城市黑烟车颗粒物排放水平与组分研究
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摘要
为研究黑烟车颗粒物的排放特征,通过台架测试对12辆测试车辆排放的颗粒物进行了采集,进一步采用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)分析了同排放标准同车型的黑烟车与非黑烟车所排放颗粒物在粒径、化学组分上的差异。结果表明:黑烟车颗粒物排放水平高于非黑烟车;黑烟车和非黑烟车排放以超细颗粒(粒径小于1.0μm)为主,而黑烟车排放粒径小于300nm、1.0~2.5μm范围的颗粒物占PM2.5总数的比例均高于非黑烟车;黑烟车排放颗粒物碳质组分以长链碳为主,而非黑烟车颗粒物碳质组分以短碳链为主。因此,黑烟车颗粒物具有排放水平高、300nm以下粒径颗粒比例高、长碳链多的特征,对环境和人体健康的危害更大,在机动车污染防治工作中应给予足够重视。
To study PM emission characteristics of smoky vehicle,the bench testing was carried out on 12 tested vehicles to collect emitted PM. Further,the single particle aerosol mass spectrometer( SPAMS) was used to analyze the difference in particle size and chemical component of PM from smoky vehicles and smokeless vehicles with same emission standard and vehicle type. The results showed that the level of PM emissions from smoky vehicle was higher than that of smokeless vehicle.Ultrafine particles( size less than 1. 0μm) were dominant among PM emitted by smoky vehicles and smokeless vehicles. The proportion of PM with size less than 300 nm and in the range of 1. 0 ~ 2. 5μm emitted by smoky vehicles in the total number of PM2. 5 was higher than that of smokeless vehicle. Carbon component of PM emitted by smoky vehicles was mainly long carbon chain,but carbon component of PM emitted by smokeless vehicles was mainly short carbon chain. Therefore,PM from smoky vehicles has high emission level, high percentage of PM size less than 300 nm, and long carbon chain, which are more harmful to the environment and human health. Smoky vehicles should be given enough attention in the work of motor vehicle pollution prevention and control.
To study PM emission characteristics of smoky vehicle,the bench testing was carried out on 12 tested vehicles to collect emitted PM. Further,the single particle aerosol mass spectrometer( SPAMS) was used to analyze the difference in particle size and chemical component of PM from smoky vehicles and smokeless vehicles with same emission standard and vehicle type. The results showed that the level of PM emissions from smoky vehicle was higher than that of smokeless vehicle.Ultrafine particles( size less than 1. 0μm) were dominant among PM emitted by smoky vehicles and smokeless vehicles. The proportion of PM with size less than 300 nm and in the range of 1. 0 ~ 2. 5μm emitted by smoky vehicles in the total number of PM2. 5 was higher than that of smokeless vehicle. Carbon component of PM emitted by smoky vehicles was mainly long carbon chain,but carbon component of PM emitted by smokeless vehicles was mainly short carbon chain. Therefore,PM from smoky vehicles has high emission level, high percentage of PM size less than 300 nm, and long carbon chain, which are more harmful to the environment and human health. Smoky vehicles should be given enough attention in the work of motor vehicle pollution prevention and control.
引文
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[3]Jaiprakash G H.Chemical and optical properties of PM2.5from on-road operation of light duty vehicles in Delhi city[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,586:900-916.
[4]JO Müller,DS Su,RE Jentoft,et al.Diesel engine exhaust emission:oxidative behavior and microstructure of black smoke soot particulate[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(4):1231-1236.
[5]柯晶晶.香港管制车辆排放黑烟[J].福建环境,1999(3):40.
[6]钱利东.浅谈城市公交柴油客车排黑烟原因及对策[J].交通节能与环保,2009(3):17-19.
[7]周欣悦,严国庆,王艳娜.城市公交汽车冒黑烟治理方法[J].中小企业管理与科技,2009(2):193-193.
[8]徐德伟.实施黑烟车智能监控的必要性及方法的探讨[J].化工管理,2016(18):167-167.
[9]吴明.加载减速工况法广东地方标准分析[J].公路与汽运,2010(1):15-18.
[10]李磊,谭国斌,张莉,等.运用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪分析柴油车排放颗粒物[J].分析化学,2013,41(12):1831-1836.
[11]Laskin A,Laskin J,Nizkorodov S A.Mass spectrometric approaches for chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols:critical review of the most recent advances[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,9(9):163-189.
[12]Budisulistiorini S H,Canagaratna M R,Croteau P L,et al.Real-time continuous characterization of secondary organic aerosol derived from isoprene epoxydiols in downtown Atlanta,Georgia,using the aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(11):5686-5694.
[13]马春香,边喜龙,强建华,等.柴油车尾气颗粒物排放现状评价[J].黑龙江环境通报,2014,38(4):17-18.
[14]M.Jiang,L.C.Marr,E.J.Dunlea,et al.Vehicle fleet emissions of black carbon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and other pollutants measured by a mobile laboratory in Mexico City[J].Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics,2005,5(4):7387-7414.
[15]林杰豪,赵慧洁.基于路边抽检的佛山市禅城区机动车尾气排放分析[J].科技创新导报,2015,12(8):102-103.
[16]胡宇,商正松,王金乐,等.交通来源颗粒物粒径分布特征及其排放因子研究[J].环保科技,2015,21(1):25-27.
[17]宁智,刘双喜,资新运.柴油机排气微粒特性的试验研究[J].环境科学学报,2003,23(6):765-769.
[18]毋波波.北京市柴油车气态污染物和颗粒物化学组分排放特征研究[D].北京:北京工商大学,2016.