美国密西西比河与长江黄金水道粮食运输的对比分析
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摘要
内河粮食运输存在着效率低、耗损大、品质难以保证的问题,而长江黄金水道是粮食内河运输的重要通道,因此,如何最大限度地发挥长江航道运能大、能耗小、成本低的优势就显得尤为紧迫。密西西比河是美国南北航运的大动脉,年货运量超过10亿t,美国一半左右的谷物出口要通过密西西比河运输。高效的密西西比河驳船运输方式,极大地提高了美国出口粮食在国际市场上的竞争力。从航道、运输船舶和船型技术参数这3个方面进行对比分析,以期为我国发展长江黄金水道粮食运输提供借鉴。
The inland transportation of grain has multiple problems such as low efficiency and high consumption,and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the grain. The Yangtze River golden waterway is an important channel of inland water transportation of grain,therefore,it is particularly urgent to maximizing advantages of the Yangtze River waterway's large transportation capacity,low energy consumption and low cost. The Mississippi River is the main artery of American shipping,with a freight traffic of more than 10 million tons per year,and about half of the American export grain is transported across the Mississippi River. High efficiency and low cost of transportation of the Mississippi River greatly raises the competitiveness of American food in the international market.Based on the comparative analysis in three aspects including waterway, shipping vessel and ship type, we may provide reference for the grain transportation in the Yangtze River golden waterway.
The inland transportation of grain has multiple problems such as low efficiency and high consumption,and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the grain. The Yangtze River golden waterway is an important channel of inland water transportation of grain,therefore,it is particularly urgent to maximizing advantages of the Yangtze River waterway's large transportation capacity,low energy consumption and low cost. The Mississippi River is the main artery of American shipping,with a freight traffic of more than 10 million tons per year,and about half of the American export grain is transported across the Mississippi River. High efficiency and low cost of transportation of the Mississippi River greatly raises the competitiveness of American food in the international market.Based on the comparative analysis in three aspects including waterway, shipping vessel and ship type, we may provide reference for the grain transportation in the Yangtze River golden waterway.
引文
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[2]交通运输部.中国港口年鉴[M].北京:中国港口杂志社,2014.
[3]季昌化.密西西比河的航运工程[J].人民长江,1985(6):49-53.
[4]YU T H.Essay on the upper Mississippi river and Illinois waterway and U.S.Grain market[D].Texas:Texas A&M University,2005.
[5]石俊令,韩琳.适用于国内北粮南运的船型分析[J].船海工程,2010,39(4):14-16.
[6]高嵩,梁玉洁.长江集装箱江海直达运输发展现状及策略[J].综合运输,2016(1):29-36.
[7]周凯捷.长江干线集装箱运输市场及船型问题研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2014.
[8]张伟,王志芳,刘光明.从轮驳退场看长江黄金水道船舶大型化[J].中国船检,2015(8):49-53.
[9]殷缶,梅深.荆江航道整治工程完工长江航运“瓶颈”初步打通[J].水道港口,2016(1):54.