《国际功能、残疾和健康分类·足跟痛/足底筋膜炎:2014修订版》临床实践指南
|
摘要
美国物理治疗协会(APTA)骨科分会一直致力于为世界卫生组织国际功能、残疾与健康分类(ICF)所描述的肌肉骨骼障碍患者的骨科物理治疗管理制定循证实践指南。修订临床实践指南的目的是回顾最近的同行评议文献,并对非关节炎足跟痛作出建议。
The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association(APTA) has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health(ICF). The purpose of these revised clinical practice guidelines is to review recent peer-reviewed literature and make recommendations related to nonarthritic heel pain.
The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association(APTA) has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health(ICF). The purpose of these revised clinical practice guidelines is to review recent peer-reviewed literature and make recommendations related to nonarthritic heel pain.
引文
[1]World Health Organization.International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health:ICF[M].Geneva,Switzerland:World Health Organization,2009.
[2]PHILLIPS B,BALL C,SACKETT D,et al.Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine-Levels of Evidence(March 2009)[J].Available at:http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1025.Accessed August 4,2009.
[3]World Health Organization.ICD-10:International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems:Tenth Revision[M].Geneva,Switzerland:World Health Organization,2005.
[4]MCPOIL T G,MARTIN R L,CORNWALL M W,et al.Heel Pain-Plantar Fasciitis:Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Function,Disability,and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2008,38(4):A1-A18.
[5]ROME K,HOWE T,HASLOCK I.Risk factors associated with the development of plantar heel pain in athletes[J].Foot,2001,11:119-125.
[6]TAUNTON J E,RYAN M B,CLEMENT D B,et al.A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries[J].Br J Sports Med,2002,36(2):95-101.
[7]SOBHANI S,DEKKER R,POSTEMA K,et al.Epidemiology of ankle and foot overuse injuries in sports:a systematic review[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2013,23(6):669-686.
[8]LOPES A D,HESPANHOL JUNIOR L C,YEUNG S S,et al.What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries?ASystematic Review[J].Sports Med,2012,42(10):891-905.
[9]HILL C L,GILL T K,MENZ H B,et al.Prevalence and correlates of foot pain in a population-based study:the North West Adelaide health study[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2008,1(1):2.
[10]TENFORDE A S,SAYRES L C,MCCURDY M L,et al.Overuse injuries in high school runners:lifetime prevalence and prevention strategies[J].PM R,2011,3(2):125-131.
[11]DI CAPRIO F,BUDA R,MOSCA M,et al.Foot and lower limb diseases in runners:assessment of risk factors[J].J Sports Sci Med,2010,9(4):587-596.
[12]FABRIKANT J M,PARK T S.Plantar fasciitis(fasciosis)treatment outcome study:plantar fascia thickness measured by ultrasound and correlated with patient self-reported improvement[J].Foot(Edinb),2011,21(2):79-83.
[13]WEARING S C,SMEATHERS J E,SULLIVAN P M,et al.Plantar fasciitis:are pain and fascial thickness associated with arch shape and loading?[J].Phys Ther,2007,87(8):1002-1008.
[14]WU C H,CHANG K V,MIO S,et al.Sonoelastography of the plantar fascia[J].Radiology,2011,259(2):502-507.
[15]WEARING S C,SMEATHERS J E,YATES B,et al.Bulk compressive properties of the heel fat pad during walking:a pilot investigation in plantar heel pain[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2009,24(4):397-402.
[16]MAHOWALD S,LEGGE B S,GRADY J F.The correlation between plantar fascia thickness and symptoms of plantar fasciitis[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2011,101(5):385-389.
[17]LENTZ T A,SUTTON Z,GREENBERG S,et al.Pain-related fear contributes to self-reported disability in patients with foot and ankle pathology[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2010,91(4):557-561.
[18]SUTTON Z,GREENBURG S,BISHOP M.Association of pain related beliefs with disability and pain in patients with foot and/or ankle pain:a case series[J].Orthop Phys Ther Pract,2008,20:200-207.
[19]MARTIN R L,IRRGANG J J,CONTI S F.Outcome study of subjects with insertional plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Int,1998,19(12):803-811.
[20]WOLGIN M,COOK C,GRAHAM C,et al.Conservative treatment of plantar heel pain:long-term follow-up[J].Foot Ankle Int,1994,15(3):97-102.
[21]KLEIN S E,DALE A M,HAYES M H,et al.Clinical presentation and self-reported patterns of pain and function in patients with plantar heel pain[J].Foot Ankle Int,2012,33(3):693-698.
[22]YI T I,LEE G E,SEO I S,et al.Clinical characteristics of the causes of plantar heel pain[J].Ann Rehabil Med,2011,35(4):507-513.
[23]RIBEIRO A P,TROMBINI-SOUZA F,TESSUTTI V,et al.Rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch configurations of runners with symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis[J].Clinics(Sao Paulo),2011,66(6):1027-1033.
