落石冲击下多种类型土壤缓冲性能研究
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摘要
针对现有研究对落石灾害中不同类型土壤中落石的最大冲击力和冲击力变化规律偏差较大的情况,对落石在四种土壤中的冲击力进行研究。通过试验验证SPH-FEM方法在冲击力方面的适用性。采用SPH-FEM模型分析落石在四种土壤中的最大冲击力、冲击力时程曲线规律和在砂土中的冲击力时程曲线公式。分析结果表明:SPH-FEM数值模型能够准确用于研究落石在土层中的最大冲击力和冲击力时程曲线。四种土壤的缓冲性能顺序为砂土、黏土、壤土和黄棕壤。研究得到落石在四种土壤中的最大冲击力与落体直径、冲击速度的关系曲线以及在砂土中的冲击力时程曲线公式。
Large deviation between the maximum impact force and its variation of falling rocks in different types of soil has been reported by current research.In view of this,the impact force of falling rocks in four kinds of soil was studied.The applicability of the SPH-FEM method for impact force simulation was verified by experiments.A SPH-FEM model was used to analyze the maximum impact force and impact force-time history curves in four kinds of soil,and the time history curve in sandy soil.Results showed that the SPH-FEM numerical model can be used to study the maximum impact force and impact force-time history curve of rock in soil.The sequence of buffer capacity of four soils was sand,clay,loam,and yellow-brown soil.The time history curve of impact force of rock in the sand and the relationship among the maximum impact force,diameter,and impact velocity in the four soils were obtained in this study.
Large deviation between the maximum impact force and its variation of falling rocks in different types of soil has been reported by current research.In view of this,the impact force of falling rocks in four kinds of soil was studied.The applicability of the SPH-FEM method for impact force simulation was verified by experiments.A SPH-FEM model was used to analyze the maximum impact force and impact force-time history curves in four kinds of soil,and the time history curve in sandy soil.Results showed that the SPH-FEM numerical model can be used to study the maximum impact force and impact force-time history curve of rock in soil.The sequence of buffer capacity of four soils was sand,clay,loam,and yellow-brown soil.The time history curve of impact force of rock in the sand and the relationship among the maximum impact force,diameter,and impact velocity in the four soils were obtained in this study.
引文
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[16]王秀丽,靳毅虎,孟杰,等.楔挡分流结构爆炸损伤特征数值模拟[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(6):617-623.Wang X L,Jin Y H,Meng J,et al.Numerical simulation of explosive damage characteristic of wedge block shunt structure[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(6):617-623.(in Chinese)
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[20]Sakakibara T,Tsuda T,Ohtagaki R.A study of quasi-static problem by SPH method[C]∥10th International LS-DYNA Users Conference.Detroit:LSTC,2008:21-27.
[21]齐龙,梁仲维,马旭,等.耙压式除草轮与水田土壤作用的流固耦合仿真分析及验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):28-36.Qi L,Liang Zh W,Ma X,et al.Validation and analysis of fluid-structure interaction between rotary harrow weeding roll and paddy soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):28-36.(in Chinese)
[22]杨望,蔡敢为,杨坚.土壤直剪试验的动力学仿真[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(7):96-101.Yang W,Cai G W,Yang J.Dynamics simulation of direct shear test[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(7):96-101.(in Chinese)
[2]裴向军,刘洋,王东坡.滚石冲击棚洞砂土垫层耗能缓冲机理研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(1):15-22.Pei X J,Liu Y,Wang D P.Study on the energy dissipation of sandy soil cushions on the rock-shed under rockfall impact load[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016,48(1):15-22.(in Chinese)
[3]何思明,吴永.新型耗能减震滚石棚洞作用机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):926-932.He S M,Wu Y.Research on cushioning mechanism of new-typed energy dissipative rock shed[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):926-932.(in Chinese)
[4]王新武,李砚召.带覆土预应力混凝土梁抗冲击试验[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(9):113-116.Wang X W,Li Y Zh.Experimental study on anti-impact properties of a partially prestressed concrete beam with covering soil[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2008,36(9):113-116.(in Chinese)
[5]杨其新,关宝树.落石冲击力计算方法的试验研究[J].铁道学报,1996,18(1):101-106.Yang Q X,Guan B Sh.Test and research on calculating method of falling stone impulsive force[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,1996,18(1):101-106.(in Chinese)
[6]公路路基设计规范:JTJ013-95[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.Specifications for design of highway subgrades:JTJ013-95[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1995.(in Chinese)
[7]铁道第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册-隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995:148-150.The Second Railway Survey and Design Institute.Engineering design technical manual of the railway subgrade-tunnel[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1995:148-150.(in Chinese)
[8]Kawahara S,Muro T.Effects of dry density and thickness of sandy soil on impact response due to rockfall[J].Journal of Terramechanics,2006,43(3):329-340.
