炮检距矢量道集非刚性匹配方位各向异性时差校正
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摘要
随着勘探精度日益提高,宽方位地震资料的方位各向异性问题变得更加突出。介质的方位各向异性会导致地震成像道集中反射点的道间时差,且常规处理方法难以正确消除,影响成像结果的保真度和分辨率。基于"两宽一高"的实际地震数据,分析研究区方位各向异性在炮检距向量片(OVT)域偏移后形成的OVG道集上的表现特征,采用非刚性匹配(NRM)时差校正方法获得时空变的校正量,消除方位各向异性对成像的影响,实现了整体数据的方位各向异性时差校正。与常规处理结果相比,该方法改善了成像品质,频带展宽7 Hz左右,有助于提高储层描述精度。
With the increasing accuracy of the exploration,the problem of the azimuthal anisotropy of the wide-azimuth seismic data has become more highlight. The azimuthal anisotropy of the medium causes the inter-trace moveout of the reflecting points of the seismic imaging trace gather,while the conventional processing method is difficult to eliminate the moveout correctly,thus the fidelity and resolution of the imaged result are influenced. Based on the actual "two width and one height"seismic data,the performance characteristics of the azimuthal anisotropy in the study area on the offset vector gathers in the offset vector tile( OVT) domain were analyzed. With the help of nonrigid matching( NRM) moveout correcting method,the correction of space-time variation was obtained,the influence of the azimuthal anisotropy on the imaging was eliminated,thus the azimuthal anisotropy moveout correction of the whole data was realized. Compared with the conventional processed results,the method improves the imaged quality,and moreover the band broadening is up to 7 Hz or so,therefore the reservoir characterized accuracy can be improved to a certain degree.
With the increasing accuracy of the exploration,the problem of the azimuthal anisotropy of the wide-azimuth seismic data has become more highlight. The azimuthal anisotropy of the medium causes the inter-trace moveout of the reflecting points of the seismic imaging trace gather,while the conventional processing method is difficult to eliminate the moveout correctly,thus the fidelity and resolution of the imaged result are influenced. Based on the actual "two width and one height"seismic data,the performance characteristics of the azimuthal anisotropy in the study area on the offset vector gathers in the offset vector tile( OVT) domain were analyzed. With the help of nonrigid matching( NRM) moveout correcting method,the correction of space-time variation was obtained,the influence of the azimuthal anisotropy on the imaging was eliminated,thus the azimuthal anisotropy moveout correction of the whole data was realized. Compared with the conventional processed results,the method improves the imaged quality,and moreover the band broadening is up to 7 Hz or so,therefore the reservoir characterized accuracy can be improved to a certain degree.
引文
[1]陈志德,初海红,刘津冶.长垣油田地震资料各向异性时差分析与校正[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):486-495CHEN Zhide,CHU Haihong,LIU Jinye. Analysis and correction of anisotropy azimuth time delay for seismic data in Changyuan Oilfield[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):486-495.
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[3]张保庆,周辉,左黄金,等.宽方位地震资料处理技术及应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):396-400.ZHANG Baoqing,ZHOU Hui,ZUO Huangjin,et al. Wide azimuth data processing techniques and their applications[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):396-400.
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[9] MARTY W,EDWARD J. How important is effect of azimuth anisotropy in 3-D seismic data? Enhancing data quality and extending the potential of the 3-D interpretation[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,20(1):126-128.
[10]段文胜,李飞,王彦春,等.面向宽方位地震处理的炮检距向量片技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):206-213.DUAN Wensheng,LI Fei,WANG Yanchun,et al. Offset vector tile for wide-azimuth seismic processing[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(2):206-213.
[11]刘依谋,印兴耀,张三元,等.宽方位地震勘探技术新进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):596-610.LIU Yimou,YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Sanyuan,et al. Recent advances in wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):596-610.
[12]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):350-357.LING Yun Study Group. Application and study on wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):350-357.
[13]古发明,李进步,邹新宁,等.炮检距向量片技术在苏里格致密砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):610-617.GU Faming,LI Jinbu,ZOU Xinning,et al. Application of the offset vector tile technique in the Sulige tight sandstone reservoir prediction[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(2):610-617.
[14]吴婷.页岩气地区炮检距向量片(OVT)技术叠前裂缝预测应用效果分析[J].西部探矿工程,2017,29(8):69-72.WU Ting. Analysis of application effect of pre-stack crack prediction in shale gas area offset vector tile(OVT)technology[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2017,29(8):69-72.