[24]POHL M B,HAMILL J,DAVIS I S.Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners[J].Clin J Sport Med,2009,19(5):372-376.
[25]BUTTERWORTH P A,LANDORF K B,SMITH S E,et al.The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders:a systematic review[J].Obes Rev,2012,13(7):630-642.
[26]IRVING D B,COOK J L,YOUNG M A,et al.Obesity and pronated foot type may increase the risk of chronic plantar heel pain:a matched case-control study[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2007,8:41.
[27]WERNER R A,GELL N,HARTIGAN A,et al.Risk factors for plantar fasciitis among assembly plant workers[J].PM R,2010,2(2):110-116.
[28]SAHIN N,OZTURK A,ATICI T.Foot mobility and plantar fascia elasticity in patients with plantar fasciitis[J].Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc,2010,44(5):385-391.
[29]PATEL A,DIGIOVANNI B.Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(1):5-8.
[30]LABOVITZ J M,YU J,KIM C.The role of hamstring tightness in plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Spec,2011,4(3):141-144.
[31]MAHMOOD S,HUFFMAN L K,HARRIS J G.Limb-length discrepancy as a cause of plantar fasciitis[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2010,100(6):452-455.
[32]CHANG R,KENT-BRAUN J A,HAMILL J.Use of MRI for volume estimation of tibialis posterior and plantar intrinsic foot muscles in healthy and chronic plantar fasciitis limbs[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2012,27(5):500-505.
[33]CORNWALL M W,MCPOIL T G,LEBEC M,et al.Reliability of the modified Foot Posture Index[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2008,98(1):7-13.
[34]REDMOND A C,CROSBIE J,OUVRIER R A.Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture:the Foot Posture Index[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2006,21(1):89-98.
[35]KOUMAKIS E,GOSSEC L,ELHAI M,et al.Heel pain in spondyloarthritis:results of a cross-sectional study of 275 patients[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2012,30(4):487-491.
[36]HAFNER S,HAN N,PRESSMAN M M,et al.Proximal plantar fibroma as an etiology of recalcitrant plantar heel pain[J].JFoot Ankle Surg,2011,50(2):153-157.
[37]OSBORNE H R,BREIDAHL W H,ALLISON G T.Critical differences in lateral X-rays with and without a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2006,9(3):231-237.
[38]HART D L,WANG Y C,STRATFORD P W,et al.Computerized adaptive test for patients with foot or ankle impairments produced valid and responsive measures of function[J].Qual Life Res,2008,17(8):1081-1091.
[39]LANDORF K B,RADFORD J A.Minimal important difference:values for the Foot Health Status Questionnaire,Foot Function Index and Visual Analogue Scale[J].Foot,2008,18:15-19.
[40]LANDORF K B,RADFORD J A,HUDSON S.Minimal Important Difference(MID)of two commonly used outcome measures for foot problems[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2010,3:7.
[41]MARTIN R L,IRRGANG J J.A survey of self-reported outcome instruments for the foot and ankle[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2007,37(2):72-84.
[42]DRAKE M,BITTENBENDER C,BOYLES R E.The short-term effects of treating plantar fasciitis with a temporary custom foot orthosis and stretching[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(4):221-231.
[43]LANDORF K B,MENZ H B.Plantar heel pain and fasciitis[J].BMJ Clin Evid,2008,2008:1111.
[44]STRATTON M,MCPOIL T G,CORNWALL M W,et al.Use of low-frequency electrical stimulation for the treatment of plantar fasciitis[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2009,99(6):481-488.
[45]BRANTINGHAM J W,BONNEFIN D,PERLE S M,et al.Manipulative therapy for lower extremity conditions:update of a literature review[J].J Manipulative Physiol Ther,2012,35(2):127-166.
[46]CLELAND J A,ABBOTT J H,KIDD M O,et al.Manual physical therapy and exercise versus electrophysical agents and exercise in the management of plantar heel pain:a multicenter randomized clinical trial[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2009,39(8):573-585.
[47]RENAN-ORDINE R,ALBURQUERQUE-SENDIN F,DE SOUZAD P,et al.Effectiveness of myofascial trigger point manual therapy combined with a self-stretching protocol for the management of plantar heel pain:a randomized controlled trial[J].JOrthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(2):43-50.
[48]SWEETING D,PARISH B,HOOPER L,et al.The effectiveness of manual stretching in the treatment of plantar heel pain:a systematic review[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2011,4:19.
[49]PFEFFER G,BACCHETTI P,DELAND J,et al.Comparison of custom and prefab ricated orthoses in the initial treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Int,1999,20(4):214-221.
[50]DIGIOVANNI B F,NAWOCZENSKI D A,MALAY D P,et al.Plantar fascia-specific stretching exercise improves outcomes in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.A prospective clinical trial with two-year follow-up[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2006,88(8):1775-1781.
