武夷山鸟类种类的历史变迁初探
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摘要
武夷山是世界生物多样性保护的关键地区之一,但已成为中国东南社会经济快速发展区域中心的生态"孤岛",物种及其生境的保护面临许多挑战。通过调查和历史文献搜集、甄选,将2004年5月至2014年11月武夷山的鸟类调查结果,与郑作新等人于1938-1943年和1963年的文献数据进行比较,这2次间隔超过52年的调查数据,均没有引用前人的记录数据,能较真实地反映相应时期武夷山鸟类资源状况。整理分析结果显示:1938-2014年武夷山共记录到鸟类18目60科179属335种,有14目44科143种(占物种数的42.69%)发生了记录变化,总的变化趋势是物种数增加,其中:主要依赖森林生境的雀形目(Passeriformes)等6个目物种增加95种,主要依赖湿地生境的??目(Podicipediformes)等6个目物种减少45种,鸡形目(Galliformes)有3种低地型物种没有发现,主要原因有:全球气候变化和人为活动对低海拔区域森林干扰迫使一些鸟类向高海拔区迁移,主要调查区域的海拔高度、主要生境的差异;鸽形目(Columbiformes)表现出物种替代现象,夜鹰目(Caprimulgiformes)、咬鹃目(Trogoniformes)、佛法僧目(Coraciiformes),戴胜目(Upupiformes)的物种没有任何变化。1788-1948年,武夷山发现了白额山鹧鸪(Arborophila gingica)等34个鸟类新种(亚种),其中32种今天在武夷山仍有分布,但红尾噪鹛(Garrulax milnei milnei.David,1874)和蓝鹀(Latoucheornis siemsseni.Martens,1906)自1930年代以来没有确切记录,原因有待进一步研究。
Wuyi Mountain is one of the biodiversity conservation key areas in the world,but this place has been a ecological islet in the social and economic rapid development area center of southeast China,and the protection of the species and their habitat are faced with many challenges. We have conducted a survey of bird resources in May 2004 to November 2011,put the results comparing with the literature data by Zheng zuoxin( 1938 ~ 1943,1963) because these two survey data can truly reflect of the Wuyi Mountain bird resources in the corresponding period. The results show that: totally 335 bird species which belong to 18 orders and 44 families and 179 genera were recorded.There are 143 species which belong to 14 orders and 60 families have changed( for 42. 69% of total species). The overall trend is to increase the number of species. Passeriformes and other 5 orders in-creased 95 species which mainly dependent on forest habitats. Podicipediformes and other 5 orders reduced 45 species which mainly dependent on wetland habitats. There are three species of lowland type which belong to Galliformes were not found again. One resent is interference by climate change and human activity of the forest at low-altitude area coerce some birds migrate to high altitude,the difference of the altitude and main habitats of the main survey area. An other resent is that some species belong to Columbiformes were changed respectively,but species belong to Caprimulgiformes,Trogoniforme,Coraciiformes and Upupiformes have no change. 34 new bird species( subspecies)have been found in Wuyi mountain from 1788 to 1948,such as Arborophila gingica and so on. Now there are 32 species are still distributed here,but there is no recorder about Garrulax milnei milnei( David,1874) and Latoucheornis siemsseni( Martens,1906) since 1930. The reason will be researched further.
Wuyi Mountain is one of the biodiversity conservation key areas in the world,but this place has been a ecological islet in the social and economic rapid development area center of southeast China,and the protection of the species and their habitat are faced with many challenges. We have conducted a survey of bird resources in May 2004 to November 2011,put the results comparing with the literature data by Zheng zuoxin( 1938 ~ 1943,1963) because these two survey data can truly reflect of the Wuyi Mountain bird resources in the corresponding period. The results show that: totally 335 bird species which belong to 18 orders and 44 families and 179 genera were recorded.There are 143 species which belong to 14 orders and 60 families have changed( for 42. 69% of total species). The overall trend is to increase the number of species. Passeriformes and other 5 orders in-creased 95 species which mainly dependent on forest habitats. Podicipediformes and other 5 orders reduced 45 species which mainly dependent on wetland habitats. There are three species of lowland type which belong to Galliformes were not found again. One resent is interference by climate change and human activity of the forest at low-altitude area coerce some birds migrate to high altitude,the difference of the altitude and main habitats of the main survey area. An other resent is that some species belong to Columbiformes were changed respectively,but species belong to Caprimulgiformes,Trogoniforme,Coraciiformes and Upupiformes have no change. 34 new bird species( subspecies)have been found in Wuyi mountain from 1788 to 1948,such as Arborophila gingica and so on. Now there are 32 species are still distributed here,but there is no recorder about Garrulax milnei milnei( David,1874) and Latoucheornis siemsseni( Martens,1906) since 1930. The reason will be researched further.
