高速载流摩擦接触面温度的特性
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摘要
高速载流摩擦过程中,温度是影响摩擦副相互摩擦产生磨损的重要因素。为了解接触面的温度特性,通过对接触面温度进行瞬态热分析,建立了高速载流摩擦试验机温度场计算模型,给出了不同条件下接触面温升变化规律,并采用红外测温方法进行实验验证。结果表明:在高速载流摩擦过程中,加载电流在200~300 k A条件下,电弧热量是影响接触面瞬态高温的主要因素。在固定摩擦件同一位置处,加载电流越大,温度越高,但接触面最高温度值增加幅度并不明显。根据所建接触面温度模型和温度测量方法得出的高速载流摩擦过程中温度的分布情况,有利于表征摩擦副间接触状态,可为降低高速载流摩擦在高温下的磨损损伤程度提供有力的技术支持。
In a high speed current-carrying system, temperature plays a key role in wear between the friction pair. Therefore, it is necessary to research the characteristics of contact surface temperature in high speed current-carrying system. Based on the research of thermal analysis on transient temperature of contact surface, a temperature caculation model of the high speed current carrying friction testing machine was established, and the temperature rise of the contact surface area was simulated. Moreover, an infrared temperature measurement method was adopted to verify the simulation in the experiments. The results show that arc heat is the predominant factor in causing transient high temperature under the loaded current of 200~300 k A in the high speed current-carrying system. At a certain location, the greater the load current is, the higher the temperature will be. However, rises of the highest temperature of contact surface are not obvious. Distribution of contact surface temperature, which is beneficial to characterize the contact state between friction pair, is showed by the temperature model and temperature measurement in the paper. The study provides a strong reference value for reducing the wear and damage in high temperature.
In a high speed current-carrying system, temperature plays a key role in wear between the friction pair. Therefore, it is necessary to research the characteristics of contact surface temperature in high speed current-carrying system. Based on the research of thermal analysis on transient temperature of contact surface, a temperature caculation model of the high speed current carrying friction testing machine was established, and the temperature rise of the contact surface area was simulated. Moreover, an infrared temperature measurement method was adopted to verify the simulation in the experiments. The results show that arc heat is the predominant factor in causing transient high temperature under the loaded current of 200~300 k A in the high speed current-carrying system. At a certain location, the greater the load current is, the higher the temperature will be. However, rises of the highest temperature of contact surface are not obvious. Distribution of contact surface temperature, which is beneficial to characterize the contact state between friction pair, is showed by the temperature model and temperature measurement in the paper. The study provides a strong reference value for reducing the wear and damage in high temperature.
引文
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[15]董霖,李传喜,陈光雄,等.弓网载流摩擦耦合温度场的仿真研究[J].中国铁道科学,2014,25(3):102-106.DONG Lin,LI Chuanxi,CHEN Guangxiong,et al.Simulation study on coupling temperature field under pantograph-catenary friction with electric current[J].China Railway Science,2014,25(3):102-106.
[16]王英,刘志刚,母秀清,等.升降弓电接触的接触线暂态热流建模与验证[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(2):2663-2672.WANG Ying,LIU Zhigang,MU Xiuqing,et al.Modeling and verification of contact line transient temperature difference based on lifting or lowering the pantograph electric contacts[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(2):2663-2672.
[17]吴广宁,古圳,高国强,等.弓网电弧形态特性试验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3531-3537.WU Guangning,GU Zhen,GAO Guoqiang,et al.Experimental research on morphological characteristics of pantograph-catenary arc[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3531-3537.
[18]马云双,高国强,朱光亚.高速列车弓网电弧温度场特性仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3597-3603.MA Yunshuang,GAO Guoqiang,ZHU Guangya.Numerical simulation and analysis of temperature distribution of pantograph-catenary arc characteristics of high-speed train[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3597-3603.
[19]JR F E K.Surface temperatures in sliding systems-A finite element analysis[J].Journal of Tribology,1980,103(1):90-96.
[20]HSIEH K T,SATAPATHY S,HSIEH M T.Effects of pressure-dependent contact resistivity on contact interfacial conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(1):313-318.
