山区双车道公路运行速度预测模型的加速度标定
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摘要
为标定运行速度模型中的汽车加速度值,在山区双车道公路上开展小客车连续行驶实验,采集轴向加速度的连续数据,并通过断面观测得到大客车和大货车的加速度值,获得峰值加速度的累积频率曲线以及统计分布特性,并建立加速度-道路几何参数关系模型.结果表明:小客车的入弯减速度幅值要比出弯加速度高一倍左右,不宜将加、减速度简化成同一个值,应该分别进行标定;加速度和减速度累积频率曲线的斜率突变点都不是发生在85~(th)百分位,而是临近95~(th),应重新考虑85~(th)百分位的使用价值;大客车的加、减速度幅值非常接近,而重载货车的减速度要明显大于加速度,同时,重载货车的加速度和减速度值要双双低于大型客车;小客车的加速度与弯道半径负相关,而与弯道转角正相关.
To determine the acceleration and deceleration rate for the operating speed prediction model,the continuously driving tests of passenger car,bus,and heavy trucks were carried out on two-lane roads in a mountainous area. Longitudinal acceleration of vehicles was collected,and the cumulative frequency curves of peak acceleration and deceleration rate were analyzed. The statistical distribution and the eigenvalues of acceleration( ax) and deceleration( ab) were obtained,and the models of axand abwith road geometry parameters as independent variables were established. The results show that: due to that the magnitude of abof passenger cars is about twice higher than ax,the axand abcould not be simplified to a same fixed value. Slope breakpoint of cumulative frequency curve of axand abdoes not appears on the 85~(th) percentile but near the 95 ~(th) percentile. The ax and abof large buses display very close amplitude,and abof heavy-duty trucks is significantly greater than ax. axand abof heavy-duty trucks are lower than large buses'. There is a negative correlation between longitudinal acceleration of passenger car and curve radius,and a positive correlation with curve deflection angle.
To determine the acceleration and deceleration rate for the operating speed prediction model,the continuously driving tests of passenger car,bus,and heavy trucks were carried out on two-lane roads in a mountainous area. Longitudinal acceleration of vehicles was collected,and the cumulative frequency curves of peak acceleration and deceleration rate were analyzed. The statistical distribution and the eigenvalues of acceleration( ax) and deceleration( ab) were obtained,and the models of axand abwith road geometry parameters as independent variables were established. The results show that: due to that the magnitude of abof passenger cars is about twice higher than ax,the axand abcould not be simplified to a same fixed value. Slope breakpoint of cumulative frequency curve of axand abdoes not appears on the 85~(th) percentile but near the 95 ~(th) percentile. The ax and abof large buses display very close amplitude,and abof heavy-duty trucks is significantly greater than ax. axand abof heavy-duty trucks are lower than large buses'. There is a negative correlation between longitudinal acceleration of passenger car and curve radius,and a positive correlation with curve deflection angle.
引文
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[16]高建平,郭忠印.基于运行车速的公路线形设计质量评价[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(7):906-911.GAO Jianping,GUO Zhongyin.Evaluation of highway alignment design quality based on operating speed[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2004,32(7):906-911.
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[18]高建平,孔令旗,郭忠印,等.高速公路运行车速研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2004,23(4):78-81.GAO Jianping,KONG Lingqi,GUO Zhongyin,et al.Study on operating speed of vehicles on expressway[J].Journal of Chongoing Jiaotong University,2004,23(4):78-81.
[19]邵毅明,毛嘉川,刘胜川,等.山区公路上驾驶人的车速控制行为分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(1):79-88.SHAO Yiming,MAO Jiachuan,LIU Shengchuan,et al.Analysis of speed control behavior for driver on mountain highway[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(1):79-88.
[20]FITZPATRICK K,ELEFTERIADOU L,HARWOOD D W,et al.Speed prediction for two-lane rural highways[R].Texas:Texas Transportation Institute,2000.
