功能语言分析视角下的学术英语研究——发展、理据和应用
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摘要
功能语言分析方法从语域出发,通过梳理语篇中的词汇语法结构来探讨语篇内容、风格和组织特点,对学科读写教育和依托内容的教学具有重要意义。本文讨论功能语言分析视角下的学术英语研究,重点阐述功能语言分析路径的发展及其在学术英语课程中的应用理据,进而讨论它在学术英语中的应用。研究发现,功能语言分析与学术英语系出同源,具有相同的语言学思想。功能语言分析在学术英语课程中具有广泛的应用前景,可以为大纲设计、教材开发、课堂活动组织和学生成绩评估等多个领域提供依据,对国内大学的学术英语课程设计和教学具有重要意义。
Functional Language Analysis (FLA),starting from the three dimensions of register—field,tenor and mode,explores the features of a text in terms of content,style and organization through the analysis of lexico-grammatical choices. It is of importance to disciplinary literacy education and content-based instruction. This paper explores the studies of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) from the perspective of FLA,focusing on its development and the motivations for its application in EAP courses,and then explicates the specific applications of FLA in EAP studies. Findings reveal that FLA and EAP both originate from systemic functional linguistics and that they share the same views on language and language teaching. FLA has wide prospects of application in EAP studies,specifically in such areas as syllabus design,materials development,organization of class activities and students' assessment. Therefore,it is of great significance that consideration be given to FLA in the design and teaching of EAP courses in universities in China.
Functional Language Analysis (FLA),starting from the three dimensions of register—field,tenor and mode,explores the features of a text in terms of content,style and organization through the analysis of lexico-grammatical choices. It is of importance to disciplinary literacy education and content-based instruction. This paper explores the studies of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) from the perspective of FLA,focusing on its development and the motivations for its application in EAP courses,and then explicates the specific applications of FLA in EAP studies. Findings reveal that FLA and EAP both originate from systemic functional linguistics and that they share the same views on language and language teaching. FLA has wide prospects of application in EAP studies,specifically in such areas as syllabus design,materials development,organization of class activities and students' assessment. Therefore,it is of great significance that consideration be given to FLA in the design and teaching of EAP courses in universities in China.
引文
蔡基刚.“学术英语”课程需求分析和教学方法研究[J].外语教学理论与实践,2012(2).‖Cai,J.-G.Academic English:Needs Analysis and Teaching Methods[J].Foreign Language Teaching Theory and Practice,2012(2).
蔡基刚.从通用英语到学术英语---回归大学英语教学本位[J].外语与外语教学,2014(1).‖Cai,J.-G.From General English to EAP:A Return to the Nature of College English Teaching[J].Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,2014(1).
何中清王科苑.功能语言分析视角下的数学语篇中的衔接特征[J].北京科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5).‖He,Z.-Q.,Wang,K.-Y.A Functional Language Analysis Approach to the Cohesive Features in Mathematical Discourse[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition),2018(5).
林易陈卓李丙午.学术英语课程体系建设研究---以某大学研究生英语教改为例[J].华中师范大学学报,2013(4).‖Lin,Y.,Chen,Z.,Li,B.-W.The Construction of the Curriculum of EAP Courses:A Case Study of College English Reform in a University[J].Journal of Central China Normal University,2013(4).
彭宣维.话语回应中的衔接性隐喻及其数学表征[J].现代外语,2018(4).‖Peng,X.-W.Cohesive Metaphor of Responses in Discourse Progression and Its Mathematical Representation[J].Modern Foreign Language,2018(4).
齐曦.大学英语转型背景下“学术英语”课程模块的建构[J].外语界,2015(6).‖Qi,X.The Curriculum Design of EAP Courses under the Background of the Transition of College English[J].Foreign Language World,2015(6).
孙厌舒.学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究[J].外语学刊,2016(1).‖Sun,Y.-S.A Study on Citing Practice in English Academic Writings by EFL Learners[J].Foreign Language Research,2016(1).
孙迎晖.功能语言学在基于学科内容教学的应用研究---以方志辉等最新研究成果为例[J].北京科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013(5).‖Sun,Y.-H.The Application of Systemic Functional Linguistics to Content Area Teaching:A Case of Fang Zhihui’s Latest Studies[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition),2013(5).
熊丽君殷猛.论非英语专业学术英语写作课堂的建构---基于中美学术英语写作的研究[J].外语教学,2009(2).‖Xiong,L.-J.,Yin,M.The Construction of English Academic Writing Class of Non-English Majors Based on the Studies on English Academic Writing in China and the US[J].Foreign Language Education,2009(2).