[51]RADFORD J A,LANDORF K B,BUCHBINDER R,et al.Effectiveness of calf muscle stretching for the short-term treatment of plantar heel pain:a randomised trial[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2007,8:36.
[52]ROMPE J D,CACCHIO A,WEIL L J R,et al.Plantar fasciaspecific stretching versus radial shock-wave therapy as initial treatment of plantar fasciopathy[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2010,92(15):2514-2522.
[53]VAN DE WATER A T,SPEKSNIJDER C M.Efficacy of taping for the treatment of plantar fasciosis:a systematic review of controlled trials[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2010,100(1):41-51.
[54]TSAI C T,CHANG W D,LEE J P.Effects of short-term treatment with Kinesiotaping for plantar fasciitis[J].J Musculoskelet Pain,2010,18(1):71-80.
[55]ABD EL SALAM M S,ABD ELHAFZ Y N.Low-Dye taping versus medial arch support in managing pain and pain-related disability in patients with plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Spec,2011,4(2):86-91.
[56]VAN LUNEN B,CORTES N,ANDRUS T,et al.Immediate effects of a heel-pain orthosis and an augmented low-dye taping on plantar pressures and pain in subjects with plantar fasciitis[J].Clin J Sport Med,2011,21(6):474-479.
[57]CHEUNG R T,CHUNG R C,NG G Y.Efficacies of different external controls for excessive foot pronation:a meta-analysis[J].Br J Sports Med,2011,45(9):743-751.
[58]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A,BLANCH P,et al.Continual use of augmented low-Dye taping increases arch height in standing but does not influence neuromotor control of gait[J].Gait Posture,2010,31(2):247-250.
[59]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A,VICENZINO B.Tape that increases medial longitudinal arch height also reduces leg muscle activity:a preliminary study[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2008,40(4):593-600.
[60]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A R,BLANCH P,et al.Augmented low-Dye tape alters foot mobility and neuromotor control of gait in individuals with and without exercise related leg pain[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2010,3:5.
[61]YOHO R,RIVERA J J,RENSCHLER R,et al.A biomechanical analysis of the effects of low-dye taping on arch deformation during gait[J].Foot(Edinb),2012,22(4):283-286.
[62]VICENZINO B,MCPOIL T,BUCKLAND S.Plantar foot pressures after the aug mented low dye taping technique[J].J Athl Train,2007,42(3):374-380.
[63]FRANETTOVICH M M,MURLEY G S,DAVID B S,et al.Acomparison of augmented low-dye taping and ankle bracing on lower limb muscle activity during walking in adults with flatarched foot posture[J].J Sci Med Sport,2012,15(1):8-13.
[64]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A,BLANCH P,et al.A physiological and psychological basis for anti-pronation taping from a critical review of the literature[J].Sports Med,2008,38(8):617-631.
[65]HAWKE F,BURNS J,RADFORD J A,et al.Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,16(3):CD006801.
[66]LEE S Y,MCKEON P,HERTEL J.Does the use of orthoses improve self-reported pain and function measures in patients with plantar fasciitis?A meta-analysis[J].Phys Ther Sport,2009,10(1):12-18.
[67]HUME P,HOPKINS W,ROME K,et al.Effectiveness of foot orthoses for treatment and prevention of lower limb injuries:a review[J].Sports Med,2008,38(9):759-779.
[68]UDEN H,BOESCH E,KUMAR S.Plantar fasciitis-to jab or to support?A systematic review of the current best evidence[J].J Multidiscip Healthc,2011,4:155-164.
[69]LEE W C,WONG W Y,KUNG E,et al.Effectiveness of adjustable dorsiflexion night splint in combination with accommodative foot orthosis on plantar fasciitis[J].J Rehabil Res Dev,2012,49(10):1557-1564.
[70]AL-BLUWI M T,SADAT-ALI M,AL-HABDAN I M,et al.Efficacy of EZStep in the management of plantar fasciitis:a prospective,randomized study[J].Foot Ankle Spec,2011,4(4):218-221.
[71]MARABHA T,AL-ANANI M,DAHMASHE Z,et al.The relation between conservative treatment and heel pain duration in plantar fasciitis[J].Kuwait Med J,2008,40(2):130-132.
[72]CHIA K K,SURESH S,KUAH A,et al.Comparative trial of the foot pressure patterns between corrective orthotics,formthotics,bone spur pads and flat insoles in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis[J].Ann Acad Med Singapore,2009,38(10):869-875.
[73]BONANNO D R,LANDORF K B,MENZ H B.Pressure-relieving properties of various shoe inserts in older people with plantar heel pain[J].Gait Posture,2011,33(3):385-389.
[74]COLLINS N,BISSET L,MCPOIL T,et al.Foot orthoses in lower limb overuse conditions:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Foot Ankle Int,2007,28(3):396-412.