[21]ALTAMIRA A,GARC Y,ECHAVEGUREN T,et al.Acceleration and deceleration patterns on horizontal curves and their tangents on two-lane rural roads[C]//Transportation Research Board,TRB93rd Annual Meeting.Washington DC:Transportation Research Board,2014:1-15.
[22]TOKUNAGA R A,ASANO M,MUNEHIRO K,et al.Effects of curve designs and road conditions on driver's curve sharpness judgment and driving behavior[J].Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2005(6):3536-3550.
[23]PERCO P,ROBBA A.Evaluation of the deceleration rate for the operating speed-profile model[EB/OL].(2012-07-06)[2015-09-28].http://www.siiv.net/site/sites/default/files/Documenti/bari2005/060.pdf.
[24]华杰工程咨询有限公司.公路项目安全性评价规范:JTG B05-2015[S].北京:人民交通出版社股份有限公司,2015.CHELBI Engineering Consultans,Inc.Specification for highway safety audit:JTG B05—2015[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2015.
[25]杜博英,方守恩,迟爽.货车制动在公路长大下坡安全研究中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(4):656-659.DU Boying,FANG Shouen,CHI Shuang.Using of truck braking in security research of long and steep downgrade on highway[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(4):656-659.
[2]许金良,胡圣能,杨宏志.基于曲率变化率的运行速度模型[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2011,31(5):1-6.XU Jinliang,HU Shengneng,YANG Hongzhi.Operating speed prediction models based on curvature changing rate[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition),2011,31(5):1-6.
[3]钟小明,元海英,荣建,等.用于路线设计的小客车速度模型研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2005,31(2):155-160.ZHONG Xiaoming,YUAN Haiying,RONG Jian,et al.Research on operating speed models of free flowing passenger car for alignment design of highway[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2005,31(2):155-160.
[4]LUCA M D,RUSSO F,COKORILO O,et al.Modeling operating speed using artificial computational intelligence(aci)on low-volume road[C]//Transportation Research Board,TRB 93rd annual meeting.Washington DC:Transportation research board,2014:1-14.
[5]孟祥海,王丹丹,张志召.高速公路平纵组合路段运行速度分析与预测[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(2):150-157.MENG Xianghai,WANG Dandan,ZHANG Zhizhao.Analysis and prediction of operating speed on horizontal curve combined with longitudinal slope for expressway[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(2):150-157.
[6]徐进,邵毅明,赵军,等.山区道路弯坡组合路段重载车辆行驶速度模型[J].长安大学学报,2015,35(2):67-74.XU Jin,SHAO Yiming,ZHAO Jun,et al.Speed prediction model of heavy truck driving on curved segment with a slope of mountainous highway[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Natural Science Edition),2015,35(2):67-74.
[7]CRISMAN B,MARCHIONNA A,PERCO P,et al.Operating speed prediction model for two-lane rural roads[C]//Transportation Research Board,3rd International Symposium on Highway Geometric Design.Chicago:Transportation Research Board,2005:1-9.
[8]祝站东,荣建,方靖.双车道公路路侧净空与街道化对运行速度的影响[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(增刊1):79-82.ZHU Zhandong,RONG Jian,FANG Jing.Influence of roadside clear zone and roadside development on operating speed of two-lane highway[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(Supl):79-82.
[9]徐进,罗庆,毛嘉川,等.考虑弯道几何要素和交通量影响的汽车行驶速度预测模型[J].中国公路学报,2012,25(5):47-57.XU Jin,LUO Qing,MAO Jiachuan,et al.Speed prediction model of car/truck considering the effect of curve geometric features and traffic volume[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2012,25(5):47-57.
[10]方靖,汪双杰,祝站东,等.高速公路隧道路段大型车运行速度模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2010,10(3):90-94.FANG Jing,WANG Shuangjie,ZHU Zhandong,et al.Operating speed models for trucks at expressway tunnel sections[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2010,10(3):90-94.
