云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交“云龙斑”肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价
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摘要
对云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交"云龙斑"肌肉营养成分进行分析和品质评价,为其种质营养学鉴定及配合饲料的研制提供基础数据资料。采用常规方法,依据国家标准,对3种石斑鱼肌肉中的水分、蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和10种矿物元素的组成与含量进行了测定和评价。云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交"云龙斑"石斑鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量分别为19.6%、18.4%和19.4%;3种石斑鱼氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸指数、鲜味氨基酸总量分别为(15.54%、14.72%、15.99%)、(6.86%、6.41%、7.04%)、(75.19、74.93、77.96)和(5.57%、5.3%、5.73%)。3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗脂肪含量分别为4.2%、10.1%和4.5%,脂肪酸种类丰富,并且含有大量的多不饱和脂肪酸,其比例符合理想脂肪酸的标准。3种石斑鱼肌肉中矿物元素种类丰富,5种常量元素K、Ca、Na、Mg、P和5种微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se均有检出,其中杂交"云龙斑"的Na、K、Cu含量略高,另外几种矿物元素含量居于父母本之间。研究表明,云纹石斑鱼、鞍带石斑鱼及杂交"云龙斑"氨基酸种类齐全、比例适宜,人体必需氨基酸含量较高,是优质的蛋白源,同时含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,且矿物元素种类齐全,是具有较高食用价值的优良海水养殖品种。其中杂交"云龙斑"在一些营养指标中明显高于其父母本,显现出一定的杂交优势。
The nutritional components and quality of muscles from Epinehelus moara, E. lanceolatus and hybrid"Yunlong grouper" were investigated and evaluated to provide basic data for the nutritional evaluation of their germplasms and the development of compound feed. The composition and content of water, protein, crude fat, ash content, amino acids, fatty acids and 10 mineral elements in the muscles of three groupers were measured by conventional methods, according to the national standard. The crude protein contents in the muscles of E. moara, E.lanceolatus and "Yunlong grouper" were 19.6%, 18.4% and 19.4% respectively. The total quantity of amino acids,essential amino acids, essential amino acid index and the flavour amino acids of these three groupers were(15.54%, 14.72%, 15.99%),(6.86%, 6.41%, 7.04%),(75.19, 74.93, 77.96) and(5.57%, 5.3% and 5.73%) respectively. The fat content in the muscle of three grouper is 4.2%, 10.1% and 4.5% respectively; the fat are rich in fatty acids variety and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/total fatty acids is consistent with ideal fatty acids. There are abundant mineral elements in the muscles of three groupers; five major elements(K, Ca, Na, Mg and P) and five kinds of trace elements(Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Se) have been detected. Among them, the contents of Na, K and Cu in hybrid "Yunlong grouper" are slightly higher, and the contents of other kinds of mineral elements are among parents. The research shows that E. moara, E. lanceolatus and "Yunlong grouper" contain all kinds of amino acids, suitable ratios of essential amino acids, a lot of unsaturated fatty acids and abundant mineral elements. Thus, the three groupers are excellent seawater breeding varieties with high edible value. In addition, "Yunlong grouper" shows some superiority in some nutritional indicators compared with their parents.
The nutritional components and quality of muscles from Epinehelus moara, E. lanceolatus and hybrid"Yunlong grouper" were investigated and evaluated to provide basic data for the nutritional evaluation of their germplasms and the development of compound feed. The composition and content of water, protein, crude fat, ash content, amino acids, fatty acids and 10 mineral elements in the muscles of three groupers were measured by conventional methods, according to the national standard. The crude protein contents in the muscles of E. moara, E.lanceolatus and "Yunlong grouper" were 19.6%, 18.4% and 19.4% respectively. The total quantity of amino acids,essential amino acids, essential amino acid index and the flavour amino acids of these three groupers were(15.54%, 14.72%, 15.99%),(6.86%, 6.41%, 7.04%),(75.19, 74.93, 77.96) and(5.57%, 5.3% and 5.73%) respectively. The fat content in the muscle of three grouper is 4.2%, 10.1% and 4.5% respectively; the fat are rich in fatty acids variety and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/total fatty acids is consistent with ideal fatty acids. There are abundant mineral elements in the muscles of three groupers; five major elements(K, Ca, Na, Mg and P) and five kinds of trace elements(Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Se) have been detected. Among them, the contents of Na, K and Cu in hybrid "Yunlong grouper" are slightly higher, and the contents of other kinds of mineral elements are among parents. The research shows that E. moara, E. lanceolatus and "Yunlong grouper" contain all kinds of amino acids, suitable ratios of essential amino acids, a lot of unsaturated fatty acids and abundant mineral elements. Thus, the three groupers are excellent seawater breeding varieties with high edible value. In addition, "Yunlong grouper" shows some superiority in some nutritional indicators compared with their parents.