[21]陶文铨.传热学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006:112-114.TAO Wenxuan.Heat transfer theory[M].Xi’an,China:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press,2006:112-114.
[22]李昕.电磁轨道炮电枢特性理论研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2009:13-14.LI Xin.Theoretical study on the properties of the armature in railgun[D].Nanjing,China:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2009:13-14.
[23]ROBERTSON S R.A dinite element analysis of the thermal behavior of contacts[J].IEEE Transactions on CHMT,1982,5(1):3-10.
[24]NIED H,SCHLANSKER C.The thermo structural analysis of electric contacts using a finite element model[J].IEEE Transactions on Components Hybrids&Manufacturing Technology,1984,7(1):112-124.
[25]吴积钦.受电弓-接触网系统电接触特性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009:58-62.WU Jiqin.Study on the characteristics of electric contact between pantograph and overhead contact line[D].Chengdu,China:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009:58-62.
[26]徐伟东,袁伟群,陈允,等.电磁轨道发射器连续发射的滑动电接触[J].强激光与粒子束,2012,24(3):668-672.XU Weidong,YUAN Weiqun,CHEN Yun,et al.Sliding electrical contact performance of electromagnetic launcher system in rapid fire mode[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2012,24(3):668-672.
[27]李春茂,朱宁俊,吴广宁,等.弓网系统动态接触电阻数学模型的研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3554-3560.LI Chunmao,ZHU Ningjun,WU Guangning,et al.Investigation on the mathematical model of dynamic contact resistance of pantograph-catenary system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3554-3560.
[2]TU J P,QI W X,YANG Y Z,et al.Effect of aging treatment on the electrical sliding wear behavior of Cu–Cr–Zr alloy[J].Wear,2001,249(10):1021-1027.
[3]XIA S,HE J,CHEN L,et al.Studies on interference fit between armature and rails in railguns[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2011,39(1):186-191.
[4]翟文杰,齐毓霖.干摩擦下金属表面膜及磨粒对摩擦行为及自生电势的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2001,21(1):78-82.ZHAI Wenjie,QI Yulin.Effects of metallic surface film and wear debris on the dry sliding behavior and self-generated voltage of various metal-metal systems[J].Tribology,2001,21(1):70-72.
[5]翟文杰,山本雄二.外加电场对边界润滑条件下——钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2000,20(6):93-97.ZHAI Wenjie,SHANBEN Xionger.The effect of externally applied voltage on tribological characteristics of steel rubbing pairs under boundary lubrication[J].Tribology,2000,20(6):435-438.
[6]王英,刘志刚,黄可,等.计及机械和电气特性的弓网表面热流分析和计算[J].铁道学报,2014,36(7):36-43.WANG Ying,LIU Zhigang,HUANG Ke,et al.Pantograph-catenary surface heat flow analysis and calculations based on mechanical and electrical charactics[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(7):36-43.
[7]PAULMIER D,MANSORI M E,ZAIDI H.Study of magnetized or electrical sliding contact of a steel XC48/graphite couple[J].Wear,1997,204:148-154.
[8]陈允,徐伟东,袁伟群,等.电磁发射中铝电枢与不同材料导轨间的滑动电接触特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(4):937-942.CHEN Yun,XU Weidong,YUAN Weiqun,et al.Sliding electrical contacts between aluminum armature and different material rail in railgun[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(4):937-942.
[9]朱仁贵,张倩,李治源,等.高功率脉冲电流作用下滑动界面初始熔蚀的试验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):1879-1884.ZHU Rengui,ZHANG Qian,LI Zhiyuan,et al.Experiment research on initial melt erosion at the sliding interface under high power pulse current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(6):1879-1884.
[10]SIDDESWARA P V,MISRA P,NAGARAJU J.An experimental study to show the behavior of electrical contact resistance and coefficient of friction at low current sliding electrical interfaces[C]∥IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts.[S.l.]:IEEE,2011:1-7.