[75]FERBER R,BENSON B.Changes in multi-segment foot biomechanics with a heat-mouldable semi-custom foot orthotic device[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2011,4(1):18.
[76]STOLWIJK N M,LOUWERENS J W,NIENHUIS B,et al.Plantar pressure with and without custom insoles in patients with common foot complaints[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(1):57-65.
[77]TROTTER L C,PIERRYNOWSKI M R.Changes in gait economy between full-contact custom-made foot orthoses and prefabricated inserts in patients with musculoskeletal pain:a randomized clinical trial[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2008,98(6):429-435.
[78]MILLS K,BLANCH P,CHAPMAN A R,et al.Foot orthoses and gait:a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature pertaining to potential mechanisms[J].Br J Sports Med,2010,44(14):1035-1046.
[79]SMITH M,BROOKER S,VICENZINO B,et al.Use of antipronation taping to assess suitability of orthotic prescription:case report[J].Aust J Physiother,2004,50(2):111-113.
[80]VICENZINO B.Foot orthotics in the treatment of lower limb conditions:a musculoskeletal physiotherapy perspective[J].Man Ther,2004,9(4):185-196.
[81]VICENZINO B,GRIFFITHS S R,GRIFFITHS L A,et al.Effect of antipronation tape and temporary orthotic on vertical navicular height before and after exercise[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2000,30(6):333-339.
[82]MEIER K,MCPOIL T G,CORNWALL M W,et al.Use of antipronation taping to determine foot orthoses prescription:a case series[J].Res Sports Med,2008,16(4):257-271.
[83]SHERIDAN L,LOPEZ A,PEREZ A,et al.Plantar fasciopathy treated with dynamic splinting:a randomized controlled trial[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2010,100(3):161-165.
[84]BEYZADEOGLU T,GOKCE A,BEKLER H.The effectiveness of dorsiflexion night splint added to conservative treatment for plantar fasciitis[J].Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc,2007,41(3):220-224.
[85]ATTARD J,SINGH D.A comparison of two night ankle-foot orthoses used in the treatment of inferior heel pain:a preliminary investigation[J].Foot Ankle Surg,2012,18(2):108-110.
[86]KIRITSI O,TSITAS K,MALLIAROPOULOS N,et al.Ultrasonographic evaluation of plantar fasciitis after low-level laser therapy:results of a double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial[J].Lasers Med Sci,2010,25(2):275-281.
[87]BASFORD J R,MALANGA G A,KRAUSE D A,et al.A randomized controlled evaluation of low-intensity laser therapy:plantar fasciitis[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,1998,79(3):249-254.
[88]JASIAK-TYRKALSKA B,JAWOREK J,FRANCZUK B.Efficacy of two different physiotherapeutic procedures in compre hensive therapy of plantar calcaneal spur[J].Fizjoter Polska,2007,7:145-154.
[89]SHANKS P,CURRAN M,FLETCHER P,et al.The effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound for musculoskeletal conditions of the lower limb:a literature review[J].Foot(Edinb),2010,20(4):133-139.
[90]CRAWFORD F,SNAITH M.How effective is therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of heel pain?[J].Ann Rheum Dis,1996,55(4):265-267.
[91]RYAN M,FRASER S,MCDONALD K,et al.Examining the degree of pain reduction using a multielement exercise model with a conventional training shoe versus an ultraflexible training shoe for treating plantar fasciitis[J].Phys Sportsmed,2009,37(4):68-74.
[92]FONG D T,PANG K Y,CHUNG M M,et al.Evaluation of combined prescription of rocker sole shoes and custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2012,27(10):1072-1077.
[93]CONG Y,CHEUNG J T,LEUNG A K,et al.Effect of heel height on in-shoe localized triaxial stresses[J].J Biomech,2011,44(12):2267-2272.
[94]LIN S C,CHEN C P,TANG S F,et al.Changes in windlass effect in response to different shoe and insole designs during walking[J].Gait Posture,2013,37(2):235-241.
[95]TANAMAS S K,WLUKA A E,BERRY P,et al.Relationship between obesity and foot pain and its association with fat mass,fat distribution,and muscle mass[J].Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken),2012,64(2):262-268.
[96]KULIG K,POPOVICH J M Jr,NOCETI-DEWIT L M,et al.Women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have diminished ankle and hip muscle performance[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(9):687-694.
[97]SNYDER K R,EARL J E,O’CONNOR K M,et al.Resistance training is accompanied by increases in hip strength and changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2009,24(1):26-34.
[98]COTCHETT M P,LANDORF K B,MUNTEANU S E.Effectiveness of dry needling and injections of myofascial trigger points associated with plantar heel pain:a systematic review[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2010,3:18.
