宁夏马铃薯田杂草种类及其群落特征
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摘要
为明确宁夏马铃薯田杂草发生种类及其群落特征,采用倒置"W"9点取样法对宁夏马铃薯田杂草种类及其群落特征进行了研究,并进行了杂草物种多样性分析。结果表明:宁夏马铃薯田杂草有71种,隶属于22科56属,其中以菊科、禾本科、藜科为主,优势杂草为稗、灰绿藜、狗尾草和反枝苋。从杂草区域分布多样性分析来看,彭阳县物种丰富度最高,为39种,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.23、Pielou指数为0.61、Simpson指数为0.86。聚类分析结果表明,宁夏马铃薯田杂草群落可划分为3组,第1组为黄土高原丘陵沟壑及六盘山阴湿区杂草群落,第2组为盐、同、香山半荒漠区杂草群落,第3组为银川平原黄灌区杂草群落。综合分析,土壤结构和湿度是影响宁夏马铃薯田杂草群落组成的主要生态因子。
In order to clarify the occurrence and community characteristics of weeds in potato fields in Ningxia, weed species and the community were investigated using sampling methods of inverted W-pattern in potato fields, and then the species diversity was analyzed. The results showed that 71 weed species, which belong to 22 families and 56 genera, existed in potato fields in Ningxia. Compositae,Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae are primary families, with Echinochloa crusgalli,Chenopodium glaucum,Setaria viridis and Amaranthus retroflexus as dominate species in Ningxia. Analysis on the diversity of weed distribution showed that species richness of weeds in Pengyang county were highest with 39 species, with the Shannon-Wiener index of 2.23, the Pielou index of 0.61 and the Simpson index of 0.86. The structure of weed community in Ningxia could be categorized into three groups. The first group contained weed species form the loess hilly and gully region and the wet zone of Liupan mountain, the second group contained Yan, Tong and Xiangshan semi-desert area, and the third group contained Yinchuan plain yellow irrigation area. Integrated analysis implied that structure and moisture of soil were the main ecological factors to affect the characterization of weed communities in potato fields in Ningxia.
In order to clarify the occurrence and community characteristics of weeds in potato fields in Ningxia, weed species and the community were investigated using sampling methods of inverted W-pattern in potato fields, and then the species diversity was analyzed. The results showed that 71 weed species, which belong to 22 families and 56 genera, existed in potato fields in Ningxia. Compositae,Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae are primary families, with Echinochloa crusgalli,Chenopodium glaucum,Setaria viridis and Amaranthus retroflexus as dominate species in Ningxia. Analysis on the diversity of weed distribution showed that species richness of weeds in Pengyang county were highest with 39 species, with the Shannon-Wiener index of 2.23, the Pielou index of 0.61 and the Simpson index of 0.86. The structure of weed community in Ningxia could be categorized into three groups. The first group contained weed species form the loess hilly and gully region and the wet zone of Liupan mountain, the second group contained Yan, Tong and Xiangshan semi-desert area, and the third group contained Yinchuan plain yellow irrigation area. Integrated analysis implied that structure and moisture of soil were the main ecological factors to affect the characterization of weed communities in potato fields in Ningxia.
引文
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[21] 林伟.倒置“W”九点取样法在杂草群落结构调查上的应用[J].上海农业科技,2002(3):13-14.
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[28] 许贤,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.河北省境内播娘蒿对苯磺隆抗药性研究[J].华北农学报,2011(26):241-247.
[29] DE PRADO R A,FRANCO A R.Cross-resistance and herbicide metabolism in grass weeds in Europe:Biochemical and physiological aspects [J].Weed Science,2004,52(3):441-447.
[30] 吴明根,蔡春鹏,崔锡花,等.磺酰脲类除草剂和芳氧苯氧基丙酸类除草剂相互作用机理的研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2003(25):233-239.
[2] 郭志乾,张国辉,王效瑜,等.2015年宁夏马铃薯产业发展现状、存在问题及建议[C]//2016年中国马铃薯大会.
[3] 王兆振,杜龙,刁金贤,等.山东省棉田杂草种类及其群落结构[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(1):103-108.
[4] 高新菊,王恒亮,马毅辉,等.河南省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(4):697-704.
[5] 高兴祥,李美,房锋.山东省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征[J].草业学报,2014,23(5):92-98.
[6] 丁祖军,张洪进,张夕林.玉米田杂草发生规律、经济防除阈值及竞争临界期研究[J].杂草科学,2003,2(3):15-18.
[7] 李儒海,褚世海,黄启超,等.湖北省花生主产区花生田杂草种类与群落特征[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(1):106-112.
[8] 朱文达,魏守辉,张朝贤.湖北省油菜田杂草种类组成及群落特征[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(1):100-105.
[9] 王晓红.辽宁省水稻田杂草群落研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2005.
[10] ANDERSON R L,STYMIEST C E,SWAN B A,et al.Weed community response to crop rotations in Western South Dakota[J].Weed Technology,2007,21(21):131-135.
[11] ENSERINK M.Biological invaders sweep in [J].Science,1999,285(5434):1834-1836.
[12] BLACKSHAW R E,LARNEY F J,LINDWALL C W,et al.Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system [J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2001,81(4):805-813.
[13] 王亚洲.黑龙江省马铃薯田杂草种类及其化学防除[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(4):232-233.
[14] 梁玉娥,宾光华,黄主龙,等.冬植马铃薯田杂草种类调查[J].广西植保,2015,27(2):25-27.
[15] 叶文斌,杨小录,王让军.甘肃省西和县马铃薯田间杂草调查及其防治技术[J].生物灾害科学,2015,38(4):328-332.
[16] 张玉慧,康爱国,赵志英,等.冀西北马铃薯田杂草群落分布及防控对策[J].杂草科学,2014,32(2):10-13.
[17] BECKIE H J,WARWICK S I,SAUDER C A,et al.Occurrence and molecular characterization of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Western Canada [J].Weed Technology,2011,25(1):170-175.
[18] 李健,李美,高兴祥,等.杂草抗药性及其机理研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(12):165-170.
[19] GRUNDY A C.Predicting weed emergence:A review of approaches and future challenges [J].Weed Research,2003,43(1):1-11.
[20] 张绍明,张开龙,强胜.江苏省主要农田杂草调查方法探讨[J].杂草科学,2014,32(4):24-27.
[21] 林伟.倒置“W”九点取样法在杂草群落结构调查上的应用[J].上海农业科技,2002(3):13-14.
[22] 张玉聚,李洪连,张振臣,等.中国农田杂草防治原色图解[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010.
[23] 李扬汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[24] 李秉华,王贵启,魏守辉,等.河北省冬小麦田杂草群落特征[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(1):83-88.
[25] 马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Iα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[26] 高兆宁.宁夏农业昆虫实录[M].杨凌:天则出版社,1993:5-11.
[27] 牛小霞,牛俊义.不同轮作制度对定西地区农田杂草群落的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):221-227.
[28] 许贤,王贵启,樊翠芹,等.河北省境内播娘蒿对苯磺隆抗药性研究[J].华北农学报,2011(26):241-247.
[29] DE PRADO R A,FRANCO A R.Cross-resistance and herbicide metabolism in grass weeds in Europe:Biochemical and physiological aspects [J].Weed Science,2004,52(3):441-447.
[30] 吴明根,蔡春鹏,崔锡花,等.磺酰脲类除草剂和芳氧苯氧基丙酸类除草剂相互作用机理的研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2003(25):233-239.