引文
[1]程松林,郭英荣.构建中国武夷山生物多样性安全体系的设想[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(Z2):67-71.
[2]方精云.探索中国山地植物多样性的分布规律[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):1-4.
[3]郑作新,江智华,唐瑞干.福建武夷山地区鸟类区系初探[J].武夷科学,1981(1):153-167.
[4]程松林,林剑声.江西武夷山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性调查[J],动物学杂志,2011,46(5):66-78.
[5]程松林,刘江南,张雁云.武夷山自然保护区鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[6]郑作新,谭耀匡,卢汰春,等.中国动物志·鸟纲(第四卷)·鸡形目[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[7]罗桂环.近代西方人对武夷山的生物学考察[J].中国科技史料,2002,23(1):31-37.
[8]李铭新,郑作新.福建挂墩概述[J].科学,1940,24:821-827.
[9]郑作新.中国鸟类分布名录[M].2.北京:科学出版社,1976.
[10]郑作新.挂墩之行[J].协大生物学会报,1944(2):13-14.
[11]郑作新.武夷山鸟类一瞥[J].协大生物学报,1944(4):161-168.
[12]郑作新.邵武鸟类三年来(民国27~30年)野外观察报告[J].协大生物学报,1944(4):63-150.
[13]何建源.武夷山研究:自然资源卷[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,1994.
[14]谢少和.福建武夷山自然保护区挂墩鸟类资源现状的初步研究[J].福建林业科技,2008,35(2):193-198.
[15]程松林,钟志宇,方毅,等.江西武夷山雉科鸟类研究初报[J].四川动物,2009,28(4):614-617.
[16]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)[M].2.北京:科学出版社,2011.
[17]Caldwell H R,Galdwell J C.South China Birds[M].Shanghai:The Sign of the Willow Pattern,1931.
[18]La Touche,J D D.A handbook of the birds of Eastern China[M].1 London:Taylor and Francis,1925-1930.
[19]He F Q,Cheng S L,David S Melville.Garrulax milnei milnei,a taxon little known in Chinese Ornithology[J].Zoological Systematics,2015,40(2):235-236.
[20]何芬奇,程松林,David S Melville,等.试论赤尾噪鹛指名亚种的受胁程度[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(3):492-496.
[21]Huntley B,Collingham Y C,Green R E,et al.Potential impacts of climatic change upon geographical distributions of birds[J].Ibis,2006,148(1):8-28.
[22]Leech D I,Crick H Q P.Influence of climate change on the abundance,distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions[J].Ibis,2007,149(2):128-145.
[23]杜寅,周放,舒晓莲,等.全球气候变暖对中国鸟类区系的影响[J].动物分类学报,2009,34(3):664-674.
[24]Jehl J R,Johnson N K.Pioneering and natural expansion of breeding distributions in western North American birds[C]//A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America,Cooper Ornithological Society,1994.
[25]孙全辉,张正旺.气候变暖对我国鸟类分布的影响[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(6):45-48.
[26]程松林,毛夷仙,袁荣斌.江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6963-6974.
[27]邵明勤,刘迺发,张继增,等.甘肃兴隆山自然保护区森林演替对鸟类群落结构的影响[J].动物学研究,2005,26(2):157-161.
[28]侯建华,董建新,高立杰,等.退化森林生态系统人工针叶林恢复对鸟类群落的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(5):115-120.
[29]邓文洪,高玮.次生林不同类型森林边缘的鸟类物种丰富度及个体多度比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):2804-2810.
[30]朱锦懋,姜志林,蒋伟,等.人为干扰对闽北森林群落物种多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,1997,5(4):263-270.
[31]张淑萍,陈聪,王培哲.野生鸟类应激反应的生理机制及其生态意义[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2280-2285.
