市政污泥热解产油影响因素及产物应用特性
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摘要
利用外热式固定床反应器,研究终温、反应时间、升温速率等因素对市政污泥热解产油率的影响,并对产物特性进行了讨论。结果表明,热解终温及反应时间显著影响焦油产率,500℃是适宜的污泥热解温度,焦油产率达24.74%,温度继续升高则半焦缩聚反应强烈,热解气产率大幅增加,焦油产率基本恒定;在10℃·min~(-1)的升温速率条件下,热解终温500℃,维持20 min,焦油产率可达到平衡;升温速率对焦油产率的影响不显著,热解反应达到平衡时,不同升温速率条件下,焦油产率相似;污泥焦油组分与中低温煤焦油相近,具备提酚、制燃料油和特种油品的潜力;污泥半焦灰分高,固定碳含量低,具有一定热值,比表面积较发达,掺混燃烧、制备吸附剂是其重要的潜在利用方向。
External heated fixed bed reactor was used to analyze how the temperature, time and heating rate affected the oil yield of municipal sludge pyrolysis. The properties of the products were also analyzed. Experimental results showed that reacting temperature and time had a significant impact on the yield of bio-oil. The yield of bio-oil could be 24.74% at the optimum temperature of 500 ℃. When the reacting temperature rose, strong condensation of the bio-char occurred, along with the increasing bio-gas yield and constant bio-oil yield. The yield of bio-oil needed 20 minutes to reach the steady state at 500 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 ℃·min~(-1). Heating rate had a insignificant influence on the yield of bio-oil, and the yields were similar under different heating rate when reactions reached the steady state. The components of bio-oil were similar to the low temperature coal-tar. Therefore, bio-oil was a potential raw material to extract phenols, produce fuel oil and specialty oil. Bio-char had characters of high ash content, low fixed carbon, moderate calorific value and large specific surface area, so it could be processed as absorbent and mixing combustion fuel.
External heated fixed bed reactor was used to analyze how the temperature, time and heating rate affected the oil yield of municipal sludge pyrolysis. The properties of the products were also analyzed. Experimental results showed that reacting temperature and time had a significant impact on the yield of bio-oil. The yield of bio-oil could be 24.74% at the optimum temperature of 500 ℃. When the reacting temperature rose, strong condensation of the bio-char occurred, along with the increasing bio-gas yield and constant bio-oil yield. The yield of bio-oil needed 20 minutes to reach the steady state at 500 ℃ with the heating rate of 10 ℃·min~(-1). Heating rate had a insignificant influence on the yield of bio-oil, and the yields were similar under different heating rate when reactions reached the steady state. The components of bio-oil were similar to the low temperature coal-tar. Therefore, bio-oil was a potential raw material to extract phenols, produce fuel oil and specialty oil. Bio-char had characters of high ash content, low fixed carbon, moderate calorific value and large specific surface area, so it could be processed as absorbent and mixing combustion fuel.
引文
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[21]何璐,尚文智,刘军利,等.神木烟煤和神木兰炭结构特性研究[J].洁净煤技术,2015,21(6):59-62.
[2]刘晓明,余震,周普雄,等.污泥超高温堆肥过程中DOM结构的光谱分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(8):3807-3815.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201712204.
[3]姚杰.污泥深度脱水关键技术研究及应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(23):153-157.
[4]邓舟,王伟,夏洲,等.中国市政污泥水热干化系统开发及工程化应用[C]//《中国给水排水》杂志社. 2012《中国给水排水》杂志社第九届年会论文集,乌鲁木齐,2013:76-81.
[5]齐鲁,魏源送,张俊亚,等.通风策略对污泥生物干化过程中含氮气体和甲烷排放的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):366-376.
[6]李金灵,刘鲁珍,屈思敏.污泥热解催化剂研究进展[J].材料导报,2016,30(3):65-69.
[7]邵立明,何品晶.污水厂污泥低温热解过程能量平衡分析[J].上海环境科学,1996,15(6):19-21.
[8] KIM Y, PARKER W. A technical and economic evaluation of the pyrolysis of sewage sludge for the production of bio-oil[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(5):1409-1416. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.056.
[9] ALVAREZ J, LOPEZ G, AMUTIO M, et al. Characterization of the bio-oil obtained by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a conical spouted bed reactor[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2016,149:169-175. DOI:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.04.015.
[10] ARAZO R O, GENUINO D A D, LUNA M D G D, et al. Bio-oil production from dry sewage sludge by fast pyrolysis in an electrically-heated fluidized bed reactor[J]. Sustainable Environment Research,2016,27(1):7-14. DOI:10.1016/j.serj.2016.11.010.
[11] FONTS I, JUAN A, GEA G, et al. Sewage sludge pyrolysis in fluidized bed. 1:Influence of operational conditions on the product distribution[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47(15):5376-5385. DOI:10.1021/ie7017788.
[12] LIN K H, LAI N, ZENG J Y, et al. Temperature influence on product distribution and characteristics of derived residue and oil in wet sludge pyrolysis using microwave heating[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,584:1248-1255. DOI:j.scitotenv.2017.01.195.
[13] XIN H, CAO J P, PENG S, et al. Influences of pyrolysis conditions in the production and chemical composition of the bio-oils from fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge[J]. Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,2014,110:353-362. DOI:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.10.003.
[14] WANG X, JIA J. Effect of heating rate on the municipal sewage sludge pyrolysis character[J]. Energy Procedia,2012,14:1648-1652.DOI:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1146.
[15] WANG Y Y, CHEN J C, YANG G H. Effect of heating rate on the deinking sludge pyrolysis character[J]. Applied Mechanics&Materials,2014,670-671:205-208. DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.670-671.205.
[16] TAO K, STREZOV V, EVANS T. Effect of the heating rate on the thermochemical behavior and biofuel properties of sewage sludge pyrolysis[J]. Energy&Fuels,2016,30(3):1564-1570. DOI:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02232.
[17]刘秀如,吕清刚.流化床污泥热解实验及产物性质研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):3068-3074.
[18]宋薇,刘建国,聂永丰.含油污泥低温热解的影响因素及产物性质[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(4):340-344.
[19]闫云飞,张力,李丽仙.工业废水污泥的热解及升温速率对热解的影响[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(3):896-902.
[20]余丽,樊涌,苍大强,等.污泥灰微晶玻璃中重金属的浸出特性研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(4):71-74.
[21]何璐,尚文智,刘军利,等.神木烟煤和神木兰炭结构特性研究[J].洁净煤技术,2015,21(6):59-62.