[99]IMAMURA M,FISCHER A A,IMAMURA S T,et al.Treatment of myofascial pain components in plantar fasciitis speeds up recovery:documentation by algometry[J].J Musculoskelet Pain,1998,6(1):91-110.
[100]COTCHETT M P,MUNTEANU S E,LANDORF K B.Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain:a randomized controlled trial[J].Phys Ther,2014,94(8):1083-1094.
[2]PHILLIPS B,BALL C,SACKETT D,et al.Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine-Levels of Evidence(March 2009)[J].Available at:http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1025.Accessed August 4,2009.
[3]World Health Organization.ICD-10:International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems:Tenth Revision[M].Geneva,Switzerland:World Health Organization,2005.
[4]MCPOIL T G,MARTIN R L,CORNWALL M W,et al.Heel Pain-Plantar Fasciitis:Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Function,Disability,and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2008,38(4):A1-A18.
[5]ROME K,HOWE T,HASLOCK I.Risk factors associated with the development of plantar heel pain in athletes[J].Foot,2001,11:119-125.
[6]TAUNTON J E,RYAN M B,CLEMENT D B,et al.A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries[J].Br J Sports Med,2002,36(2):95-101.
[7]SOBHANI S,DEKKER R,POSTEMA K,et al.Epidemiology of ankle and foot overuse injuries in sports:a systematic review[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2013,23(6):669-686.
[8]LOPES A D,HESPANHOL JUNIOR L C,YEUNG S S,et al.What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries?ASystematic Review[J].Sports Med,2012,42(10):891-905.
[9]HILL C L,GILL T K,MENZ H B,et al.Prevalence and correlates of foot pain in a population-based study:the North West Adelaide health study[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2008,1(1):2.
[10]TENFORDE A S,SAYRES L C,MCCURDY M L,et al.Overuse injuries in high school runners:lifetime prevalence and prevention strategies[J].PM R,2011,3(2):125-131.
[11]DI CAPRIO F,BUDA R,MOSCA M,et al.Foot and lower limb diseases in runners:assessment of risk factors[J].J Sports Sci Med,2010,9(4):587-596.
[12]FABRIKANT J M,PARK T S.Plantar fasciitis(fasciosis)treatment outcome study:plantar fascia thickness measured by ultrasound and correlated with patient self-reported improvement[J].Foot(Edinb),2011,21(2):79-83.
[13]WEARING S C,SMEATHERS J E,SULLIVAN P M,et al.Plantar fasciitis:are pain and fascial thickness associated with arch shape and loading?[J].Phys Ther,2007,87(8):1002-1008.
[14]WU C H,CHANG K V,MIO S,et al.Sonoelastography of the plantar fascia[J].Radiology,2011,259(2):502-507.
[15]WEARING S C,SMEATHERS J E,YATES B,et al.Bulk compressive properties of the heel fat pad during walking:a pilot investigation in plantar heel pain[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2009,24(4):397-402.
[16]MAHOWALD S,LEGGE B S,GRADY J F.The correlation between plantar fascia thickness and symptoms of plantar fasciitis[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2011,101(5):385-389.
[17]LENTZ T A,SUTTON Z,GREENBERG S,et al.Pain-related fear contributes to self-reported disability in patients with foot and ankle pathology[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2010,91(4):557-561.
[18]SUTTON Z,GREENBURG S,BISHOP M.Association of pain related beliefs with disability and pain in patients with foot and/or ankle pain:a case series[J].Orthop Phys Ther Pract,2008,20:200-207.
[19]MARTIN R L,IRRGANG J J,CONTI S F.Outcome study of subjects with insertional plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Int,1998,19(12):803-811.
[20]WOLGIN M,COOK C,GRAHAM C,et al.Conservative treatment of plantar heel pain:long-term follow-up[J].Foot Ankle Int,1994,15(3):97-102.
[21]KLEIN S E,DALE A M,HAYES M H,et al.Clinical presentation and self-reported patterns of pain and function in patients with plantar heel pain[J].Foot Ankle Int,2012,33(3):693-698.
[22]YI T I,LEE G E,SEO I S,et al.Clinical characteristics of the causes of plantar heel pain[J].Ann Rehabil Med,2011,35(4):507-513.
[23]RIBEIRO A P,TROMBINI-SOUZA F,TESSUTTI V,et al.Rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch configurations of runners with symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis[J].Clinics(Sao Paulo),2011,66(6):1027-1033.
[24]POHL M B,HAMILL J,DAVIS I S.Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners[J].Clin J Sport Med,2009,19(5):372-376.
[25]BUTTERWORTH P A,LANDORF K B,SMITH S E,et al.The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders:a systematic review[J].Obes Rev,2012,13(7):630-642.
[26]IRVING D B,COOK J L,YOUNG M A,et al.Obesity and pronated foot type may increase the risk of chronic plantar heel pain:a matched case-control study[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2007,8:41.
