钙处理对硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr氧化物夹杂的影响
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摘要
为了将硅脱氧弹簧钢中SiO_2类高熔点硬质夹杂改性成低熔点夹杂物,在炼钢生产中进行了钙处理试验。利用FEI Explorer 4自动扫描电镜对硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr在正常工艺与钙处理工艺处理后的铸坯、盘条中氧化物夹杂的成分、尺寸、数量、形貌进行检测,统计分析2种工艺下夹杂物尺寸、夹杂物轧制变形性的差异,并通过弹簧钢丝Nakamura旋转弯曲疲劳测试对比2种工艺下夹杂物控制水平。分析结果表明:硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr钙处理工艺后氧化物夹杂主要为CaO-SiO_2-(CaS)类,尺寸较大,且此类夹杂物在盘条轧制过程中不易变形细化,最终恶化弹簧钢疲劳性能;正常工艺处理后氧化物夹杂尺寸随着夹杂物中Ca含量升高有增大倾向,CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3系相图中方石英、磷石英与莫来石交界区的夹杂物轧制变形性优于假硅灰石和钙长石共熔区的夹杂物。
In order to modify the SiO_2 hard inclusions with high melting point in Si-killed spring steel into low melting point ones, calcium treatment was adopted in steelmaking process. The composition, size, morphology and amount of oxide inclusions in bloom and wire rod of Si-killed spring steel 55 SiCr with and without calcium treatment were examined using an FEI Explorer 4 automated scanning electron microscope, and the difference of size and rolling deformability of oxide inclusions subjected to the two processes were statistically analyzed, while Nakamura rotating bending test of inductively tempered spring wire was also conducted to compare the inclusion control levels of the two processes. The results show that the oxide inclusions in bloom of spring steel 55 SiCr with calcium treatment process are mainly CaO-SiO_2-(CaS) type, whose size is larger than that without calcium treatment process, and these inclusions are not easy to deform during the rolling process, which deteriorate the fatigue properties of spring steel wire eventually. The oxide inclusion size increases with the increase of Ca content in the inclusions after conventional processing, and the rolling deformability of inclusions in the boundary zone of cristobalite, phosphatite and mullite in the phase diagram of CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 system is better than that in the eutectic zone of pseudo-wollastonite and anorthite.
In order to modify the SiO_2 hard inclusions with high melting point in Si-killed spring steel into low melting point ones, calcium treatment was adopted in steelmaking process. The composition, size, morphology and amount of oxide inclusions in bloom and wire rod of Si-killed spring steel 55 SiCr with and without calcium treatment were examined using an FEI Explorer 4 automated scanning electron microscope, and the difference of size and rolling deformability of oxide inclusions subjected to the two processes were statistically analyzed, while Nakamura rotating bending test of inductively tempered spring wire was also conducted to compare the inclusion control levels of the two processes. The results show that the oxide inclusions in bloom of spring steel 55 SiCr with calcium treatment process are mainly CaO-SiO_2-(CaS) type, whose size is larger than that without calcium treatment process, and these inclusions are not easy to deform during the rolling process, which deteriorate the fatigue properties of spring steel wire eventually. The oxide inclusion size increases with the increase of Ca content in the inclusions after conventional processing, and the rolling deformability of inclusions in the boundary zone of cristobalite, phosphatite and mullite in the phase diagram of CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 system is better than that in the eutectic zone of pseudo-wollastonite and anorthite.
引文
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[2]Prawoto Y,Ikeda M,Manville S K,et al.Design and failure modes of automotive suspension springs[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2008,15:1155.
[3]Furuya Y,Matsuoka S,Abe T.Inclusion-controlled fatigue properties of 1800MPa-class spring steels[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,2004,35A:3737.
[4]孟耀青,郑永瑞,赵昊乾.汽车用弹簧钢线材夹杂物的控制[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(8):1.(Meng Y Q,Zheng Y R,Zhao H Q.Inclusion control in spring steel wire rod for automobile springs[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2015,27(8):1.)
[5]王仁智,汝继来.喷丸强化的基本原理与调控正/切断裂模式的疲劳断裂抗力机制图[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(4):1.(Wang R Z,Ru J L.Basic principle of shot peening and mechanism map of adjusting and controlling normal tensile/shear fatigue fracture resistance[J].China Surface Engineering,2016,29(4):1.)