[9]Labiouse V,Descoeudres F,Montani S.Experimental study of rock sheds impacted by rock blocks[J].Structural Engineering International,1996,3(1):171-175.
[10]张志春,强洪夫,高巍然.一种光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元法转换算法及其在冲击动力学中的应用[J].西安交通大学学报,2011,45(1):105-110.Zhang Zh Ch,Qiang H F,Gao W R.Conversion of3Ddistorted finite elements into SPH particles during impact dynamic deformation[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2011,45(1):105-110.(in Chinese)
[11]Ma L,Bao R H,Guo Y M.Waterjet penetration simulation by hybrid code of SPH and FEA[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2008,35(9):1 035-1 042.
[12]张志春,强洪夫,高巍然.一种新型SPH-FEM耦合算法及其在冲击动力学问题中的应用[J].爆炸与冲击,2011,31(3):243-249.Zhang Zh Ch,Qiang H F,Gao W R.A new coupled SPH-FEM algorithm and its application to impact dynamics[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2011,31(3):243-249.(in Chinese)
[13]Bui H H,Fukagawa R,Sako K,et al.Lagrangian mesh-free particle method(SPH)for large deformation and post-failure of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2008,32:1 537-1 570.
[14]王维国,陈育民,刘汉龙,等.基于SPH-FEM耦合法的土体爆炸效应数值研究[J].岩土力学,2013(7):2 104-2 110.Wang W G,Chen Y M,Liu H L,et al.Numerical simulation of explosion in soil based on a coupled SPH-FEM algorithm[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013(7):2 104-2 110.(in Chinese)
[15]黄雨,郝亮,野々山泶人.SPH方法在岩土工程中的研究应用进展[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):256-262.Huang Y,Hao L,Nonoyama H.The state of the art of SPH method applied in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):256-262.(in Chinese)
[16]王秀丽,靳毅虎,孟杰,等.楔挡分流结构爆炸损伤特征数值模拟[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(6):617-623.Wang X L,Jin Y H,Meng J,et al.Numerical simulation of explosive damage characteristic of wedge block shunt structure[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(6):617-623.(in Chinese)
[17]马炜.散体介质冲击荷载作用下力学行为理论分析与算法实现[D].北京:北京大学,2008.Ma W.Dynamical behavior of granular materials under impact[D].Beijing:Peking University,2008.(in Chinese)
[18]Lewis B A.Manual for LS-DYNA soil material model147[R].USA:Federal Highway Administration Research and Development Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center,2004.
[19]Addiss J,Collins A,Bobaru F,et al.Dynamic behaviour of granular materials at impact[C]∥DYMAT2009-9th International Conference on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading.Brussels:EDP Sciences,2009:59-65.
[20]Sakakibara T,Tsuda T,Ohtagaki R.A study of quasi-static problem by SPH method[C]∥10th International LS-DYNA Users Conference.Detroit:LSTC,2008:21-27.
[21]齐龙,梁仲维,马旭,等.耙压式除草轮与水田土壤作用的流固耦合仿真分析及验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):28-36.Qi L,Liang Zh W,Ma X,et al.Validation and analysis of fluid-structure interaction between rotary harrow weeding roll and paddy soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(5):28-36.(in Chinese)
[22]杨望,蔡敢为,杨坚.土壤直剪试验的动力学仿真[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(7):96-101.Yang W,Cai G W,Yang J.Dynamics simulation of direct shear test[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(7):96-101.(in Chinese)