[27]WERNER R A,GELL N,HARTIGAN A,et al.Risk factors for plantar fasciitis among assembly plant workers[J].PM R,2010,2(2):110-116.
[28]SAHIN N,OZTURK A,ATICI T.Foot mobility and plantar fascia elasticity in patients with plantar fasciitis[J].Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc,2010,44(5):385-391.
[29]PATEL A,DIGIOVANNI B.Association between plantar fasciitis and isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(1):5-8.
[30]LABOVITZ J M,YU J,KIM C.The role of hamstring tightness in plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Spec,2011,4(3):141-144.
[31]MAHMOOD S,HUFFMAN L K,HARRIS J G.Limb-length discrepancy as a cause of plantar fasciitis[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2010,100(6):452-455.
[32]CHANG R,KENT-BRAUN J A,HAMILL J.Use of MRI for volume estimation of tibialis posterior and plantar intrinsic foot muscles in healthy and chronic plantar fasciitis limbs[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2012,27(5):500-505.
[33]CORNWALL M W,MCPOIL T G,LEBEC M,et al.Reliability of the modified Foot Posture Index[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2008,98(1):7-13.
[34]REDMOND A C,CROSBIE J,OUVRIER R A.Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture:the Foot Posture Index[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2006,21(1):89-98.
[35]KOUMAKIS E,GOSSEC L,ELHAI M,et al.Heel pain in spondyloarthritis:results of a cross-sectional study of 275 patients[J].Clin Exp Rheumatol,2012,30(4):487-491.
[36]HAFNER S,HAN N,PRESSMAN M M,et al.Proximal plantar fibroma as an etiology of recalcitrant plantar heel pain[J].JFoot Ankle Surg,2011,50(2):153-157.
[37]OSBORNE H R,BREIDAHL W H,ALLISON G T.Critical differences in lateral X-rays with and without a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2006,9(3):231-237.
[38]HART D L,WANG Y C,STRATFORD P W,et al.Computerized adaptive test for patients with foot or ankle impairments produced valid and responsive measures of function[J].Qual Life Res,2008,17(8):1081-1091.
[39]LANDORF K B,RADFORD J A.Minimal important difference:values for the Foot Health Status Questionnaire,Foot Function Index and Visual Analogue Scale[J].Foot,2008,18:15-19.
[40]LANDORF K B,RADFORD J A,HUDSON S.Minimal Important Difference(MID)of two commonly used outcome measures for foot problems[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2010,3:7.
[41]MARTIN R L,IRRGANG J J.A survey of self-reported outcome instruments for the foot and ankle[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2007,37(2):72-84.
[42]DRAKE M,BITTENBENDER C,BOYLES R E.The short-term effects of treating plantar fasciitis with a temporary custom foot orthosis and stretching[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(4):221-231.
[43]LANDORF K B,MENZ H B.Plantar heel pain and fasciitis[J].BMJ Clin Evid,2008,2008:1111.
[44]STRATTON M,MCPOIL T G,CORNWALL M W,et al.Use of low-frequency electrical stimulation for the treatment of plantar fasciitis[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2009,99(6):481-488.
[45]BRANTINGHAM J W,BONNEFIN D,PERLE S M,et al.Manipulative therapy for lower extremity conditions:update of a literature review[J].J Manipulative Physiol Ther,2012,35(2):127-166.
[46]CLELAND J A,ABBOTT J H,KIDD M O,et al.Manual physical therapy and exercise versus electrophysical agents and exercise in the management of plantar heel pain:a multicenter randomized clinical trial[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2009,39(8):573-585.
[47]RENAN-ORDINE R,ALBURQUERQUE-SENDIN F,DE SOUZAD P,et al.Effectiveness of myofascial trigger point manual therapy combined with a self-stretching protocol for the management of plantar heel pain:a randomized controlled trial[J].JOrthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(2):43-50.
[48]SWEETING D,PARISH B,HOOPER L,et al.The effectiveness of manual stretching in the treatment of plantar heel pain:a systematic review[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2011,4:19.
[49]PFEFFER G,BACCHETTI P,DELAND J,et al.Comparison of custom and prefab ricated orthoses in the initial treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Int,1999,20(4):214-221.
[50]DIGIOVANNI B F,NAWOCZENSKI D A,MALAY D P,et al.Plantar fascia-specific stretching exercise improves outcomes in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.A prospective clinical trial with two-year follow-up[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2006,88(8):1775-1781.
[51]RADFORD J A,LANDORF K B,BUCHBINDER R,et al.Effectiveness of calf muscle stretching for the short-term treatment of plantar heel pain:a randomised trial[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2007,8:36.
[52]ROMPE J D,CACCHIO A,WEIL L J R,et al.Plantar fasciaspecific stretching versus radial shock-wave therapy as initial treatment of plantar fasciopathy[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2010,92(15):2514-2522.
