥方式的育肥效果
|
摘要
香港牡蛎营养丰富,味道鲜美,在上市前会通过集中育肥提高风味口感和经济价值。为探明不同育肥方式对香港牡蛎的育肥效果,对经过池塘育肥和外海育肥后香港牡蛎的壳高、壳长、壳宽、体质量、软体质量、出肉率、糖原含量、甜菜碱含量、蛋白含量等指标进行检测,并与内海对照组牡蛎进行比较分析。检测结果显示,经过池塘育肥,香港牡蛎的壳高、体质量、糖原含量和蛋白含量均显著升高(P<0.01),甜菜碱含量显著降低(P<0.01),壳长、壳宽、软体质量、出肉率无显著变化;经过外海育肥的香港牡蛎糖原含量显著升高(P<0.01),壳高、壳长、体质量、软体质量(P<0.01)和甜菜碱(P<0.05)含量显著降低,壳宽、出肉率和蛋白含量无显著变化。试验结果表明,池塘育肥比外海育肥效果要好;不论哪种育肥方式,育肥后牡蛎的糖原含量均显著升高,甜菜碱含量均显著降低,出肉率均无显著变化。
Hongkong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis has a high nutritional value and delicious tastes. Before going on the market, the oyster usually goes through a fattening process to further improve its nutritional value. In the present study, we tested whether fattening oysters in onshore ponds was as effective as in offshore sea. The oyster with the same size were selected and fattened in onshore ponds, and in offshore sea, as the treatment groups, a control group, was fattened in inshore sea. After fattening, oyster were measured for shell height, shell length, shell width, total body weight, soft-part weight, meat yield, glycogen content, betaine content, and protein content. The fattening effect in each test group was evaluated by comparing the above indices with that in the control group. The results showed that fattening in onshore ponds caused shell height, total weight, glycogen content, and protein content to increase significantly(P<0.01), while betaine content to reduce significantly(P<0.01), and shell length, shell width, soft-part weight, and meat yield showed no significant change. After fattening in offshore sea, glycogen content was increased significantly(P<0.01), while shell height, shell length, total weight, soft-part weight(P<0.01), and betaine content(P<0.05) reduced significantly; shell width, meat yield and protein content showed no significant change. Thus, fattening in onshore ponds is an effective and better method than fattening in offshore sea. In both fattening treatments, glycogen content was increased significantly, and betaine content reduced significantly. These findings provide important information for production practices.
Hongkong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis has a high nutritional value and delicious tastes. Before going on the market, the oyster usually goes through a fattening process to further improve its nutritional value. In the present study, we tested whether fattening oysters in onshore ponds was as effective as in offshore sea. The oyster with the same size were selected and fattened in onshore ponds, and in offshore sea, as the treatment groups, a control group, was fattened in inshore sea. After fattening, oyster were measured for shell height, shell length, shell width, total body weight, soft-part weight, meat yield, glycogen content, betaine content, and protein content. The fattening effect in each test group was evaluated by comparing the above indices with that in the control group. The results showed that fattening in onshore ponds caused shell height, total weight, glycogen content, and protein content to increase significantly(P<0.01), while betaine content to reduce significantly(P<0.01), and shell length, shell width, soft-part weight, and meat yield showed no significant change. After fattening in offshore sea, glycogen content was increased significantly(P<0.01), while shell height, shell length, total weight, soft-part weight(P<0.01), and betaine content(P<0.05) reduced significantly; shell width, meat yield and protein content showed no significant change. Thus, fattening in onshore ponds is an effective and better method than fattening in offshore sea. In both fattening treatments, glycogen content was increased significantly, and betaine content reduced significantly. These findings provide important information for production practices.
引文
[1] 陈荣忠,杨丰,王初升.牡蛎肉提取物主要营养成份的分析[J].台湾海峡,1999,18(2):195-198.
[2] 陈骞,杨瑞金,顾聆琳.牡蛎糖原的研究(Ⅰ)——牡蛎糖原的分离提取和化学组成[J].食品科学,2005,26(6):99-101.
[3] 陈骞,杨瑞金,顾聆琳.牡蛎糖原的研究(Ⅱ)——牡蛎糖原的分子结构[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):43-46.
[4] Whyte J N C,Englar J R.Seasonal-variation in the chemical-composition and condition indexes of Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,grown in trays or on the sea bed [J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1982,39(8):1084-1094.
[5] 胡婷,陈琼华.牡蛎多糖防治心血管病及其它生物活性[J].中国生化药物杂志,1993(1):53-56.
[6] 尹淑敏,李凤谦.牡蛎的药用[J].中国药学杂志,1994,29(12):751-752.
[7] Konosu S,Hayashi T.Determination of β-alanine betaine and glycine betaine in some marine inverterbrates [J].Bulletin of the Japarese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1975,41(7):743-745.
[8] Hayashi T,Konosu S.Quaternary ammonium bases in the adductor muscle of fan-mussel [J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1977,43(3):343-348.
[9] Hayashi T,Yamaguchi K,Konosu S.Studies on flavor components in boiled crabs—Ⅱ Nucleotides and organic bases in the extracts [J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1978,44(12):1357-1362.
[10] 周畅,周浓,刘亚.比色法测定海产品中甜菜碱含量的方法研究[J].广东农业科学,2013(19):98-100.
[11] 张晶晶,郑惠娜,章超桦,等.牡蛎蛋白分离及其基本组成分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(9):195-199.