严明.高校学术英语写作能力评价体系建构[J].外语学刊,2014(6).‖Yan,M.On the Construction of an Assessment System of College Academic English Writing Competence[J].Foreign Language Research,2014(6).
曾蕾尚康康.学术英语教学与学科英语研究的互动模式探讨[J].西安外国语大学学报,2018(1).‖Zeng,L.,Shang,K.-K.The Interactive Model Between Academic English Teaching and Disciplinary English Study[J].Journal of Xi'an International Studies University,2018(1).
张德禄.功能语言学语言教学研究成果概观[J].外语与外语教学,2005(1).‖Zhang,D.-L.A Survey of Studies on SFL-informed Language Teaching[J].Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,2005(1).
张为民张文霞刘梅华.通用英语教学转向学术英语教学的探索---清华大学公外本科生英语教学改革设想[J].外语研究,2011(5).‖Zhang,W.-M.,Zhang,W.-X.,Liu,M.-H.The Transformation of General English Teaching to EAP Teaching:The Reform Design in English Teaching of Non-English Undergraduates in Tsinghua University[J].Foreign Languages Research,2011(5).
Achugar,M.,Schleppegrell,M.,Oteíza,T.Engaging Teachers in Language Analysis:A Functional Linguistics Approach to Reflective Literacy[J].English Teaching:Practice and Critique,2007(2).
Bruce,I.Theory and Concepts of English for Academic Purposes[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2011.
Christie,F.Curriculum Macrogenres as Forms of Initiation into a Culture[A].In:Christie,F.,Marin,J.R.(Eds.),Genre and Institutions:Social Processes in the Workplace and School[C].London:Cassell,1997.
Colombi,M.,Schleppegrell,M.Theory and Practice in the Development of Advanced Literacy[A].In:Schleppegrell,M.,Colombi,M.(Eds.),Developing Advanced Literacy in First and Second Languages:Meaning with Power[C].London:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2002.
de Oliveira,L.,Schleppegrell,M.Focus on Grammar and Meaning[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015.
Ellis,R.,Basturkmen,H.,Loewen,S.Preemptive Focus on Form in the ESL Classroom[J].TESOL Quarterly,2001(3).
Fang,Z.-H.Functional Language Analysis:A Linguistically-informed Approach to Content Area Reading Instruction[J].Foreign Languages in China,2010(5).
Fang,Z.Academic Language and Subject-area Learning[A].In:Hinchman,K.,Appleman,D.(Eds.),Adolescent Literacies:A Handbook of Practice-based Research[C].New York:The Guilford Press,2016.
Fang,Z.,Schleppegrell,M.Reading in Secondary Content Areas:A Language-based Pedagogy[M].Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press,2008.
Fang,Z.,Schleppegrell,M.Disciplinary Literacies Across Content Areas:Supporting Secondary Reading Through Functional Language Analysis[J].Journal of Adolescent&Adult Literacy,2010(7).
Fang,Z.,Wang,Z.Beyond Rubrics:Using Functional Language Analysis to Evaluate Student Writing[J].Australian Journal of Language and Literacy,2011(2).
Flowerdew,J.,Peacock,M.Issues in EAP:A Preliminary Perspective[A].In:Flowerdew,J.,Peacock,M.(Eds.),Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
Halliday,M.A.K.Language and Knowledge:The‘Unpacking’of Text[A].In:Webster,J.(Ed.),The Language of Science[C].London:Continuum,1998/2004.
Halliday,M.A.K.,McIntosh,A.,Strevens,P.The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching[M].London:Longmans,1964.
Hyland,K.English for Academic Purposes:An Advanced Resource Book[M].London:Routledge,2006.
Hyland,K.Approaches[A].In:Basturkmen,H.(Ed.),English for Academic Purposes:Historical,Methodological and Theoretical Perspectives[C].London:Routledge,2009/2015.
Jordan,R.English for Academic Purposes:A Guide and Resource Book for Teachers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Martin,J.R.Genre and Literacy:Modeling Context in Educational Linguistics[J].Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,1993(13).
Moore,J.,Schleppegrell,M.Using a Functional Linguistics Metalanguage to Support Academic Language Development in the English Language Arts[J].Linguistics and Education,2014(6).
Schleppegrell,M.How SFL Can Inform Writing Instruction:The Grammar of Expository Essays[J].Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses,2000(4).