[15]张军华,朱焕,郑旭刚,等.宽方位角地震勘探技术评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):396-400.ZHANG Junhua,ZHU Huan,ZHENG Xugang,et al. Summary of wide-azimuth seismic exploration technique[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(5):396-400.
[16]袁刚,王西文,雍运动,等.宽方位数据的炮检距向量片域处理及偏移道集校平方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):84-90.YUAN Gang,WANG Xiwen,YONG Yundong,et al. Wide-azimuth data migration in OVT domain and OVG flattening[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):84-90.
[17] STEIN J A,WOJSLAW R,LONGSTON T,et al. Wide-azimuth land processing:Fracture detection using offset vector tile technology[J]. The Leading Edge,2010,29(11):1328-1337.
[2]黄伏生,赵云飞,方亮.喇嘛甸油田厚油层精细控水挖潜技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,28(5):106-111.HUANG Fusheng,ZHAO Yunfei, FANG Liang. Study on techniques for fine water control and further development of thick reservoirs in Lamadian Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology&Development in Daqing,2009,28(5):106-111.
[3]张保庆,周辉,左黄金,等.宽方位地震资料处理技术及应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):396-400.ZHANG Baoqing,ZHOU Hui,ZUO Huangjin,et al. Wide azimuth data processing techniques and their applications[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):396-400.
[4] AL-DAJANI A F,TSVANKIN I. Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout for horizontal transverse isotropy[J]. Geophysics, 1998, 63(5):1738-1753.
[5] GRECHKA V,TSVANKIN I. 3-D moveout velocity analysis and parameter estimation for orthorhombic media[J]. Geophysics,1999,64(3):820-837.
[6] VERMEER G J O. Creating image gathers in the absence of proper common-offset gather[J]. Exploration Geophysics, 1998, 29(4):636-642.
[7] CARY P W. Common-offset-vector gather:An alternative to crossspreads for wide-azimuth 3-D surveys[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18(1):1496-1499.
[8] STARR J. Method of creating common-offset/common-azimuth gather in 3-D seismic survey and method of conducting reflection attribute variation analysis[P]. U S Patent:6026059,2000.
[9] MARTY W,EDWARD J. How important is effect of azimuth anisotropy in 3-D seismic data? Enhancing data quality and extending the potential of the 3-D interpretation[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,20(1):126-128.
[10]段文胜,李飞,王彦春,等.面向宽方位地震处理的炮检距向量片技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):206-213.DUAN Wensheng,LI Fei,WANG Yanchun,et al. Offset vector tile for wide-azimuth seismic processing[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(2):206-213.
[11]刘依谋,印兴耀,张三元,等.宽方位地震勘探技术新进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):596-610.LIU Yimou,YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Sanyuan,et al. Recent advances in wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):596-610.
[12]凌云研究小组.宽方位角地震勘探应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):350-357.LING Yun Study Group. Application and study on wide-azimuth seismic exploration[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):350-357.
[13]古发明,李进步,邹新宁,等.炮检距向量片技术在苏里格致密砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):610-617.GU Faming,LI Jinbu,ZOU Xinning,et al. Application of the offset vector tile technique in the Sulige tight sandstone reservoir prediction[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(2):610-617.
[14]吴婷.页岩气地区炮检距向量片(OVT)技术叠前裂缝预测应用效果分析[J].西部探矿工程,2017,29(8):69-72.WU Ting. Analysis of application effect of pre-stack crack prediction in shale gas area offset vector tile(OVT)technology[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2017,29(8):69-72.
[15]张军华,朱焕,郑旭刚,等.宽方位角地震勘探技术评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):396-400.ZHANG Junhua,ZHU Huan,ZHENG Xugang,et al. Summary of wide-azimuth seismic exploration technique[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(5):396-400.
[16]袁刚,王西文,雍运动,等.宽方位数据的炮检距向量片域处理及偏移道集校平方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):84-90.YUAN Gang,WANG Xiwen,YONG Yundong,et al. Wide-azimuth data migration in OVT domain and OVG flattening[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):84-90.
[17] STEIN J A,WOJSLAW R,LONGSTON T,et al. Wide-azimuth land processing:Fracture detection using offset vector tile technology[J]. The Leading Edge,2010,29(11):1328-1337.