论比较政治学的定量研究方法
摘要
在比较政治学领域,定量研究方法主要以国家为研究对象,通过运用数学方法,以政治现象的测量指标为数据来源,并从具体数据中抽象出规律或检验研究假设。比较政治学定量研究方法常包含四种基本处理技巧和七个操作步骤。其具体方法主要包括个案研究、小样本案例集中比较、真伪对照分析和统计分析。定量研究方法的思维逻辑来自于科学哲学中的实证主义。在检验三原则的影响下,比较政治学中的定量研究出现了三种研究学派的分野,即数量描述型定量研究、认知解释型定量研究和假设验证型定量研究。定量研究方法的研究者们难以消弭上述学派间的内部争论并不断与质性研究方法研究者们进行争辩。此种方法论的讨论一方面促使定量研究方法不断推陈出新,另一方面则导致了新的混合研究方法的出现。
引文
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[2]MUNCK G,SNYDER R.Passion,craft,and method in comparative colitics[M].MD:Johns Hopkins University Press,2007.
[3]LANDMAN T.Issues methods in comparative politics:an introduction[M].New York:Routledg,2003.
[4]LIJPHART A.Comparative politics and comparative method[J].The American Political Science Review,1971(3):682-693.
[5]OTTERBEIN K.The evolution of war:a cross-cultural study[M].New Haven:Hraf Press,1970.
[6]PRZEWORSKI A,TEUNE H.The logic of comparative social inquiry[M].NY:Wiley,1970.
[7]GURR T,DUVALL R.Civil conflict in the 1960s:a reciprocal theoretical system with parameter estimates[J].Comparative Political Studies,1973(2):135-169.
[8]MOONEY C.Bootstrap statistical inference:examples and evaluations from political science[J]American Journal of Political Science,1996(2):570-602.
[9]MANLY F.Manly,randomization,bootstrap and monte carlo methods in biology[M].Boca Raton:Chapman and Hall/CRC,1996.
[10]STIMSON J.Regression in Time and Space:A Statistical Essay[J]American Journal of Political Science,1985(4):915-947.
[11]王德育.政治学定量分析入门[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[12]庞珣.国际关系研究的定量方法:定义、规则与操作[J].世界经济与政治,2014(1):5-25.
[13]维克托·迈尔-舍恩伯格.大数据时代[M].杨燕,等译.杭州:浙江人民出版社,2013.
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[15]KING G,KEOHANE R,VERBA S.Designing social inquiry:scientific inference in qualitative research[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1994.