顶部调控技术对云烟85烟叶质量和比例结构的影响
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摘要
为了探明顶部调控技术对烤烟云烟85烟叶质量和比例结构的影响,提高上部烟叶的可用性。采用大田试验,设置"常规打顶"、"打叶留茎"、"打叶留花"、"打叶留花+抑芽剂"4种处理,研究顶部调控技术对云烟85叶片生长、经济性状、化学成分、比例结构和评吸质量的影响。结果表明,打叶留茎对云烟85上部叶开片有促进效果,叶长和叶面积分别比对照提高了7.67%和16.38%。产量和产值与对照相比,打叶留茎处理提高了3.72%和5.43%,打叶留花+抑芽剂处理略有提高。打叶留花处理的产量比对照降低9.47%,差异显著。打叶留茎处理的上部叶比例比对照降低2.21%,中部叶比例提高了13.46%。打叶留花处理的上部叶比例比对照降低12.18%。3种顶部调控处理烟叶的还原糖和总糖含量较对照有增加趋势,烟碱含量降低,中部叶的钾素含量增加。打叶留花处理的中部和上部烟叶评吸质量总分最高。将常规化学成分、产值和评吸质量指标以不同权重进行综合评价,以打叶留茎处理最好,打叶留花次之。
In order to investigate the effect the topping-control technology on the quality and proportion structure of Yunyan 85 and improve the up leaf usability, four topping-control treatments, including topping, keeping stem unremoved, keeping flower unremoved and keeping flower unremoved plus suckercides, were adopted to study their effects on the growth, economic characters, chemical composition, structure proportion and smoking quality of the Yunyan 85 leaf in the field. The results showed that the stem unremoved treatment had an effect on the upper leaf and the leaf length and leaf area increased by 7.67% and 16.38%, respectively. Compared to the control, the yield and output value of the stem unremoved treatment increased by 3.72% and 5.43%, correspondingly and as lightly increase was observed in the keeping flower unremoved plus suckercides treatment and a decrease was seen in the by flower unremoved treatment. The proportion of the upper leaf by the stem unremoved treatment reduced by 2.21%, while that of the middle leaf increased by 13.46%. The proportion of the upper leaf by the flower unremoved treatment decreased by 12.18%. The total sugar content and the reduced sugar content in the tobacco leaf increased in different treatments and the nicotine content reduced. The potassium content in the middle leaf increased. The smoking total score of the tobacco leaf in the flower unremoved treatment was the highest. In summary, combined with the main quality evaluation, we can conclude that the stem unremoved treatment is the best, followed by the flower unremoved..
In order to investigate the effect the topping-control technology on the quality and proportion structure of Yunyan 85 and improve the up leaf usability, four topping-control treatments, including topping, keeping stem unremoved, keeping flower unremoved and keeping flower unremoved plus suckercides, were adopted to study their effects on the growth, economic characters, chemical composition, structure proportion and smoking quality of the Yunyan 85 leaf in the field. The results showed that the stem unremoved treatment had an effect on the upper leaf and the leaf length and leaf area increased by 7.67% and 16.38%, respectively. Compared to the control, the yield and output value of the stem unremoved treatment increased by 3.72% and 5.43%, correspondingly and as lightly increase was observed in the keeping flower unremoved plus suckercides treatment and a decrease was seen in the by flower unremoved treatment. The proportion of the upper leaf by the stem unremoved treatment reduced by 2.21%, while that of the middle leaf increased by 13.46%. The proportion of the upper leaf by the flower unremoved treatment decreased by 12.18%. The total sugar content and the reduced sugar content in the tobacco leaf increased in different treatments and the nicotine content reduced. The potassium content in the middle leaf increased. The smoking total score of the tobacco leaf in the flower unremoved treatment was the highest. In summary, combined with the main quality evaluation, we can conclude that the stem unremoved treatment is the best, followed by the flower unremoved..
引文
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[2]伍优,罗以贵,崔国民,等.重庆烟区K326上部烟叶烘烤工艺研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):213-220.
[3]李思云.烤烟打顶后环割对氮素分配及上部叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.
[4]宋莹丽,史宏志,何景福,等.不同施氮量下采收时期对上部叶质量和经济性状的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2014,35(2):94-100.
[5]许晓敬.生态、品种和栽培措施及其互作对烤烟品质及生理代谢的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
[6]郭丽琢,张福锁,李春俭,等.打顶对烟草生长、钾素吸收及其分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(7):819-822.
[7]郭东海,朱列书,宋正熊,等.不同打顶方式对烤烟上部叶化学成分的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):83-85.
[8]李健忠,薛立新,朱金峰,等.打顶后喷施油菜素内酯和生长素对烤烟田间生长、碳氮代谢及烟叶品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(11):1404-1412.
[9]邹焱,苏以荣.打顶后施用植物生长调节剂对烤烟钾和烟碱的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(2):75-79.
[10]吴彦辉,薛立新,许自成,等.断根结合生长素和钾肥施用对烤烟生长及糖碱比、有机钾指数的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5686-5695.
[11]邱尧,周冀衡,黄劭理,等.打顶后供钾水平对烟草体内钾素积累分配的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,2(36):68-75.
[12]李章海,刘登乾,田必文,等.打顶和施用NAA对烟株生长、烟碱合成和钾素吸收的影响[J].烟草科技,2008(9):52-56.
[13]陈爱国,王树声,申国明,等.打顶时间与外源生长素对烟叶成熟衰老及产量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2006,27(4):27-30.
[14]杨洁,胡日生,童建华,等.打顶对烟草腋芽生长及植物激素含量的影响[J].烟草科技,2013(10):72-77.
[15]刘卫群,丁永乐,张联合,等.烤烟打顶前后根系激素水平与物质代谢的关系初探[J].植物生理学通讯,2002,38(4):330-334.
[16]武云杰,杨铁钊,张小全,等.打顶时期对不同烤烟品种烘烤特性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(6):30-38.
[17]刘华山,田效园,韩锦峰,等.烟草对机械伤害的响应[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(3):58-62.
[18]李淼,屠乃美.打顶对烟叶产质量的影响研究进展[J].作物研究,2013,27(1):86-90.
[19]丁建龙,唐兴贵,周再军,等.打叶留花对提高烤烟上部叶可用性的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2014,41(3):424-429.
[20]徐安传,胡巍耀,王超,等.应用近红外技术直接检测烟丝常规化学成分的研究[J].激光与红外,2012,42(4):393-399.
[21]韩富根.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[22]王忠.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[23]韩锦峰.烟草栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[24]杜薇.提高烤烟上部叶可用性的NPK施肥优化研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2012.
[25]张渝婕,赵铭钦,贺凡,等.密度和氮用量对烤烟上部叶中性致香物质和感官质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2017,36(6):37-41.
[26]张鲁民,刘彦中.上部烟叶化学成分的差异分析[J].现代农业科学,2009,16(3):66-68.
[27]李章海,冯勇刚,刘登乾,等.我国烤烟主要化学成分Q型聚类分析研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(26):8256-8258.
[28]孙适.部分断根措施对烤烟氮素循环和上部叶化学成分的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.