[32]Jokim ki J,Suhonen J.Distribution and habitat selection of wintering birds in urban Environments[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,39:253-263.
[33]程松林,袁荣斌,毛夷仙.武夷山脉爬行动物地理分布及其G-F指数分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(Z1):22-29.
[34]马敬能,菲利普斯,何芬奇,等.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[2]方精云.探索中国山地植物多样性的分布规律[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):1-4.
[3]郑作新,江智华,唐瑞干.福建武夷山地区鸟类区系初探[J].武夷科学,1981(1):153-167.
[4]程松林,林剑声.江西武夷山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性调查[J],动物学杂志,2011,46(5):66-78.
[5]程松林,刘江南,张雁云.武夷山自然保护区鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[6]郑作新,谭耀匡,卢汰春,等.中国动物志·鸟纲(第四卷)·鸡形目[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[7]罗桂环.近代西方人对武夷山的生物学考察[J].中国科技史料,2002,23(1):31-37.
[8]李铭新,郑作新.福建挂墩概述[J].科学,1940,24:821-827.
[9]郑作新.中国鸟类分布名录[M].2.北京:科学出版社,1976.
[10]郑作新.挂墩之行[J].协大生物学会报,1944(2):13-14.
[11]郑作新.武夷山鸟类一瞥[J].协大生物学报,1944(4):161-168.
[12]郑作新.邵武鸟类三年来(民国27~30年)野外观察报告[J].协大生物学报,1944(4):63-150.
[13]何建源.武夷山研究:自然资源卷[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,1994.
[14]谢少和.福建武夷山自然保护区挂墩鸟类资源现状的初步研究[J].福建林业科技,2008,35(2):193-198.
[15]程松林,钟志宇,方毅,等.江西武夷山雉科鸟类研究初报[J].四川动物,2009,28(4):614-617.
[16]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第二版)[M].2.北京:科学出版社,2011.
[17]Caldwell H R,Galdwell J C.South China Birds[M].Shanghai:The Sign of the Willow Pattern,1931.
[18]La Touche,J D D.A handbook of the birds of Eastern China[M].1 London:Taylor and Francis,1925-1930.
[19]He F Q,Cheng S L,David S Melville.Garrulax milnei milnei,a taxon little known in Chinese Ornithology[J].Zoological Systematics,2015,40(2):235-236.
[20]何芬奇,程松林,David S Melville,等.试论赤尾噪鹛指名亚种的受胁程度[J].动物学杂志,2016,51(3):492-496.
[21]Huntley B,Collingham Y C,Green R E,et al.Potential impacts of climatic change upon geographical distributions of birds[J].Ibis,2006,148(1):8-28.
[22]Leech D I,Crick H Q P.Influence of climate change on the abundance,distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions[J].Ibis,2007,149(2):128-145.
[23]杜寅,周放,舒晓莲,等.全球气候变暖对中国鸟类区系的影响[J].动物分类学报,2009,34(3):664-674.
[24]Jehl J R,Johnson N K.Pioneering and natural expansion of breeding distributions in western North American birds[C]//A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America,Cooper Ornithological Society,1994.
[25]孙全辉,张正旺.气候变暖对我国鸟类分布的影响[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(6):45-48.
[26]程松林,毛夷仙,袁荣斌.江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6963-6974.
[27]邵明勤,刘迺发,张继增,等.甘肃兴隆山自然保护区森林演替对鸟类群落结构的影响[J].动物学研究,2005,26(2):157-161.
[28]侯建华,董建新,高立杰,等.退化森林生态系统人工针叶林恢复对鸟类群落的影响[J].林业科学,2009,45(5):115-120.
[29]邓文洪,高玮.次生林不同类型森林边缘的鸟类物种丰富度及个体多度比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):2804-2810.
[30]朱锦懋,姜志林,蒋伟,等.人为干扰对闽北森林群落物种多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,1997,5(4):263-270.
[31]张淑萍,陈聪,王培哲.野生鸟类应激反应的生理机制及其生态意义[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2280-2285.
[32]Jokim ki J,Suhonen J.Distribution and habitat selection of wintering birds in urban Environments[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1998,39:253-263.
[33]程松林,袁荣斌,毛夷仙.武夷山脉爬行动物地理分布及其G-F指数分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(Z1):22-29.
[34]马敬能,菲利普斯,何芬奇,等.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.