[6]孟耀青,王昆鹏,郑永瑞.1 950MPa级弹簧钢55SiCrA疲劳断口夹杂物来源分析[J].钢铁研究学报,2017,29(10):859.(Meng Y Q,Wang K P,Zheng Y R.Analysis of the sources of inclusions induced fatigue failure in 1950MPa-class spring steel55SiCrA[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2017,29(10):859.)
[7]孟耀青,郭晓培,赵垒,等.硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr旋转弯曲疲劳断口外来夹杂物的研究[J].钢铁研究学报,2018,30(12):977.(Meng Y Q,Guo X P,Zhao L,et al.Study on exogenous inclusions in rotary bending fatigue fracture of Si-killed spring steel 55SiCr[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2018,30(12):977.)
[8]Sumie S,Nobuhiko I.The past and future of high-strength steel for valve springs[J].Kobelco Technology Review,2005,26(11):21.
[9]Wang K P,Jiang M,Wang X H,et al.Study on formation mechanism of CaO-SiO2-based inclusions in saw wire steel[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,2017,48B(6):1.
[10]Zhang L F,Liu Y,Zhang Y,et al.Transient evolution of nonmetallic inclusions during calcium treatment of molten steel[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions,2018,49B(4):1841.
[11]Abraham S,Bodnar R,Raines J,et al.Inclusion engineering and metallurgy of calcium treatment[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2018,25:1.
[12]马志飞,孙彦辉,孙赛阳,等.CSP生产低碳高铝钢钙处理与可浇性的控制[J].钢铁研究学报,2014,26(6):17.(Ma Z F,Sun Y H,Sun S Y,et al.Calcium treatment and control of castability in low carbon aluminum killed steel produced by CSP process[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2014,26(6):17.)
[13]罗磊,田志红,赵长亮,等.CSP生产低碳铝镇静钢的钙处理[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(4):29.(Luo L,Tian Z H,Zhao C L,et al.Calcium treatment of low carbon aluminum killed steel produced by CSP process[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2015,27(4):29.)
[14]初仁生,杨光维,黄福祥,等.钙处理工艺对X70管线钢夹杂物的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2013,25(5):24.(Chu R S,Yang G W,Huang F X,et al.Effect of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions in X70pipeline[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2013,25(5):24.)
[15]杨俊,杜江,陈波涛,等.超低氧精炼时钙处理对氧化物夹杂的影响[J].钢铁,2015,50(1):19.(Yang J,Du J,Chen B T,et al.Influence of calcium treatment on oxide inclusions in ultra-low oxygen refining process[J].Iron and Steel,2015,50(1):19.)
[16]赵东伟,包燕平,王敏,等.钙处理对铝镇静钢中非金属夹杂物变性效果的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2013,35(9):1138.(Zhao D W,Bao Y P,Wang M,et al.Effectiveness of calcium treatment on nonmetallic inclusions in Al-killed steel[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2013,35(9):1138.)
[17]Choudhary S K.Influence of modified casting practice on steel cleanliness[J].ISIJ International,2011,51(4):557.
[18]?nmark N,Karasev A,J?nsson P G.The effect of different non-metallic inclusions on the machinability of steels[J].Materials,2015,8(2):751.
[19]Wintz M,Bobadilla M,Lehmann J,et al.Experimental study and modeling of the precipitation of nonmetallic inclusions during solidification of steel[J].ISIJ International,1995,35(6):715.
[20]Choudhary S K,Ghosh A.Mathematical model for prediction of composition of inclusions formed during solidification of liquid steel[J].ISIJ International,2009,49(12):1819.
[21]Riyahimalayeri K,Olund P,Selleby M.Effect of vacuum degassing on non-metallic inclusions in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2013,40(6):470.
[22]孟耀青,王昆鹏,蔡士中,等.TiN夹杂在弹簧钢盘条分布特点及对悬架簧疲劳寿命影响[C]//第十届中国国际钢铁大会.北京:中国钢铁工业协会,2018:506.(Meng Y Q,Wang K P,Cai S Z,et al.Distribution characteristics of TiN inclusion in spring steel wire rod and its influence on fatigue life of suspension spring[C]//10th China International Steel Congress.Beijing:China Iron and Steel Association,2018:506.)
[23]O’Malley R J.Inclusion evolution and removal in ladle refining[C]//AISTech 2017Proceedings.Nashaville,TN:[s.n.],2017:1567.
[24]Arai H,Matsumoto K,Shimasaki S,et al.Model experiment on inclusion removal by bubble flotation accompanied by particle coagulation in turbulent flow[J].ISIJ International,2009,49(7):965.