江西武夷山自然保护区黄腹角雉种群生物学及海拔分布特征
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摘要
【目的】掌握黄腹角雉模式产地种群的个体参数、性别比、年龄结构和海拔分布等生物学特征,为更好地制定积极有效的保护行动计划提供参考。【方法】根据研究区海拔、植被类型和人为干扰等因素,分别采用3种调查方法:1)样线观察法。2004年4月—2014年12月,在研究区布设总长度约80 km的调查样线7条。2)繁殖季节前期套脚捕捉法。于2006年2月、2007年3月和2008年3月捕捉标记黄腹角雉个体26只。3)红外相机照相法。2010年4月—2014年8月,选择82个地点安装红外线触发照相机,每个位点监测时间不少于8个月。【结果】1)黄腹角雉繁殖前期,雄性成年个体体质量为1 210~1 500 g(n=15)、体长470~600 mm(n=5),雌性体质量1030~1 384 g(n=7)、体长390~492 mm(n=5)。2)样线调查法性别比为雌∶雄=1∶1.26,该方法易将雄性亚成体误判为雌性;捕捉标记法雌∶雄=1∶2.25,由于繁殖季节雄性黄腹角雉防御性行为明显增强,可能导致雄性被捕获率高;红外相机照相法可以通过照片和视频仔细分辨来减少性别的误判,其雌∶雄=1∶1.60的结果应当与实际情况更为接近。3)根据照片确认的131只黄腹角雉,其中雄性成体47只、亚成体20只,雌性成体29只、亚成体13只,幼鸟22只,结合黄腹角雉的性成熟年龄和预期寿命等因素,认为研究区的黄腹角雉种群属于稳定增长型;假设被拍摄个体占实际种群数量的1/4,则研究区黄腹角雉繁殖群应大于100对。4)红外相机监测显示,研究区海拔1600~1 800 m处的森林是黄腹角雉的核心分布区,这一区域拍摄到黄腹角雉的有效机位数占93.33%、个体数占总数的39.69%,海拔1 200~1 400 m、1 400~1 600 m和1 800~2 000 m范围的有效机位介于58.33%~69.23%之间,个体数分别占总数的12.98%、22.90%、16.03%,海拔800~1 000 m、1 000~1 200 m、2 000 m以上范围的3个海拔梯度有效机位数介于20%~40%之间,累计拍摄到的个体数占总数的8.40%,海拔800 m以下没有拍摄到黄腹角雉个体。【结论】研究区内保存有国内目前已知最大的黄腹角雉种群。进一步加强种群的研究监测,对维护这一全球性濒危雉类的安全十分重要。
【Objective】This study aims to understand the population biology,including morphological characteristics,sex ratio,age structure,and altitudinal distribution of Tragopan caboti,which would be helpful to make effective conservation plan.【Method】Three methods were used to survey population biology of the Cabot's Tragopans in the Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve according to the altitudes,vegetation types and human disturbance in the study region: 1) Line transact surveys: From April 2004 to December 2014,seven transacts with a total length of 80 km were set. 2) Individual capture and marking: A total of 26 Tragopans were captured in February 2006,March 2007,and March 2008. 3)Infrared-triggered camera surveys: From April 2010 to August 2014,82 infrared-triggered cameras were set. Each camera worked for at least eight months. 【Result】1) In pre-breeding period,body weight of the individual male adults was 1 210-1 500 g( n = 15) and the body length 470-600 mm( n = 5); body weight of the female adults was 1 030-1 384 g( n = 7) and the body length 390-492 mm( n = 5). 2) Sex ratio: results varied among the three methods of linetransact,capture,and camera,with sex ratio( female : male) being 1∶ 1. 26,1∶ 2. 25,and 1∶ 1. 60 respectively. Because of the causality and limited survey period of the line transect and capture surveys,the results of infrared-triggered camera surveys would be most reliable. 3) Age structure: we identified 131 individuals of Cabot 's Tragopans based on photographs taken by cameras,including 47 adult males,20 juvenile males,29 adult females,13 juvenile females,and22 chicks. Combining with the mature age and expected lifespan,the population of Cabot's Tragopan in the region would have an increasing trend. Presuming one quarter of the total Cabot's Tragopans can be recorded by the infrared-triggered cameras,it was estimated that at least 100 breeding pairs were distributed in the region. 4) Altitudinal distribution: the Cabot's Tragopans mainly concentrated in the forests between 1 600-1 800 m altitudes monitoring by infrared camera,and over 90% of Tragopan photos taken by the cameras in the area. These cameras detected 40% of the total individuals recorded in the study region. About 60% of the Cabot's Tragopan photos in the altitudes of 1 200-1 600 m and 1 800-2 000 m. These cameras detected 52% of the total individuals. About 20% – 40% of the Tragopan photos taken in the altitudes of 800-1 200 m and above 2 000 m. These cameras detected 8. 4% of the total individuals. No Tragopans were detected by the cameras setting in the altitude of under 800 m.【Conclusion】Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve preserved the largest population of wild Cabot's Tragopan in China. Further monitoring of and research on the Cabot's Tragopans in this region will be helpful for protecting the endemic endangered species.
【Objective】This study aims to understand the population biology,including morphological characteristics,sex ratio,age structure,and altitudinal distribution of Tragopan caboti,which would be helpful to make effective conservation plan.【Method】Three methods were used to survey population biology of the Cabot's Tragopans in the Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve according to the altitudes,vegetation types and human disturbance in the study region: 1) Line transact surveys: From April 2004 to December 2014,seven transacts with a total length of 80 km were set. 2) Individual capture and marking: A total of 26 Tragopans were captured in February 2006,March 2007,and March 2008. 3)Infrared-triggered camera surveys: From April 2010 to August 2014,82 infrared-triggered cameras were set. Each camera worked for at least eight months. 【Result】1) In pre-breeding period,body weight of the individual male adults was 1 210-1 500 g( n = 15) and the body length 470-600 mm( n = 5); body weight of the female adults was 1 030-1 384 g( n = 7) and the body length 390-492 mm( n = 5). 2) Sex ratio: results varied among the three methods of linetransact,capture,and camera,with sex ratio( female : male) being 1∶ 1. 26,1∶ 2. 25,and 1∶ 1. 60 respectively. Because of the causality and limited survey period of the line transect and capture surveys,the results of infrared-triggered camera surveys would be most reliable. 3) Age structure: we identified 131 individuals of Cabot 's Tragopans based on photographs taken by cameras,including 47 adult males,20 juvenile males,29 adult females,13 juvenile females,and22 chicks. Combining with the mature age and expected lifespan,the population of Cabot's Tragopan in the region would have an increasing trend. Presuming one quarter of the total Cabot's Tragopans can be recorded by the infrared-triggered cameras,it was estimated that at least 100 breeding pairs were distributed in the region. 4) Altitudinal distribution: the Cabot's Tragopans mainly concentrated in the forests between 1 600-1 800 m altitudes monitoring by infrared camera,and over 90% of Tragopan photos taken by the cameras in the area. These cameras detected 40% of the total individuals recorded in the study region. About 60% of the Cabot's Tragopan photos in the altitudes of 1 200-1 600 m and 1 800-2 000 m. These cameras detected 52% of the total individuals. About 20% – 40% of the Tragopan photos taken in the altitudes of 800-1 200 m and above 2 000 m. These cameras detected 8. 4% of the total individuals. No Tragopans were detected by the cameras setting in the altitude of under 800 m.【Conclusion】Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve preserved the largest population of wild Cabot's Tragopan in China. Further monitoring of and research on the Cabot's Tragopans in this region will be helpful for protecting the endemic endangered species.
引文
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