油气管道用技术标准中的问题剖析与建议
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摘要
油气管道工程的设计、施工、焊接、检验与验收运用了很多标准,其中有的由于不完全符合标准编制的要求,而存在某些技术问题,导致工程的安全运行存在潜在隐患,例如GB/T 12459-2005《钢制对焊无缝管件》;有的标准由于缺少某些规定而使无缝钢管索氏体带状组织的检验和验收无法评定;或是因对管道管线钢钢管焊接接头延迟裂纹的检验评定无标准依据,例如GB/T31032-2014《钢质管道焊接及验收》和GB/T 13299-91《钢的显微组织评定方法》。为此,提出了标准修订补充的建议。
Many standards have been applied in the design,construction,welding,inspection and acceptance of oil and gas pipeline engineering. Some of them do not fully meet the requirements of the standard compilation,and some technical issues exist,which leads to potential safety hazard in project operation. For instance,GB/T 12459-2005 Steel Butt-Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings. Some standards,due to the lack of certain provisions,cause the assessment failure of inspection and acceptance of banded structure of the sorbite for seamless steel tube. Or there is no basis available for the inspection assessment of delayed crack of pipeline welded joint. For example,GB/T 31032-2014 Welding and Acceptance Standard for Steel Pipings and Pipelines and GB/T 13299-91 Steel Determination of Microstructure,and suggestions for revision and supplement of the standard are proposed.
Many standards have been applied in the design,construction,welding,inspection and acceptance of oil and gas pipeline engineering. Some of them do not fully meet the requirements of the standard compilation,and some technical issues exist,which leads to potential safety hazard in project operation. For instance,GB/T 12459-2005 Steel Butt-Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings. Some standards,due to the lack of certain provisions,cause the assessment failure of inspection and acceptance of banded structure of the sorbite for seamless steel tube. Or there is no basis available for the inspection assessment of delayed crack of pipeline welded joint. For example,GB/T 31032-2014 Welding and Acceptance Standard for Steel Pipings and Pipelines and GB/T 13299-91 Steel Determination of Microstructure,and suggestions for revision and supplement of the standard are proposed.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.标准化工作指南第1部分:标准化和相关活动的通用术语:GB/T 20000. 1-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015:3-4.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Guidelines for Standardization-Part 1:Standardization and Related Actives-General Vocabulary:GB/T 20000. 1-2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015:3-4.
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.标准化工作导则第1部分:标准的结构和编写:GB/T 1. 1-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:3.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Directives for Standardization-Part 1:Structure and Drafting of Standards:GB/T 1. 1-2009[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009:3.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.钢制对焊无缝管件:GB/T 12459-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005:23.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Steel Butt-Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings:GB/T12459-2005[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005:23.
[4]张有渝,傅贺平,熊皓,等.油气集输与长输管道工程用管件标准分析[J].天然气与石油,2014,32(1):80-83.Zhang Youyu,Fu Heping,Xiong Hao,et al. Analysis on Standards Followed in Fitting Design in Oil and Gas Gathering and Transmission and Long-Distance Pipeline Projects[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2014,32(1):80-83.
[5]高慧临.管线钢-组织、性能、焊接行为[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995.Gao Huilin. Pipeline Steel-Structure,Property and Welding[M]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1995.
[6]王荔玲.焊接质量与焊条使用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1994.Wang Liling. Welding Quality and Electrode Use[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1994.
[7]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.输气管道工程设计规范:GB50251-2015[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015:53.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Code for Design of Gas Transmission Pipeline Engineering:GB 50251-2015[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2015:53.
[8]国家发展和改革委员会.钢质管道焊接及验收:SY/T 4103-2006[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:22.National Development and Reform Commission. Welding and Acceptance Standard for Steel Pipings and Pipelines:SY/T4103-2006[S]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:22.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.钢质管道焊接及验收:GB/T 31032-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015:25.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Welding and Acceptance Standard for Steel Pipings and Pipelines:GB/T 31032-2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015:25.