[12] 陈丽,周琴,蔡晓庆,等.响应面法同步优化褶牡蛎中蛋白和多糖提取工艺[J].水产科学,2012,31(12):713-718.
[13] 刘姝,王淑军,房耀维,等.发酵法制备太平洋牡蛎水解液的功能特性及其抗氧化活性[J].水产科学,2013,32(11):641-645.
[14] 黎小正,吴祥庆,黄鸾玉,等.基于秩相关系数法分析广西钦州近江牡蛎增养殖区水质现状及变化趋势[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(4):365-367.
[15] 牛海玉,陈纯,韩博平.基于浓缩法的浮游植物定量数据稳定性与可靠性分析[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):776-782.
[16] She Z C,Li L,Qi H G,et al.Candidate gene polymorphisms and their association with glycogen content in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas [J].PloS One,2015,10(5):e0124401.
[17] 蒋佳颖,王一成,杨孝朴,等.双抗体夹心ELISA法测定猪α-干扰素的浓度[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(5):740-745.
[18] 房列涛,兰雪,沈秀军,等.双波长600 nm/460 nm分光光度法测定蛋白质含量研究[J].生物学杂志,2015,32(4):94-97.
[19] 李晓飞,黄鹄,佟智成.广西茅尾海增养殖区海水水质现状评价[J].钦州学院学报,2015,30(2):1-6.
[20] 王迪,陈丕茂,逯晶晶,等.钦州湾浮游植物周年生态特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1686-1692.
[21] 刘璐,姜美洁,李艳,等.钦州湾海域网采浮游植物群落结构季节变化[J].海洋科学进展,2017,35(1):83-95.
[22] 丁天喜,李明云,刘祖祥.对虾塘综合养殖的模式与原理[J].浙江水产学院学报,1996,15(2):134-139.
[23] 林建民,费普明,叶兴明.虾贝混养高产稳产的关键技术[J].渔业现代化,2003(6):17-18.
[2] 陈骞,杨瑞金,顾聆琳.牡蛎糖原的研究(Ⅰ)——牡蛎糖原的分离提取和化学组成[J].食品科学,2005,26(6):99-101.
[3] 陈骞,杨瑞金,顾聆琳.牡蛎糖原的研究(Ⅱ)——牡蛎糖原的分子结构[J].食品科学,2005,26(7):43-46.
[4] Whyte J N C,Englar J R.Seasonal-variation in the chemical-composition and condition indexes of Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas,grown in trays or on the sea bed [J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1982,39(8):1084-1094.
[5] 胡婷,陈琼华.牡蛎多糖防治心血管病及其它生物活性[J].中国生化药物杂志,1993(1):53-56.
[6] 尹淑敏,李凤谦.牡蛎的药用[J].中国药学杂志,1994,29(12):751-752.
[7] Konosu S,Hayashi T.Determination of β-alanine betaine and glycine betaine in some marine inverterbrates [J].Bulletin of the Japarese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1975,41(7):743-745.
[8] Hayashi T,Konosu S.Quaternary ammonium bases in the adductor muscle of fan-mussel [J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1977,43(3):343-348.
[9] Hayashi T,Yamaguchi K,Konosu S.Studies on flavor components in boiled crabs—Ⅱ Nucleotides and organic bases in the extracts [J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1978,44(12):1357-1362.
[10] 周畅,周浓,刘亚.比色法测定海产品中甜菜碱含量的方法研究[J].广东农业科学,2013(19):98-100.
[11] 张晶晶,郑惠娜,章超桦,等.牡蛎蛋白分离及其基本组成分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(9):195-199.
[12] 陈丽,周琴,蔡晓庆,等.响应面法同步优化褶牡蛎中蛋白和多糖提取工艺[J].水产科学,2012,31(12):713-718.
[13] 刘姝,王淑军,房耀维,等.发酵法制备太平洋牡蛎水解液的功能特性及其抗氧化活性[J].水产科学,2013,32(11):641-645.
[14] 黎小正,吴祥庆,黄鸾玉,等.基于秩相关系数法分析广西钦州近江牡蛎增养殖区水质现状及变化趋势[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(4):365-367.
[15] 牛海玉,陈纯,韩博平.基于浓缩法的浮游植物定量数据稳定性与可靠性分析[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(5):776-782.
[16] She Z C,Li L,Qi H G,et al.Candidate gene polymorphisms and their association with glycogen content in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas [J].PloS One,2015,10(5):e0124401.
[17] 蒋佳颖,王一成,杨孝朴,等.双抗体夹心ELISA法测定猪α-干扰素的浓度[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(5):740-745.
[18] 房列涛,兰雪,沈秀军,等.双波长600 nm/460 nm分光光度法测定蛋白质含量研究[J].生物学杂志,2015,32(4):94-97.
[19] 李晓飞,黄鹄,佟智成.广西茅尾海增养殖区海水水质现状评价[J].钦州学院学报,2015,30(2):1-6.
[20] 王迪,陈丕茂,逯晶晶,等.钦州湾浮游植物周年生态特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1686-1692.
[21] 刘璐,姜美洁,李艳,等.钦州湾海域网采浮游植物群落结构季节变化[J].海洋科学进展,2017,35(1):83-95.
[22] 丁天喜,李明云,刘祖祥.对虾塘综合养殖的模式与原理[J].浙江水产学院学报,1996,15(2):134-139.
[23] 林建民,费普明,叶兴明.虾贝混养高产稳产的关键技术[J].渔业现代化,2003(6):17-18.