Schleppegrell,M.The Language of Schooling:A Functional Linguistics Perspective[M].Mahwah:Erlbaum,2004.
Schleppegrell,M.Systemic Functional Grammar in the K-12Classroom[A].In:Hinkel,E.(Ed.),Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning[C].New York:Routledge,2017.
Schleppegrell,M.,Achugar,M.Learning Language and Learning History:A Functional Linguistics Approach[J].TESOL Journal,2003(2).
Schleppegrell,M.,Moore,J.Linguistic Tools for Supporting Emergent Critical Language Awareness in the Elementary School[A].In:Harman,R.(Ed.),Bilingual Learners and Social Equity:Critical Approaches to Systemic Functional Linguistics[C].New York:Springer,2018.
Strevens,P.ESP after Twenty Years:A Re-appraisal[A].In:Tickoo,M.(Ed.),ESP:State of the Art[C].Singapore:SEAMEO Regional Language Center,1988.
Swales,M.EAP-related Linguistic Research:An Intellectual History[A].In:Basturkmen,H.(Ed.),English for Academic Purposes:Historical,Methodological and Theoretical Perspectives[C].London:Routledge,2001/2015.
蔡基刚.从通用英语到学术英语---回归大学英语教学本位[J].外语与外语教学,2014(1).‖Cai,J.-G.From General English to EAP:A Return to the Nature of College English Teaching[J].Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,2014(1).
何中清王科苑.功能语言分析视角下的数学语篇中的衔接特征[J].北京科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5).‖He,Z.-Q.,Wang,K.-Y.A Functional Language Analysis Approach to the Cohesive Features in Mathematical Discourse[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition),2018(5).
林易陈卓李丙午.学术英语课程体系建设研究---以某大学研究生英语教改为例[J].华中师范大学学报,2013(4).‖Lin,Y.,Chen,Z.,Li,B.-W.The Construction of the Curriculum of EAP Courses:A Case Study of College English Reform in a University[J].Journal of Central China Normal University,2013(4).
彭宣维.话语回应中的衔接性隐喻及其数学表征[J].现代外语,2018(4).‖Peng,X.-W.Cohesive Metaphor of Responses in Discourse Progression and Its Mathematical Representation[J].Modern Foreign Language,2018(4).
齐曦.大学英语转型背景下“学术英语”课程模块的建构[J].外语界,2015(6).‖Qi,X.The Curriculum Design of EAP Courses under the Background of the Transition of College English[J].Foreign Language World,2015(6).
孙厌舒.学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究[J].外语学刊,2016(1).‖Sun,Y.-S.A Study on Citing Practice in English Academic Writings by EFL Learners[J].Foreign Language Research,2016(1).
孙迎晖.功能语言学在基于学科内容教学的应用研究---以方志辉等最新研究成果为例[J].北京科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013(5).‖Sun,Y.-H.The Application of Systemic Functional Linguistics to Content Area Teaching:A Case of Fang Zhihui’s Latest Studies[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition),2013(5).
熊丽君殷猛.论非英语专业学术英语写作课堂的建构---基于中美学术英语写作的研究[J].外语教学,2009(2).‖Xiong,L.-J.,Yin,M.The Construction of English Academic Writing Class of Non-English Majors Based on the Studies on English Academic Writing in China and the US[J].Foreign Language Education,2009(2).
严明.高校学术英语写作能力评价体系建构[J].外语学刊,2014(6).‖Yan,M.On the Construction of an Assessment System of College Academic English Writing Competence[J].Foreign Language Research,2014(6).
曾蕾尚康康.学术英语教学与学科英语研究的互动模式探讨[J].西安外国语大学学报,2018(1).‖Zeng,L.,Shang,K.-K.The Interactive Model Between Academic English Teaching and Disciplinary English Study[J].Journal of Xi'an International Studies University,2018(1).
张德禄.功能语言学语言教学研究成果概观[J].外语与外语教学,2005(1).‖Zhang,D.-L.A Survey of Studies on SFL-informed Language Teaching[J].Foreign Languages and Their Teaching,2005(1).
张为民张文霞刘梅华.通用英语教学转向学术英语教学的探索---清华大学公外本科生英语教学改革设想[J].外语研究,2011(5).‖Zhang,W.-M.,Zhang,W.-X.,Liu,M.-H.The Transformation of General English Teaching to EAP Teaching:The Reform Design in English Teaching of Non-English Undergraduates in Tsinghua University[J].Foreign Languages Research,2011(5).