[53]VAN DE WATER A T,SPEKSNIJDER C M.Efficacy of taping for the treatment of plantar fasciosis:a systematic review of controlled trials[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2010,100(1):41-51.
[54]TSAI C T,CHANG W D,LEE J P.Effects of short-term treatment with Kinesiotaping for plantar fasciitis[J].J Musculoskelet Pain,2010,18(1):71-80.
[55]ABD EL SALAM M S,ABD ELHAFZ Y N.Low-Dye taping versus medial arch support in managing pain and pain-related disability in patients with plantar fasciitis[J].Foot Ankle Spec,2011,4(2):86-91.
[56]VAN LUNEN B,CORTES N,ANDRUS T,et al.Immediate effects of a heel-pain orthosis and an augmented low-dye taping on plantar pressures and pain in subjects with plantar fasciitis[J].Clin J Sport Med,2011,21(6):474-479.
[57]CHEUNG R T,CHUNG R C,NG G Y.Efficacies of different external controls for excessive foot pronation:a meta-analysis[J].Br J Sports Med,2011,45(9):743-751.
[58]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A,BLANCH P,et al.Continual use of augmented low-Dye taping increases arch height in standing but does not influence neuromotor control of gait[J].Gait Posture,2010,31(2):247-250.
[59]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A,VICENZINO B.Tape that increases medial longitudinal arch height also reduces leg muscle activity:a preliminary study[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2008,40(4):593-600.
[60]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A R,BLANCH P,et al.Augmented low-Dye tape alters foot mobility and neuromotor control of gait in individuals with and without exercise related leg pain[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2010,3:5.
[61]YOHO R,RIVERA J J,RENSCHLER R,et al.A biomechanical analysis of the effects of low-dye taping on arch deformation during gait[J].Foot(Edinb),2012,22(4):283-286.
[62]VICENZINO B,MCPOIL T,BUCKLAND S.Plantar foot pressures after the aug mented low dye taping technique[J].J Athl Train,2007,42(3):374-380.
[63]FRANETTOVICH M M,MURLEY G S,DAVID B S,et al.Acomparison of augmented low-dye taping and ankle bracing on lower limb muscle activity during walking in adults with flatarched foot posture[J].J Sci Med Sport,2012,15(1):8-13.
[64]FRANETTOVICH M,CHAPMAN A,BLANCH P,et al.A physiological and psychological basis for anti-pronation taping from a critical review of the literature[J].Sports Med,2008,38(8):617-631.
[65]HAWKE F,BURNS J,RADFORD J A,et al.Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,16(3):CD006801.
[66]LEE S Y,MCKEON P,HERTEL J.Does the use of orthoses improve self-reported pain and function measures in patients with plantar fasciitis?A meta-analysis[J].Phys Ther Sport,2009,10(1):12-18.
[67]HUME P,HOPKINS W,ROME K,et al.Effectiveness of foot orthoses for treatment and prevention of lower limb injuries:a review[J].Sports Med,2008,38(9):759-779.
[68]UDEN H,BOESCH E,KUMAR S.Plantar fasciitis-to jab or to support?A systematic review of the current best evidence[J].J Multidiscip Healthc,2011,4:155-164.
[69]LEE W C,WONG W Y,KUNG E,et al.Effectiveness of adjustable dorsiflexion night splint in combination with accommodative foot orthosis on plantar fasciitis[J].J Rehabil Res Dev,2012,49(10):1557-1564.
[70]AL-BLUWI M T,SADAT-ALI M,AL-HABDAN I M,et al.Efficacy of EZStep in the management of plantar fasciitis:a prospective,randomized study[J].Foot Ankle Spec,2011,4(4):218-221.
[71]MARABHA T,AL-ANANI M,DAHMASHE Z,et al.The relation between conservative treatment and heel pain duration in plantar fasciitis[J].Kuwait Med J,2008,40(2):130-132.
[72]CHIA K K,SURESH S,KUAH A,et al.Comparative trial of the foot pressure patterns between corrective orthotics,formthotics,bone spur pads and flat insoles in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis[J].Ann Acad Med Singapore,2009,38(10):869-875.
[73]BONANNO D R,LANDORF K B,MENZ H B.Pressure-relieving properties of various shoe inserts in older people with plantar heel pain[J].Gait Posture,2011,33(3):385-389.
[74]COLLINS N,BISSET L,MCPOIL T,et al.Foot orthoses in lower limb overuse conditions:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Foot Ankle Int,2007,28(3):396-412.
[75]FERBER R,BENSON B.Changes in multi-segment foot biomechanics with a heat-mouldable semi-custom foot orthotic device[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2011,4(1):18.
[76]STOLWIJK N M,LOUWERENS J W,NIENHUIS B,et al.Plantar pressure with and without custom insoles in patients with common foot complaints[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(1):57-65.