[10]国家技术监督局.钢的显微组织评定方法:GB/T 13299-91[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992:1.National Technology Supervision Bureau. Steel-Determination of Microstructure:GB/T 13299-91[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,1992:1.
[11]稻垣道夫,田中甚吉.高强钢焊接实践[M].李伏桃,陈岿,译.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.Inagaki Michio, Tanaka Jinkichi. Welding Practice of High-Strength Steel[M]. Li Futao, Chen Gui, trans.Beijing:China Machine Press,1992.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.工业金属管道工程施工规范:GB/T50235-2010[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010:39.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Code for Construction of Industrial Metallic Piping Engineering:GB/T 50235-2010[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2010:39.
[13]国家能源局.承压设备无损检测第2部分:射线检测:NB/T 47013. 2-2015[S].北京:新华出版社,2015:30.National Energy Administration. Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments-Part 2:Radiographic Testing:NB/T47013. 2-2015[S]. Beijing:Xinhua Publishing House,2015:30.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.压力管道规范长输管道:GB/T 34275-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:87.General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Pressure Piping Code-Long-Distance Pipeline:GB/T34275-2017[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017:87.
[2]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.标准化工作导则第1部分:标准的结构和编写:GB/T 1. 1-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:3.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Directives for Standardization-Part 1:Structure and Drafting of Standards:GB/T 1. 1-2009[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009:3.
[3]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.钢制对焊无缝管件:GB/T 12459-2005[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005:23.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Steel Butt-Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings:GB/T12459-2005[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005:23.
[4]张有渝,傅贺平,熊皓,等.油气集输与长输管道工程用管件标准分析[J].天然气与石油,2014,32(1):80-83.Zhang Youyu,Fu Heping,Xiong Hao,et al. Analysis on Standards Followed in Fitting Design in Oil and Gas Gathering and Transmission and Long-Distance Pipeline Projects[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2014,32(1):80-83.
[5]高慧临.管线钢-组织、性能、焊接行为[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995.Gao Huilin. Pipeline Steel-Structure,Property and Welding[M]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1995.
[6]王荔玲.焊接质量与焊条使用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1994.Wang Liling. Welding Quality and Electrode Use[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1994.
[7]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.输气管道工程设计规范:GB50251-2015[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015:53.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Code for Design of Gas Transmission Pipeline Engineering:GB 50251-2015[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2015:53.
[8]国家发展和改革委员会.钢质管道焊接及验收:SY/T 4103-2006[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:22.National Development and Reform Commission. Welding and Acceptance Standard for Steel Pipings and Pipelines:SY/T4103-2006[S]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:22.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.钢质管道焊接及验收:GB/T 31032-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015:25.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’ s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Welding and Acceptance Standard for Steel Pipings and Pipelines:GB/T 31032-2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015:25.
[10]国家技术监督局.钢的显微组织评定方法:GB/T 13299-91[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992:1.National Technology Supervision Bureau. Steel-Determination of Microstructure:GB/T 13299-91[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,1992:1.
[11]稻垣道夫,田中甚吉.高强钢焊接实践[M].李伏桃,陈岿,译.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.Inagaki Michio, Tanaka Jinkichi. Welding Practice of High-Strength Steel[M]. Li Futao, Chen Gui, trans.Beijing:China Machine Press,1992.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.工业金属管道工程施工规范:GB/T50235-2010[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010:39.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China. Code for Construction of Industrial Metallic Piping Engineering:GB/T 50235-2010[S]. Beijing:China Planning Press,2010:39.
[13]国家能源局.承压设备无损检测第2部分:射线检测:NB/T 47013. 2-2015[S].北京:新华出版社,2015:30.National Energy Administration. Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipments-Part 2:Radiographic Testing:NB/T47013. 2-2015[S]. Beijing:Xinhua Publishing House,2015:30.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.压力管道规范长输管道:GB/T 34275-2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:87.General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Pressure Piping Code-Long-Distance Pipeline:GB/T34275-2017[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2017:87.