Achugar,M.,Schleppegrell,M.,Oteíza,T.Engaging Teachers in Language Analysis:A Functional Linguistics Approach to Reflective Literacy[J].English Teaching:Practice and Critique,2007(2).
Bruce,I.Theory and Concepts of English for Academic Purposes[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2011.
Christie,F.Curriculum Macrogenres as Forms of Initiation into a Culture[A].In:Christie,F.,Marin,J.R.(Eds.),Genre and Institutions:Social Processes in the Workplace and School[C].London:Cassell,1997.
Colombi,M.,Schleppegrell,M.Theory and Practice in the Development of Advanced Literacy[A].In:Schleppegrell,M.,Colombi,M.(Eds.),Developing Advanced Literacy in First and Second Languages:Meaning with Power[C].London:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2002.
de Oliveira,L.,Schleppegrell,M.Focus on Grammar and Meaning[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,2015.
Ellis,R.,Basturkmen,H.,Loewen,S.Preemptive Focus on Form in the ESL Classroom[J].TESOL Quarterly,2001(3).
Fang,Z.-H.Functional Language Analysis:A Linguistically-informed Approach to Content Area Reading Instruction[J].Foreign Languages in China,2010(5).
Fang,Z.Academic Language and Subject-area Learning[A].In:Hinchman,K.,Appleman,D.(Eds.),Adolescent Literacies:A Handbook of Practice-based Research[C].New York:The Guilford Press,2016.
Fang,Z.,Schleppegrell,M.Reading in Secondary Content Areas:A Language-based Pedagogy[M].Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press,2008.
Fang,Z.,Schleppegrell,M.Disciplinary Literacies Across Content Areas:Supporting Secondary Reading Through Functional Language Analysis[J].Journal of Adolescent&Adult Literacy,2010(7).
Fang,Z.,Wang,Z.Beyond Rubrics:Using Functional Language Analysis to Evaluate Student Writing[J].Australian Journal of Language and Literacy,2011(2).
Flowerdew,J.,Peacock,M.Issues in EAP:A Preliminary Perspective[A].In:Flowerdew,J.,Peacock,M.(Eds.),Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
Halliday,M.A.K.Language and Knowledge:The‘Unpacking’of Text[A].In:Webster,J.(Ed.),The Language of Science[C].London:Continuum,1998/2004.
Halliday,M.A.K.,McIntosh,A.,Strevens,P.The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching[M].London:Longmans,1964.
Hyland,K.English for Academic Purposes:An Advanced Resource Book[M].London:Routledge,2006.
Hyland,K.Approaches[A].In:Basturkmen,H.(Ed.),English for Academic Purposes:Historical,Methodological and Theoretical Perspectives[C].London:Routledge,2009/2015.
Jordan,R.English for Academic Purposes:A Guide and Resource Book for Teachers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
Martin,J.R.Genre and Literacy:Modeling Context in Educational Linguistics[J].Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,1993(13).
Moore,J.,Schleppegrell,M.Using a Functional Linguistics Metalanguage to Support Academic Language Development in the English Language Arts[J].Linguistics and Education,2014(6).
Schleppegrell,M.How SFL Can Inform Writing Instruction:The Grammar of Expository Essays[J].Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses,2000(4).
Schleppegrell,M.The Language of Schooling:A Functional Linguistics Perspective[M].Mahwah:Erlbaum,2004.
Schleppegrell,M.Systemic Functional Grammar in the K-12Classroom[A].In:Hinkel,E.(Ed.),Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning[C].New York:Routledge,2017.
Schleppegrell,M.,Achugar,M.Learning Language and Learning History:A Functional Linguistics Approach[J].TESOL Journal,2003(2).
Schleppegrell,M.,Moore,J.Linguistic Tools for Supporting Emergent Critical Language Awareness in the Elementary School[A].In:Harman,R.(Ed.),Bilingual Learners and Social Equity:Critical Approaches to Systemic Functional Linguistics[C].New York:Springer,2018.
Strevens,P.ESP after Twenty Years:A Re-appraisal[A].In:Tickoo,M.(Ed.),ESP:State of the Art[C].Singapore:SEAMEO Regional Language Center,1988.
Swales,M.EAP-related Linguistic Research:An Intellectual History[A].In:Basturkmen,H.(Ed.),English for Academic Purposes:Historical,Methodological and Theoretical Perspectives[C].London:Routledge,2001/2015.