秋水仙素诱导同源四倍体葛薯的研究
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摘要
不同时间下用不同浓度的秋水仙素处理葛薯种子,通过对突变株形态学、农艺学、解剖学、光合特性和逆境生理指标分析。结果表明:经0.15 g/L秋水仙素和48 h处理时间诱变效果最佳;与二倍体相比,四倍体葛薯在叶片厚度、气孔大小、花粉粒大小、花器官大小、块根等表现出"巨大性",其茎长、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶厚、单果重、小花长、花柱长、花萼纵横径、旗瓣长、子房纵横径等指标均显著大于二倍体;叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶片可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均极显著大于二倍体;而丙二醛(MDA)含量低于二倍体。证明四倍体葛薯是一种非常有用的新种质,也为葛薯高产和抗性育种指明了新的方向。
The morphological, agronomic, anatomical, photosynthetic and physiological indexes of the mutant strains of "Pueraria sp." seeds were analyzed using different concentrations of colchicine at different times. The results showed that the induction rate of tetraploid was the best with 0.15 g/L colchicine and 48 h treatment time. Compared with the diploid, the tetraploid Pueraria showed "greatness" in leaf thickness, stomatal size, pollen size, flower organ size and root tuber. The stem length, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width, leaf weight, fruit weight, flower length, flower length, calyx vertical and horizontal diameter, vexilla length, ovary vertical and horizontal diameter and other indicators were significantly greater than diploid. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, leaf soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free proline(Pro) content, peroxidase activity(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and catalase(CAT) of the tetraploid Pueraria sp were significantly higher than that of diploid and malondialdehyde(MDA) content decreased. It is proved that tetraploid potato is a very useful new germplasm, and it also points out a new direction for high yield and resistance breeding.
The morphological, agronomic, anatomical, photosynthetic and physiological indexes of the mutant strains of "Pueraria sp." seeds were analyzed using different concentrations of colchicine at different times. The results showed that the induction rate of tetraploid was the best with 0.15 g/L colchicine and 48 h treatment time. Compared with the diploid, the tetraploid Pueraria showed "greatness" in leaf thickness, stomatal size, pollen size, flower organ size and root tuber. The stem length, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width, leaf weight, fruit weight, flower length, flower length, calyx vertical and horizontal diameter, vexilla length, ovary vertical and horizontal diameter and other indicators were significantly greater than diploid. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, leaf soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free proline(Pro) content, peroxidase activity(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and catalase(CAT) of the tetraploid Pueraria sp were significantly higher than that of diploid and malondialdehyde(MDA) content decreased. It is proved that tetraploid potato is a very useful new germplasm, and it also points out a new direction for high yield and resistance breeding.
引文
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[23]王雅美,张蜀宁,郑于莉,等.二、四倍体不结球白菜抗寒基因表达及生理生长特性[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(5):41-46.
[24]王园园,尹翠翠,王广东.高温胁迫对二倍体和四倍体杂交兰相关生理生化特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):735-740.
[25]薛浩,张锋,张志宏,等.“寒富”苹果与其同源四倍体耐盐差异研究[J].园艺学报,2015,42(05):826-832.
[26]张晓申,翟晓巧,邓敏捷,等.二倍体和四倍体泡桐对干旱胁迫生理响应差异研究[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(11):118-123.
[2]刘轲,刘建华,李方,等.豆薯片热风干燥动力学研究[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(1):227-229.
[3]陈忠文,文西强,王宏飞,等.豆薯资源的开发利用及发展建议[J].园艺与种苗,2014,34(5):49-51,53.
[4]邓清,邓树林.绿色食品蔬菜--豆薯[J].江西农业科技,2003,(5):22.
[5]洪陈洁,林晗,吴承祯.植物多倍体特征与诱导及其应用[J].武夷学院学报,2014,32(2):1-6.
[6]Jackson R C.Evolution and systematic significance of polyploidy[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1976,7(1):209-234.
[7]Cavalier-Smith T.Nuclear volume control by nucleoskeletal DNA,selection for cell volume and cell growth rate,and the solution of the DNA C-value paradox[J].Journal of Cell Science,1978,34:247-278.
[8]康向阳.林木多倍体育种研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(4):70-74.
[9]谭德冠,庄南生,黄华孙.林木多倍体诱导的研究进展[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2005,11(1):27-30.
[10]张源源,郭涵,袁红章,等.橡胶树不同倍性的气孔性状差异研究[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(3):389-394.
[11]穆怀志,林琳,于建国,等.Na HCO3胁迫下白桦四倍体表型及生理分析[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),2016,17(5):585-589.
[12]吕炜,户秋稳,李艳艳,等.优质四倍体萝卜新种质创新及鉴定[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(1):48-54.
[13]Chandel P,Tiwari J K,Ali N,et al.Interspecific potato somatic hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and S.cardiophyllum,potential sources of late blight resistance breeding[J].Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,2015,123(3):579-589.
[14]吴志刚,刘丹赤,宋明,等.番茄同源四倍体离体诱导及生理特性分析[J].中国蔬菜,2012,(4):67-71.
[15]王夏,孙菲菲,郦月红,等.不结球白菜同源四倍体种质创建及特性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):173-175.
[16]周朴华,何立珍,刘选明.组织培养中用秋水仙素诱发黄花菜同源四倍体的研究[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(1):49-55,96.
[17]周嘉裕,卿人韦,兰利琼,等.辣椒离体细胞多倍体的诱导研究[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2002,39(4):746-749.
[18]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[19]王建林,关法春.高级作物生理学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013.
[20]宋灿,刘少军,肖军,等.多倍体生物研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,2012(3):173-184.
[21]Xu E,Fan G,Niu S,et al.Transcriptome-wide profiling and expression analysis of diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei under drought stress[J].PLo S ONE,2014,9(11):e113313.
[22]颜志明,张蜀宁,汤伟华,等.二倍体和四倍体扬花萝卜的品质特性及抗寒性比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(7):1405-1 410.
[23]王雅美,张蜀宁,郑于莉,等.二、四倍体不结球白菜抗寒基因表达及生理生长特性[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(5):41-46.
[24]王园园,尹翠翠,王广东.高温胁迫对二倍体和四倍体杂交兰相关生理生化特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):735-740.
[25]薛浩,张锋,张志宏,等.“寒富”苹果与其同源四倍体耐盐差异研究[J].园艺学报,2015,42(05):826-832.
[26]张晓申,翟晓巧,邓敏捷,等.二倍体和四倍体泡桐对干旱胁迫生理响应差异研究[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(11):118-123.