无患子幼苗的生长和光合特性对重庆低山丘陵区不同生境的响应
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摘要
【目的】本文探究了重庆低山丘陵地区不同生境无患子生长、光合特征及其影响因素,为西南地区无患子苗木培育及集约种植提供参考。【方法】在无患子旺盛生长的夏季测定低山、高丘和低丘立地无患子的生长指标、光合响应曲线及日变化特征,并采用通径分析方式分析各环境因子对无患子净光合速率(P_n)的直接和间接影响。【结果】(1)3种生境无患子P_n与蒸腾速率(T_r)日变化均呈双峰曲线变化,存在明显的"午休"。低丘无患子日均P_n和T_r均最小,高丘与低山日均P_n相差不大;光能利用效率(LUE)与水分利用效率(WUE)日均值大小为低丘>高丘>低山。(2)低山、高丘和低丘的无患子株高较移栽前分别增长1.16、1.39和0.63倍,地径增加2.41、1.97和0.75倍;叶片干质量大小为低山>高丘>低丘;根、茎总干质量大小为高丘>低山>低丘。(3)光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气CO_2浓度(C_a)、温度(T_a)和湿度(RH)等各环境因子决策系数由大到小分别为低山:R_(PAR)~2>R_(T_a)~2>R_(C_a)~2>R_(RH)~2,高丘:RPAR2>R_(T_a)~2>R_(C_a)~2>R_(RH)~2,低丘:R_(PAR)~2>R_(C_a)~2>R_(RH)~2>R_(T_a)~2。(4)叶绿素a、b含量由大到小为低丘>高丘>低山;类胡萝卜素含量大小为低山>高丘>低丘。(5)拟合光合响应曲线得出无患子最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))大小为低山>高丘>低丘;叶片表观量子效率(AQY)低山最小,高、低丘陵间无显著差异。【结论】无患子在低山立地条件下能长期获取比高丘、低丘更强的光照,长期适应使其对弱光利用能力低于另两个立地。3种立地中,PAR皆为P_n的主要驱动因子,低山和高丘立地中RH为P_n最大限制因素;低丘立地P_n主要限制因子为T_a,其夏季高温限制了无患子的光合潜能,导致其日均P_n在3种立地中最小,植株生长最慢。
[Objective] In this paper, the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and the main environmental factors of Sapindus mukorossi under different habitats at low mountainous upland region of Chongqing were explored in order to provide a reference for seedling cultivation and intensive planting of Sapindus mukorossi in southwestern China. [Method] The growth indexes, photosynthetic response curves and diurnal variation characteristics of the three site conditions including low mountains, high hills and low hills were measured in summer. Besides, path analysis method was adopted to figure out the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on net photosynthetic rate(P_n). [Result](1) The diurnal variation of P_n and transpiration rate(T_r) in the three kinds of site showed a bimodal curve, revealing a distinct "noon depression". The average daily P_n and T_r of Sapindus mukorossi in low hills were the smallest, and the difference between high hills and low mountains was not obvious. The order of daily average of light utilization efficiency(LUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) was both showed as low hills > high hills > low mountains.(2) Compared with before transplanting, the height of Sapindus mukorossi in low mountains,high hills and low hills increased by 1.16, 1.39 and 0.63 times, respectively, and the ground diameter increased by 2.41, 1.97 and 0.75 times, respectively. The dry mass of leaves obeyed the order of low mountains > high hills > low hills. And the total dry mass of roots and stems obeyed the order of high hills >low mountains > low hills.(3) The decision coefficient of the environmental factors including photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), atmospheric CO_2 concentration(C_a), air temperature(T_a) and air relative humidity(RH) in the low mountains followed the order of R_(PAR)~2 > R_(T_a)~2 > R_(C_a)~2 > R_(RH)~2, high hills followed R_(PAR)~2 > R_(T_a)~2 > R_(C_a)~2 > R_(RH)~2, low hills followed R_(PAR)~2 > R_(C_a)~2 > R_(RH)~2 > R_(T_a)~2.(4) Chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content of Sapindus mukorossi obeyed the order of low hills > high hills > low mountains, the content of carotenoids obeyed the order of low mountains > high hills > low hills.(5) The photosynthetic response curves were fitted to obtain the maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(nmax)) of Sapindus mukorossi,and the result followed the order of low mountains > high hills > low hills. The apparent quantum yield(AQY) of leaves in low mountains was the smallest, while there was insignificant difference between high and low hills. [Conclusion] In low mountains, Sapindus mukorossi can obtain more light than high hills and low hills, and the ability of using low light was lower than under the other two site conditions because of long term adaptation. PAR is the main driving factor of P_n in three kinds of site conditions. RH is the biggest limiting factor of P_n under the conditions of low mountains and high hills. The main limiting factor of P_n in low hills is Ta. The high temperature in summer of the low hill site limited photosynthesis of Sapindus mukorossi, resulting in the average daily P_n and growth of plants was the slowest in the three kinds of site conditions.
[Objective] In this paper, the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and the main environmental factors of Sapindus mukorossi under different habitats at low mountainous upland region of Chongqing were explored in order to provide a reference for seedling cultivation and intensive planting of Sapindus mukorossi in southwestern China. [Method] The growth indexes, photosynthetic response curves and diurnal variation characteristics of the three site conditions including low mountains, high hills and low hills were measured in summer. Besides, path analysis method was adopted to figure out the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors on net photosynthetic rate(P_n). [Result](1) The diurnal variation of P_n and transpiration rate(T_r) in the three kinds of site showed a bimodal curve, revealing a distinct "noon depression". The average daily P_n and T_r of Sapindus mukorossi in low hills were the smallest, and the difference between high hills and low mountains was not obvious. The order of daily average of light utilization efficiency(LUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) was both showed as low hills > high hills > low mountains.(2) Compared with before transplanting, the height of Sapindus mukorossi in low mountains,high hills and low hills increased by 1.16, 1.39 and 0.63 times, respectively, and the ground diameter increased by 2.41, 1.97 and 0.75 times, respectively. The dry mass of leaves obeyed the order of low mountains > high hills > low hills. And the total dry mass of roots and stems obeyed the order of high hills >low mountains > low hills.(3) The decision coefficient of the environmental factors including photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), atmospheric CO_2 concentration(C_a), air temperature(T_a) and air relative humidity(RH) in the low mountains followed the order of R_(PAR)~2 > R_(T_a)~2 > R_(C_a)~2 > R_(RH)~2, high hills followed R_(PAR)~2 > R_(T_a)~2 > R_(C_a)~2 > R_(RH)~2, low hills followed R_(PAR)~2 > R_(C_a)~2 > R_(RH)~2 > R_(T_a)~2.(4) Chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content of Sapindus mukorossi obeyed the order of low hills > high hills > low mountains, the content of carotenoids obeyed the order of low mountains > high hills > low hills.(5) The photosynthetic response curves were fitted to obtain the maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(nmax)) of Sapindus mukorossi,and the result followed the order of low mountains > high hills > low hills. The apparent quantum yield(AQY) of leaves in low mountains was the smallest, while there was insignificant difference between high and low hills. [Conclusion] In low mountains, Sapindus mukorossi can obtain more light than high hills and low hills, and the ability of using low light was lower than under the other two site conditions because of long term adaptation. PAR is the main driving factor of P_n in three kinds of site conditions. RH is the biggest limiting factor of P_n under the conditions of low mountains and high hills. The main limiting factor of P_n in low hills is Ta. The high temperature in summer of the low hill site limited photosynthesis of Sapindus mukorossi, resulting in the average daily P_n and growth of plants was the slowest in the three kinds of site conditions.
引文
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