[11]吴杰,高国强,魏文赋,等.弓网系统滑动电接触特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3635-3641.WU Jie,GAO Guoqiang,WEI Wenbin,et al.Characterization of sliding electrical contact of pantograph-catenary system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3635-3641.
[12]HE D H,MANORY R.A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors[J].Wear,2001,249(7):626-636.
[13]戴利民,林吉中,丁新华.滑板材料受流摩擦时接触点瞬态温升对磨损性能的影响[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(2):111-117.DAI Limin,LIN Jizhong,DING Xinhua.Effects of transient temperature rise in contact area on wear properties[J].China Railway Science,2002,23(2):111-117.
[14]高诚辉,黄健萌,林谢昭,等.盘式制动器摩擦磨损热动力学研究进展[J].中国工程机械学报,2006,4(1):83-88.GAO Chenghui,HUANG Jianmeng,LIN Xiezhao,et al.Research status on heat dynamics of friction and wear for disc-pad braking systems[J].Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery,2006,4(1):83-88.
[15]董霖,李传喜,陈光雄,等.弓网载流摩擦耦合温度场的仿真研究[J].中国铁道科学,2014,25(3):102-106.DONG Lin,LI Chuanxi,CHEN Guangxiong,et al.Simulation study on coupling temperature field under pantograph-catenary friction with electric current[J].China Railway Science,2014,25(3):102-106.
[16]王英,刘志刚,母秀清,等.升降弓电接触的接触线暂态热流建模与验证[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(2):2663-2672.WANG Ying,LIU Zhigang,MU Xiuqing,et al.Modeling and verification of contact line transient temperature difference based on lifting or lowering the pantograph electric contacts[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(2):2663-2672.
[17]吴广宁,古圳,高国强,等.弓网电弧形态特性试验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3531-3537.WU Guangning,GU Zhen,GAO Guoqiang,et al.Experimental research on morphological characteristics of pantograph-catenary arc[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3531-3537.
[18]马云双,高国强,朱光亚.高速列车弓网电弧温度场特性仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3597-3603.MA Yunshuang,GAO Guoqiang,ZHU Guangya.Numerical simulation and analysis of temperature distribution of pantograph-catenary arc characteristics of high-speed train[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3597-3603.
[19]JR F E K.Surface temperatures in sliding systems-A finite element analysis[J].Journal of Tribology,1980,103(1):90-96.
[20]HSIEH K T,SATAPATHY S,HSIEH M T.Effects of pressure-dependent contact resistivity on contact interfacial conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2009,45(1):313-318.
[21]陶文铨.传热学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006:112-114.TAO Wenxuan.Heat transfer theory[M].Xi’an,China:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press,2006:112-114.
[22]李昕.电磁轨道炮电枢特性理论研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2009:13-14.LI Xin.Theoretical study on the properties of the armature in railgun[D].Nanjing,China:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2009:13-14.
[23]ROBERTSON S R.A dinite element analysis of the thermal behavior of contacts[J].IEEE Transactions on CHMT,1982,5(1):3-10.
[24]NIED H,SCHLANSKER C.The thermo structural analysis of electric contacts using a finite element model[J].IEEE Transactions on Components Hybrids&Manufacturing Technology,1984,7(1):112-124.
[25]吴积钦.受电弓-接触网系统电接触特性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009:58-62.WU Jiqin.Study on the characteristics of electric contact between pantograph and overhead contact line[D].Chengdu,China:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009:58-62.
[26]徐伟东,袁伟群,陈允,等.电磁轨道发射器连续发射的滑动电接触[J].强激光与粒子束,2012,24(3):668-672.XU Weidong,YUAN Weiqun,CHEN Yun,et al.Sliding electrical contact performance of electromagnetic launcher system in rapid fire mode[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2012,24(3):668-672.
[27]李春茂,朱宁俊,吴广宁,等.弓网系统动态接触电阻数学模型的研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(11):3554-3560.LI Chunmao,ZHU Ningjun,WU Guangning,et al.Investigation on the mathematical model of dynamic contact resistance of pantograph-catenary system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(11):3554-3560.