高超音速飞行器及其制导控制技术综述
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摘要
高超音速飞行器军事上的强突防、强侦察能力,民用上的高效部署、星际旅行能力,使其成为各国构建战略威胁、争夺太空资源的重要途径之一,针对这一热点前沿问题,综述了高超音速飞行器的发展及其制导控制技术.首先,对高超音速飞行器的研制历史及现状进行总结,梳理发展脉络揭示其发展规律,并对高超音速飞行器轨道、近空间及大气层内飞行任务进行分析.然后,重点讨论再入返回的飞行约束条件及制导方法,包括:离线轨迹制导、在线轨迹制导以及预测制导,并针对复杂环境下强约束、任务突变等制导难点,展望高精度多约束轨迹制导、快速轨迹规划制导、鲁棒自适应轨迹重构制导等技术;进而,综述了目前高超音速强非线性、不确定性、时变性、结构挠性、控制约束及故障等控制难题及其解决方法,并对系统模型/扰动/故障深层次机理分析、多控制问题兼顾及多控制器切换、智能自主高超音速飞行等控制技术提出了展望.最后,指出了高超音速飞行器的发展需兼顾高超音速打击武器及可重复使用空天往返运载技术,制导控制系统的研制需向极广空域下的智能自主高超音速制导与控制一体化迈进.
Hypersonic flight vehicles(HFVs) have strong penetration and reconnaissance capabilities in military affairs, efficient deployment and space travel capabilities in civil use, making them one of the important ways for countries to construct strategic threats and compete for space resources. Hence, it draws much attention from many countries. The paper firstly reviews the development history and current research status of the HFVs, aiming to reveal the development principle. It is followed by the flight task analysis in different space domains ranging from orbiting space, near-space, and airspace. Then, the flight constraints and guidance methods for the reentry phase are mainly discussed, including offline reference trajectory-based guidance method, online trajectory-based guidance method, and prediction guidance method. Furthermore, the expectation of the future guidance system is given which lies in multi-constraints trajectory-based guidance method with high accuracy, nonlinear programming trajectory optimization-based guidance in real-time, and trajectory re-planning guidance technology with robustness to different tasks. Thirdly, the hypersonic flight control methods on solving the problem of high nonlinearity, uncertainty, time-varying, flexibility, input constraint, and system fault are summarized. Then, looking into the future, three aspects are discussed, including the deep mechanism analysis on system model/disturbance/fault, the control tradeoff when solving multiple problems, controller smooth switching technology, and autonomous hypersonic flight control in the present of the unexpected events. At last, the thinking on the HFV future development including hypersonic missile and reusable launch vehicle is provided, as well as the integrated guidance and control system design.
Hypersonic flight vehicles(HFVs) have strong penetration and reconnaissance capabilities in military affairs, efficient deployment and space travel capabilities in civil use, making them one of the important ways for countries to construct strategic threats and compete for space resources. Hence, it draws much attention from many countries. The paper firstly reviews the development history and current research status of the HFVs, aiming to reveal the development principle. It is followed by the flight task analysis in different space domains ranging from orbiting space, near-space, and airspace. Then, the flight constraints and guidance methods for the reentry phase are mainly discussed, including offline reference trajectory-based guidance method, online trajectory-based guidance method, and prediction guidance method. Furthermore, the expectation of the future guidance system is given which lies in multi-constraints trajectory-based guidance method with high accuracy, nonlinear programming trajectory optimization-based guidance in real-time, and trajectory re-planning guidance technology with robustness to different tasks. Thirdly, the hypersonic flight control methods on solving the problem of high nonlinearity, uncertainty, time-varying, flexibility, input constraint, and system fault are summarized. Then, looking into the future, three aspects are discussed, including the deep mechanism analysis on system model/disturbance/fault, the control tradeoff when solving multiple problems, controller smooth switching technology, and autonomous hypersonic flight control in the present of the unexpected events. At last, the thinking on the HFV future development including hypersonic missile and reusable launch vehicle is provided, as well as the integrated guidance and control system design.
引文
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