荆江典型碍航河段航道整治工程对三峡蓄水适应性分析
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摘要
针对三峡蓄水过程中的荆江典型碍航河段,研究了航道整治工程对蓄水过程的适应性及工程效果。通过实测水沙、地形资料,分析了三峡蓄水后荆江河段河床冲淤规律及航道条件变化,以窑监河段为研究对象,采用二维水沙数学模型模拟了守护型工程和调整型工程对于汛后蓄水过程的适应性。结果表明:在三峡水库蓄水后"清水冲刷"的前提条件下,守护型工程对改善航道效果有着积极作用,但需满足一定条件,主要是浅水道处于较好的演变阶段,并且整治目标与现状条件差距不大;而对三峡水库汛后蓄水过程较为敏感的河段,彻底改善或提高航道条件,需采用一定的调整型整治工程。研究成果可供三峡工程坝下河段航道整治研究等参考。
This paper reports a study on the responses of waterway regulation projects to the Three Gorges reservoir impounding and the effects of a typical regulated navigation-obstructing section of the Jingjiang River during the impounding. Measured data of the river flow, sediment transport and topography were adopted in this study to analyze the trends of riverbed scour and deposition and the changes in waterway conditions in the regulated Yaojiang bend section after the impounding. We used a two-dimensional flow and sediment transport mathematical model to simulate this bend section and the actual effects of its guard projects and adjustable projects at an impounding stage of the reservoir following flood season. The results show that under the scour of river flow carrying little sediment at the impounding stage, the guard projects can significantly improve the waterways if certain conditions are met ? shallow waterways are in a good evolution stage and the regulation targets don't differ much from their existing conditions. And adjustable regulation projects are needed to satisfactorily improve the conditions of those sections that are sensitive to the Three Gorges impounding stage following flood season.
This paper reports a study on the responses of waterway regulation projects to the Three Gorges reservoir impounding and the effects of a typical regulated navigation-obstructing section of the Jingjiang River during the impounding. Measured data of the river flow, sediment transport and topography were adopted in this study to analyze the trends of riverbed scour and deposition and the changes in waterway conditions in the regulated Yaojiang bend section after the impounding. We used a two-dimensional flow and sediment transport mathematical model to simulate this bend section and the actual effects of its guard projects and adjustable projects at an impounding stage of the reservoir following flood season. The results show that under the scour of river flow carrying little sediment at the impounding stage, the guard projects can significantly improve the waterways if certain conditions are met ? shallow waterways are in a good evolution stage and the regulation targets don't differ much from their existing conditions. And adjustable regulation projects are needed to satisfactorily improve the conditions of those sections that are sensitive to the Three Gorges impounding stage following flood season.
引文
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[13]张明进,杨燕华,张华庆,等.三峡水库蓄水后守护型工程对改善长江中游航道条件的作用[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(4):55-58.ZHANH Mingjin,YANG Yanhua,ZHANG Huaqing,et al.Effect of protective control works on improving waterway condition in middle reaches of Yangtze River after impounding of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(4):55-58.(in Chinese)
[14]江凌.长江中游宜昌至武汉河段航道建设思路探讨[J].水运工程,2014(12):116-121.JIANG Ling.Ideas on channel regulation for Yichang to Wuhan reach[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2014(12):116-121.(in Chinese)
[15]韩其为.水库淤积[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.HAN Qiwei.Reservoir sedimentation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[16]郭小虎,李义天,渠庚,等.三峡工程蓄水后长江中游泥沙输移规律分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(5):11-17.GUO Xiaohu,LI Yitian,QU Geng,et al.Analysis of sediment transport in Middle Yangtze River after filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(5):11-17.(in Chinese)
[17]唐金武,由星莹,李义天,等.三峡水库蓄水对长江中下游航道影响分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(1):102-107.TANG Jinwu,YOU Xingying,LI Yitian,et al.Annual analysis of Yaojian reach riverbed evolution before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(1):102-107.(in Chinese)
[18]何传金.长江中游荆江河段航道治理思路、对策及初步成效[J].水运工程,2015(2):174-181.HE Chuanjin.Waterway regulation ideas,counter-measures and initial effects for Jingjiag reach in middle Yangtze River[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2015(2):174-181.(in Chinese)
[19]陈飞,付中敏,刘怀汉,等.三峡水库蓄水对下荆江监利河段航道条件影响分析[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(2):91-95.CHEN Fei,FU Zhongmin,LIU Huaihan,et al.Analysis of impact on navigation conditions in the Jianli reach after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(2):91-95.(in Chinese)
[20]杨燕华,张明进.长江中游荆江河段不同类型分汊河段演变趋势预测研究[J].中国水运:航道科技,2016(1):1-5.YANG Yanhua,ZHANG Mingjin.Prediction on evolution trend of different types of braided reaches in Jingjiang Reache of Middle Yangtze River[J].China Water Transportation(Science&Technology for Waterway),2016(1):1-5.(in Chinese)
[21]李一兵,冯小香,陈立,等.长江中游水沙运动及河床演变[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2015.LI Yibing,FENG Xiaoxiang,CHEN Li,et al.Water and sediment transport and riverbed evolution of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[2]Brandt S A.Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams[J].Catena,2000,40(4):375-401.
