基于声弹性效应的钢绞线张拉力识别方法
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摘要
钢绞线是预应力结构和大跨索承体系桥梁的核心受力构件,其实际保有应力值将决定结构的承载能力和耐久性。进行了钢绞线张拉实验,并以不同中心频率的信号作为激励源,通过接收导波信号测定首波波峰到达时间,计算首波波速。建立起首波波速随张拉力变化曲线,并进行线性拟合,拟合效果达到96%以上,300 k Hz频率下拟合直线K值绝对值最大,首波波速随张拉力变化最敏感。加卸载过程中导波首波波速-张拉力曲线具有相似的规律性,随张拉力的增大成线性下降,低张拉力段数值上的差异是由于钢绞线内残余应力引起的。结果表明声弹性效应造成导波首波波速下降,基于声弹性效应建立起钢绞线张拉力识别方法切实可行。
Steel strands are the most crucial component in pre-stressed structures and long-span bridges,and its retained stress is the determinant of structure's carrying capacity and durability. The tension test of steel strand was carried out,the different center frequency signals were used as the excitation source. The peak arrival time of the first wave was measured and the velocity of the first wave was calculated by receiving the guided wave signal. The curve of the first wave velocity changing with tensile force was established,and the linear fitting was carried out,the fitting effect reached over 96%. At 300 kHz frequency,the absolute value of K of the fitting line was the largest,and the first wave velocity was the most sensitive to the change of tensile force. In the process of loading and unloading,The first wave velocity and tension curves have similar regularity,and decrease linearly with the increase of tension. The difference in the numerical value of the low tension section is caused by the residual stress in the steel strand. The results show that the acoustic elastic effect causes the velocity of guided wave head to decrease,it is feasible to establish a tension identification method for steel strand based on acoustic elastic effect.
Steel strands are the most crucial component in pre-stressed structures and long-span bridges,and its retained stress is the determinant of structure's carrying capacity and durability. The tension test of steel strand was carried out,the different center frequency signals were used as the excitation source. The peak arrival time of the first wave was measured and the velocity of the first wave was calculated by receiving the guided wave signal. The curve of the first wave velocity changing with tensile force was established,and the linear fitting was carried out,the fitting effect reached over 96%. At 300 kHz frequency,the absolute value of K of the fitting line was the largest,and the first wave velocity was the most sensitive to the change of tensile force. In the process of loading and unloading,The first wave velocity and tension curves have similar regularity,and decrease linearly with the increase of tension. The difference in the numerical value of the low tension section is caused by the residual stress in the steel strand. The results show that the acoustic elastic effect causes the velocity of guided wave head to decrease,it is feasible to establish a tension identification method for steel strand based on acoustic elastic effect.
引文
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11 王嵘,余祖俊,朱力强,等.基于导波速度的无缝钢轨应力检测方法[J].中国铁道科学,2018(2):18-27Wang Rong,Yu Zujun,Zhu Liqiang,et al. Seamless rail stress detection method based on guided wave velocity[J]. China Railway Science,2018(2):18-27
12 刘增华,刘溯,吴斌,等.预应力钢绞线中超声导波声弹性效应的试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(2):22-27Liu Zenghua,Liu Su,Wu Bin,et al. Experimental study on acoustic elastic effect of ultrasonic guided wave in prestressed steel strand[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(2):22-27
13 吴斌,张瑞芳,刘秀成,等.基于纵向模态超声导波陷频特性的钢绞线拉力测量新方法[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):9-15Wu Bin,Zhang Ruifang,LiuXiucheng,et al. A new method for tension measurement of steel strand based on longitudinal mode ultrasonic waveguide notch frequency characteristics[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(12):9-15
14 Machida S,Durelli A J. Response of a strand to axial and torsional displacements[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanicsasce,1973,15(4),241-251
2 邓年春,欧进萍,周智,等.光纤光栅在预应力钢绞线应力监测中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007(10):1550-1553Deng Nianchun,Ou Jinping,Zhou Zhi,et al. Application of fiber bragg grating sensor to monitor tensile stress in a seven-wire prestressed steel strand[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2007(10):1550-1553
3 Wang G D,Wang M L,Zhao Y,et al. Application of EM stress sensors in large steel cables[J]. Proceeding of the SPIE,2005,5765:395-406
4 Krause T W,Little R W,Barnes R,et al. Effect of stress concentration on magnetic flux leakage signals from blind-hole defects in stressed pipeline steel[J]. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation,1996,8(2):83-100
5 Ogilvie R E. A different approach to X-ray stress analysis[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy,2007,62(6-7):529-532
6 Che M V,Zou D H,Zhang C. Effects of curing time and frequency on ultrasonic wave velocity in grouted rock bolts[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2006,59(1):79-87
7 Kwun H,Kim S Y,Matsumoto H,et al. Detection of axial cracks in tube and pipe using torsional guided waves[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings,2008,975(1):193-199
8 Chen H L,He Y,Gangarao H V. Measurement of prestress force in the rods of stressed timber bridges using stress waves[J]. Materials Evaluation,1998,56(8):977-981
9 Chen H L,Wissawapaisal K. Application of wigner-ville transform to evaluate tensile forces in seven-wire prestressing strands[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2002,128(11):1206-1214
10 许西宁,叶阳升,余祖俊,等.基于声弹性效应的钢轨应力检测方法[J].北京交通大学学报,2015(4):37-43Xu Xining,Ye Yangsheng,Yu Zujun,et al. Detection method of rail stress based on acoustic elastic effect[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2015(4):37-43
11 王嵘,余祖俊,朱力强,等.基于导波速度的无缝钢轨应力检测方法[J].中国铁道科学,2018(2):18-27Wang Rong,Yu Zujun,Zhu Liqiang,et al. Seamless rail stress detection method based on guided wave velocity[J]. China Railway Science,2018(2):18-27
12 刘增华,刘溯,吴斌,等.预应力钢绞线中超声导波声弹性效应的试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(2):22-27Liu Zenghua,Liu Su,Wu Bin,et al. Experimental study on acoustic elastic effect of ultrasonic guided wave in prestressed steel strand[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(2):22-27
13 吴斌,张瑞芳,刘秀成,等.基于纵向模态超声导波陷频特性的钢绞线拉力测量新方法[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(12):9-15Wu Bin,Zhang Ruifang,LiuXiucheng,et al. A new method for tension measurement of steel strand based on longitudinal mode ultrasonic waveguide notch frequency characteristics[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(12):9-15
14 Machida S,Durelli A J. Response of a strand to axial and torsional displacements[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanicsasce,1973,15(4),241-251