引文
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[21]肖玫,赵仁铮,刘彪.芦荟的矿物元素测定及其开发利用[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(5):74-75.Xiao M,Zhao R Z,Liu B.Determination of mineral elements of aloe and its exploitation and utilization[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2002,28(5):74-75(in Chinese).
[22]Pellett P L,Young V R.Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods[M].Tokyo:the United National University Press,1980.
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[25]李炎璐,陈超,吴雷明,等.云纹石斑鱼、七带石斑鱼及杂交F1肌肉营养成分分析[J].水产研究,2016,3(2):11-18.Li Y L,Chen C,Wu L M,et al.Analysis of nutritionalcomposition in muscles of Epinephelus moara,Epinephelus septemfasciatus and their hybrid F1[J].Open Journal of Fisheries Research,2016,3(2):11-18(in Chinese).
[26]江伟珣,刘毅.营养与食品卫生学[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1992:4-14.Jiang W X,Liu Y.Nutrition and food hygiene[M].Beijing:Beijing Medical University,China Union Medical University,1992:4-14(in Chinese).
[27]尤宏争,孙志景,张勤,等.豹纹鳃棘鲈肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(6):1168-1172.You H Z,Sun Z J,Zhang Q,et al.Nutritional components analysis and nutritive value evaluation in Plectropomus leopardus muscles[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(6):1168-1172(in Chinese).
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[2]农业部渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:5.Fishery Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture.China fishery statistical yearbook 2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016:5(in Chinese).
[3]Heemstra P C,Randall J E.Groupers of the World[M].Rome,Italy:FAO,1993:130-132.
[4]成庆泰,郑葆珊.中国鱼类系统检索[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:47-50.Cheng Q T,Zheng B S.Systematic synopsis of Chinese fishes[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987:47-50(in Chinese).
[5]Tseng W Y,Poon C T.Hybridization of Epinephelus species[J].Aquaculture,1983,34(1-2):177-182.
[6]James C M,Al-Thobaiti S A,Rasem B M,et al.Potential of grouper hybrid(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×E.polyphekadion)for aquaculture[J].Naga,the ICLARMQuarterly,1999,22(1):19-23.
[7]Glamuzina B,Ko?ul V,Tutman P,et al.Hybridization of Mediterranean groupers:Epinephelus marginatus♀×E.aeneus♂and early development[J].Aquaculture Research,1999,30(8):625-628.
[8]Glamuzina B,Glavi?N,Skaramuca B,et al.Early development of the hybrid Epinephelus costae♀×E.marginatus♂[J].Aquaculture,2001,198(1-2):55-61.
[9]刘付永忠,赵会宏,刘晓春,等.赤点石斑鱼♂与斜带石斑鱼♀杂交的初步研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(3):72-75.Liufu Y Z,Zhao H H,Liu X C,et al.Preliminary study on the hybrid red-spotted grouper(Epinephelus akaara)♂×orange-spotted grouper(Epinephelus coioides)♀[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2007,46(3):72-75(in Chinese).
[10]王燕,张勇,张海发,等.两种杂交石斑鱼及其亲本的形态差异分析[J].水产学报,2014,38(6):778-785.Wang Y,Zhang Y,Zhang H F,et al.Comparison of morphology between two kinds of hybrid groupers and their parents[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(6):778-785(in Chinese).
[11]Kiriyakit A,Gallardo W G,Bart A N.Successful hybridization of groupers(Epinephelus coioides×Epinephelus lanceolatus)using cryopreserved sperm[J].Aquaculture,2011,320(1-2):106-112.