[11]张智勇,郝晓云,吴文斌,等.互通立交匝道运行速度预测模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2015,15(1):93-99.ZHANG Zhiyong,HAO Xiaoyun,WU Wenbin,et al.The Running Speed Prediction Model of Interchange Ramp[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2015,15(1):93-99.
[12]LAUREL R,TAREK S.Effect of speed prediction models and perceived radius on design consistency[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2011,32(2):388-399.
[13]刘建蓓,林声,高晋生.公路平直路段运行速度模型分析与优化[J].中国公路学报,2010,23(增刊1):83-88.LIU Jianpei,LIN Sheng,GAO Jinsheng.Analysis and optimization for operating speed model on straight section on highway[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010,23(Sup1):83-88.
[14]林声.基于变加速度的高速公路平直路段运行速度模型优化[J].北京交通大学学报,2012,36(3):75-79.LIN Sheng.Research on accelerate function for operating speed on the straight road sections on highway[J].Journal of BeijingJiaotong University,2012,36(3):75-79.
[15]屠书荣,姚阳,张泽良.双车道公路运行速度计算与安全性评价方法研究[J].公路交通技术,2013(2):120-125.TU Shurong,YAO Yang,ZHANG Zeliang.Research on running speed calculation and safety evaluation methods of double-lane highways[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2013(2):120-125.
[16]高建平,郭忠印.基于运行车速的公路线形设计质量评价[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(7):906-911.GAO Jianping,GUO Zhongyin.Evaluation of highway alignment design quality based on operating speed[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2004,32(7):906-911.
[17]祝站东,李冰,吕英志.双车道公路直线路段运行速度模型研究[J].公路工程,2013,38(5):119-123.ZHU Zhandong,LI Bing,LU Yingzhi.Research on the operating speed models of tangents of two-lane highway[J].Highway Engineering,2013,38(5):119-123.
[18]高建平,孔令旗,郭忠印,等.高速公路运行车速研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2004,23(4):78-81.GAO Jianping,KONG Lingqi,GUO Zhongyin,et al.Study on operating speed of vehicles on expressway[J].Journal of Chongoing Jiaotong University,2004,23(4):78-81.
[19]邵毅明,毛嘉川,刘胜川,等.山区公路上驾驶人的车速控制行为分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(1):79-88.SHAO Yiming,MAO Jiachuan,LIU Shengchuan,et al.Analysis of speed control behavior for driver on mountain highway[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(1):79-88.
[20]FITZPATRICK K,ELEFTERIADOU L,HARWOOD D W,et al.Speed prediction for two-lane rural highways[R].Texas:Texas Transportation Institute,2000.
[21]ALTAMIRA A,GARC Y,ECHAVEGUREN T,et al.Acceleration and deceleration patterns on horizontal curves and their tangents on two-lane rural roads[C]//Transportation Research Board,TRB93rd Annual Meeting.Washington DC:Transportation Research Board,2014:1-15.
[22]TOKUNAGA R A,ASANO M,MUNEHIRO K,et al.Effects of curve designs and road conditions on driver's curve sharpness judgment and driving behavior[J].Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,2005(6):3536-3550.
[23]PERCO P,ROBBA A.Evaluation of the deceleration rate for the operating speed-profile model[EB/OL].(2012-07-06)[2015-09-28].http://www.siiv.net/site/sites/default/files/Documenti/bari2005/060.pdf.
[24]华杰工程咨询有限公司.公路项目安全性评价规范:JTG B05-2015[S].北京:人民交通出版社股份有限公司,2015.CHELBI Engineering Consultans,Inc.Specification for highway safety audit:JTG B05—2015[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2015.
[25]杜博英,方守恩,迟爽.货车制动在公路长大下坡安全研究中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(4):656-659.DU Boying,FANG Shouen,CHI Shuang.Using of truck braking in security research of long and steep downgrade on highway[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(4):656-659.