[77]TROTTER L C,PIERRYNOWSKI M R.Changes in gait economy between full-contact custom-made foot orthoses and prefabricated inserts in patients with musculoskeletal pain:a randomized clinical trial[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2008,98(6):429-435.
[78]MILLS K,BLANCH P,CHAPMAN A R,et al.Foot orthoses and gait:a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature pertaining to potential mechanisms[J].Br J Sports Med,2010,44(14):1035-1046.
[79]SMITH M,BROOKER S,VICENZINO B,et al.Use of antipronation taping to assess suitability of orthotic prescription:case report[J].Aust J Physiother,2004,50(2):111-113.
[80]VICENZINO B.Foot orthotics in the treatment of lower limb conditions:a musculoskeletal physiotherapy perspective[J].Man Ther,2004,9(4):185-196.
[81]VICENZINO B,GRIFFITHS S R,GRIFFITHS L A,et al.Effect of antipronation tape and temporary orthotic on vertical navicular height before and after exercise[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2000,30(6):333-339.
[82]MEIER K,MCPOIL T G,CORNWALL M W,et al.Use of antipronation taping to determine foot orthoses prescription:a case series[J].Res Sports Med,2008,16(4):257-271.
[83]SHERIDAN L,LOPEZ A,PEREZ A,et al.Plantar fasciopathy treated with dynamic splinting:a randomized controlled trial[J].J Am Podiatr Med Assoc,2010,100(3):161-165.
[84]BEYZADEOGLU T,GOKCE A,BEKLER H.The effectiveness of dorsiflexion night splint added to conservative treatment for plantar fasciitis[J].Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc,2007,41(3):220-224.
[85]ATTARD J,SINGH D.A comparison of two night ankle-foot orthoses used in the treatment of inferior heel pain:a preliminary investigation[J].Foot Ankle Surg,2012,18(2):108-110.
[86]KIRITSI O,TSITAS K,MALLIAROPOULOS N,et al.Ultrasonographic evaluation of plantar fasciitis after low-level laser therapy:results of a double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial[J].Lasers Med Sci,2010,25(2):275-281.
[87]BASFORD J R,MALANGA G A,KRAUSE D A,et al.A randomized controlled evaluation of low-intensity laser therapy:plantar fasciitis[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,1998,79(3):249-254.
[88]JASIAK-TYRKALSKA B,JAWOREK J,FRANCZUK B.Efficacy of two different physiotherapeutic procedures in compre hensive therapy of plantar calcaneal spur[J].Fizjoter Polska,2007,7:145-154.
[89]SHANKS P,CURRAN M,FLETCHER P,et al.The effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound for musculoskeletal conditions of the lower limb:a literature review[J].Foot(Edinb),2010,20(4):133-139.
[90]CRAWFORD F,SNAITH M.How effective is therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of heel pain?[J].Ann Rheum Dis,1996,55(4):265-267.
[91]RYAN M,FRASER S,MCDONALD K,et al.Examining the degree of pain reduction using a multielement exercise model with a conventional training shoe versus an ultraflexible training shoe for treating plantar fasciitis[J].Phys Sportsmed,2009,37(4):68-74.
[92]FONG D T,PANG K Y,CHUNG M M,et al.Evaluation of combined prescription of rocker sole shoes and custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2012,27(10):1072-1077.
[93]CONG Y,CHEUNG J T,LEUNG A K,et al.Effect of heel height on in-shoe localized triaxial stresses[J].J Biomech,2011,44(12):2267-2272.
[94]LIN S C,CHEN C P,TANG S F,et al.Changes in windlass effect in response to different shoe and insole designs during walking[J].Gait Posture,2013,37(2):235-241.
[95]TANAMAS S K,WLUKA A E,BERRY P,et al.Relationship between obesity and foot pain and its association with fat mass,fat distribution,and muscle mass[J].Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken),2012,64(2):262-268.
[96]KULIG K,POPOVICH J M Jr,NOCETI-DEWIT L M,et al.Women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have diminished ankle and hip muscle performance[J].J Orthop Sports Phys Ther,2011,41(9):687-694.
[97]SNYDER K R,EARL J E,O’CONNOR K M,et al.Resistance training is accompanied by increases in hip strength and changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),2009,24(1):26-34.
[98]COTCHETT M P,LANDORF K B,MUNTEANU S E.Effectiveness of dry needling and injections of myofascial trigger points associated with plantar heel pain:a systematic review[J].J Foot Ankle Res,2010,3:18.
[99]IMAMURA M,FISCHER A A,IMAMURA S T,et al.Treatment of myofascial pain components in plantar fasciitis speeds up recovery:documentation by algometry[J].J Musculoskelet Pain,1998,6(1):91-110.
[100]COTCHETT M P,MUNTEANU S E,LANDORF K B.Effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for plantar heel pain:a randomized controlled trial[J].Phys Ther,2014,94(8):1083-1094.