[12]宋振鑫,陈超,翟介明,等.云纹石斑鱼生物学特性及人工繁育技术研究进展[J].渔业信息与战略,2012,27(1):47-53.Song Z X,Chen C,Zhai J M,et al.Biological characteristics and progress of artificial breeding technique for kelp bass,Epinephelus moara[J].Fisheries Information&Strategy,2012,27(1):47-53(in Chinese).
[13]杨洪志,梁荣峰.鞍带石斑鱼Epinephelus lanceolatus(Bloch)繁殖生物学的初步研究[J].现代渔业信息,2002,17(7):20-21.Yang H Z,Liang R F.Primary study on reproduction biology of Epinephelus lanceolatus(Bloch)[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2002,17(7):20-21(in Chinese).
[14]田永胜,陈张帆,段会敏,等.鞍带石斑鱼冷冻精子与云纹石斑鱼杂交家系建立及遗传效应[J].水产学报,2017,41(12):1817-1828.Tian Y S,Chen Z F,Duan H M,et al.The family line establishment of the hybrid Epinephelus moara(♀)×E.lanceolatus(♂)by using cryopreserved sperm and the related genetic effect analysis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(12):1817-1828(in Chinese).
[15]中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中蛋白的测定:GB/T 5009.5-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of protein in foods:GB/T5009.5-2003[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2004(in Chinese).
[16]中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中脂肪的测定:GB/T 5009.6-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of fat in foods:GB/T 5009.6-2003[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2004(in Chinese).
[17]中华人民共和国卫生部.食品中灰分的测定:GB/T5009.4-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of ash in foods:GB/T 5009.4-2010[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2010(in Chinese).
[18]中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中水分的测定:GB/T 5009.3-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republicof China.Determination of moisture in foods:GB/T5009.3-2010[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2010(in Chinese).
[19]中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中氨基酸的测定:GB/T 5009.124-2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of amino acids in foods:GB/T5009.124-2003[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2004(in Chinese).
[20]中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中总脂肪、饱和脂肪(酸)、不饱和脂肪(酸)的测定水解提取-气相色谱法:GB/T 22223-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Determination of total fat saturated fat,and unsaturated fat in foods-Hydrolytic extraction-gas chromatography:GB/T 22223-2008[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2008(in Chinese).
[21]肖玫,赵仁铮,刘彪.芦荟的矿物元素测定及其开发利用[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(5):74-75.Xiao M,Zhao R Z,Liu B.Determination of mineral elements of aloe and its exploitation and utilization[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2002,28(5):74-75(in Chinese).
[22]Pellett P L,Young V R.Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods[M].Tokyo:the United National University Press,1980.
[23]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991.Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine.Food composition table[M].Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,1991(in Chinese).
[24]王际英,张德瑞,马晶晶,等.珍珠龙胆石斑鱼肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].海洋湖沼通报,2015(4):61-69.Wang J Y,Zhang R D,Ma J J,et al.Nutritional components analysis and nutritive value evaluation of♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂E.lanceolatus muscles[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2015(4):61-69(in Chinese).
[25]李炎璐,陈超,吴雷明,等.云纹石斑鱼、七带石斑鱼及杂交F1肌肉营养成分分析[J].水产研究,2016,3(2):11-18.Li Y L,Chen C,Wu L M,et al.Analysis of nutritionalcomposition in muscles of Epinephelus moara,Epinephelus septemfasciatus and their hybrid F1[J].Open Journal of Fisheries Research,2016,3(2):11-18(in Chinese).
[26]江伟珣,刘毅.营养与食品卫生学[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1992:4-14.Jiang W X,Liu Y.Nutrition and food hygiene[M].Beijing:Beijing Medical University,China Union Medical University,1992:4-14(in Chinese).
[27]尤宏争,孙志景,张勤,等.豹纹鳃棘鲈肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(6):1168-1172.You H Z,Sun Z J,Zhang Q,et al.Nutritional components analysis and nutritive value evaluation in Plectropomus leopardus muscles[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(6):1168-1172(in Chinese).
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