[3]姚仕明,卢金友.三峡水库蓄水运用前后坝下游水沙输移特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3):117-123.YAO Shiming,LU Jinyou.Research on water and sediment transport characteristics downstream the Three Gorges Reservoir before and after its impoundment[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(3):117-123.(in Chinese)
[4]杨燕华,张明进,王建军.三峡蓄水后宜昌至武汉段新水沙特性研究[J].水道港口,2013,34(4):327-334.YANG Yanhua,ZHANG Mingjin,WANG Jianjun.Research on new characteristics of runoff and sediment in Yichang-Wuhan reach of middle Yangtze River after TGR impoundment[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2013,34(4):327-334.(in Chinese)
[5]Dai S B,Yang S L,Li M.The sharp decrease in suspended sediment supply from China’s rivers to the sea:Anthropogenic and natural causes[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,2009,54(1):135-146.
[6]许全喜.三峡工程蓄水运用前后长江中下游干流河道冲淤规律研究[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(2):146-154.XU Quanxi.Study of sediment deposition and erosion patterns in the middle and downstream Changjiang mainstream after impoundment of TGR[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(2):146-154.(in Chinese)
[7]韩剑桥,孙昭华,黄颖,等.三峡水库蓄水后荆江沙质河段冲淤分布特征及成因[J].水利学报,2014,45(3):277-285,295.HAN Jianqiao,SUN Zhaohua,HUANG Ying,et al.Features and causes of sediment deposition and erosion in Jingjiang reach after impoundment of the Three Gorges Project[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(3):277-285,295.(in Chinese)
[8]假冬冬,邵学军,蒋海峰,等.水沙调节后荆江典型河道横向调整过程的响应——II.上、下荆江调整差异初探[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):205-211.JIA Dongdong,SHAO Xuejun,JIANG Haifeng,et al.Responses of channel migration to changes of flow and sediment regime in the Jingjiang reach of the middle Yangtze River:II:Differences between upper and lower sections[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):205-211.(in Chinese)
[9]朱玲玲,葛华.三峡水库175 m蓄水后荆江典型分汊河段演变趋势预测[J].泥沙研究,2016(2):33-39.ZHU Lingling,GE Hua.Recent fluvial processes of typical braided channel in upper Jingjiang reach[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2016(2):33-39.(in Chinese)
[10]江凌,李义天,孙昭华,等.三峡工程蓄水后荆江沙质河段河床演变及对航道的影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(1):1-10.JIANG Ling,LI Yitian,SUN Zhaohua,et al.Channel evolution of Jingjiang reach and its influences on waterway after impoundment of the Three Gorges Project[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2010,18(1):1-10.(in Chinese)
[11]韩林峰,王平义,牟萍.三峡蓄水后新水沙条件下荆江河段整治建筑物损毁原因分析[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(25):201-208.HAN Linfeng,WANG Pingyi,MU Ping.The reasons for damage of regulation structures under the new condition of water and silt in Jing River after the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(25):201-208.(in Chinese)
[12]殷缶,梅深.中国政府投资44亿元整治长江中游荆江航道[J].水道港口,2013(2):173.YIN Fou,MEI Shen.The Chinese government invests RMB 4.4 billion Yuan to regulate the waterway of Jingjiang River in the middle reach of Yangtze River[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2013(2):173.(in Chinese)
[13]张明进,杨燕华,张华庆,等.三峡水库蓄水后守护型工程对改善长江中游航道条件的作用[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(4):55-58.ZHANH Mingjin,YANG Yanhua,ZHANG Huaqing,et al.Effect of protective control works on improving waterway condition in middle reaches of Yangtze River after impounding of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2015,35(4):55-58.(in Chinese)
[14]江凌.长江中游宜昌至武汉河段航道建设思路探讨[J].水运工程,2014(12):116-121.JIANG Ling.Ideas on channel regulation for Yichang to Wuhan reach[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2014(12):116-121.(in Chinese)
[15]韩其为.水库淤积[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.HAN Qiwei.Reservoir sedimentation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[16]郭小虎,李义天,渠庚,等.三峡工程蓄水后长江中游泥沙输移规律分析[J].泥沙研究,2014(5):11-17.GUO Xiaohu,LI Yitian,QU Geng,et al.Analysis of sediment transport in Middle Yangtze River after filling of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2014(5):11-17.(in Chinese)
[17]唐金武,由星莹,李义天,等.三峡水库蓄水对长江中下游航道影响分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(1):102-107.TANG Jinwu,YOU Xingying,LI Yitian,et al.Annual analysis of Yaojian reach riverbed evolution before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(1):102-107.(in Chinese)
[18]何传金.长江中游荆江河段航道治理思路、对策及初步成效[J].水运工程,2015(2):174-181.HE Chuanjin.Waterway regulation ideas,counter-measures and initial effects for Jingjiag reach in middle Yangtze River[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2015(2):174-181.(in Chinese)
[19]陈飞,付中敏,刘怀汉,等.三峡水库蓄水对下荆江监利河段航道条件影响分析[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(2):91-95.CHEN Fei,FU Zhongmin,LIU Huaihan,et al.Analysis of impact on navigation conditions in the Jianli reach after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(2):91-95.(in Chinese)
[20]杨燕华,张明进.长江中游荆江河段不同类型分汊河段演变趋势预测研究[J].中国水运:航道科技,2016(1):1-5.YANG Yanhua,ZHANG Mingjin.Prediction on evolution trend of different types of braided reaches in Jingjiang Reache of Middle Yangtze River[J].China Water Transportation(Science&Technology for Waterway),2016(1):1-5.(in Chinese)
[21]李一兵,冯小香,陈立,等.长江中游水沙运动及河床演变[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2015.LI Yibing,FENG Xiaoxiang,CHEN Li,et al.Water and sediment transport and riverbed evolution of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2015.(in Chinese)