湿法脱硫废水液柱蒸发特性
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摘要
提出了一种利用烟气余热基于液柱蒸发浓缩脱硫废水的新型工艺,旨在降低脱硫废水零排放的成本。利用液柱蒸发试验台,研究了不同工艺参数下脱硫废水的液柱蒸发特性,得到了出口烟气湿饱和的边界条件。研究结果表明:在试验参数范围内,烟气裹挟速率、蒸发速率、压力损失范围分别为1.5~53.17kg/h、8.85~45.73kg/h、9~160Pa,出口烟气湿度、出口烟气温度、SO2去除率范围分别为28.6%rh~99.6%rh、42.5~65.7℃、4.1%~61.0%。出口烟气中盐离子浓度的增加为烟气裹挟废水所致,蒸发过程中盐类不会迁移到烟气中。喷嘴直径为2.5mm时,出口烟气均呈湿饱和态;喷嘴直径为5mm时,蒸发塔内烟气流速大于5.0m/s时,出口烟气呈湿饱和态;喷嘴直径为10.6mm时,出口烟气均呈不饱和态。本实验的实施对于电厂的余热利用和废水零排放项目提供了参考和借鉴意义。
A new technology of concentrating desulfurization wastewater based on liquid column evaporation using the waste heat of flue gas was proposed in this study,which can reduce the cost of wet desulfurization wastewater zero discharge. The liquid column evaporation test-bed was established and the evaporation characteristics of wet desulfurization wastewater in liquid column form were discussed. The boundary conditions of wet-saturated outlet flue gas were determined. Experimental results showed that in selected range of operating parameters,the range of the carrier rate,evaporation speed and pressure loss are 1.5—53.17kg/h,8.85—45.73kg/h,9—160Pa,respectively. The range of the outlet flue gas humidity,outlet flue gas temperature and removal efficiency of SO2 are 28.6%—99.6%,42.5—65.7℃,4.1%—61.03%,respectively. The salts do not migrate into the flue gas during liquid column evaporation. Meanwhile,the carrier of flue gas increases the concentration of salts in outlet flue. The outlet flue gas is wet-saturated when the nozzle diameter is 2.5mm,and it is the opposite when the nozzle diameter is 10.6mm. Only when flue gas speed is greater than 5.0m/s,the outlet flue gas is wet-saturated when the nozzle diameter is 5mm. This study provides experiences and references of power plant wet desulfurization wastewater with waste heat utilization and zero discharge.
A new technology of concentrating desulfurization wastewater based on liquid column evaporation using the waste heat of flue gas was proposed in this study,which can reduce the cost of wet desulfurization wastewater zero discharge. The liquid column evaporation test-bed was established and the evaporation characteristics of wet desulfurization wastewater in liquid column form were discussed. The boundary conditions of wet-saturated outlet flue gas were determined. Experimental results showed that in selected range of operating parameters,the range of the carrier rate,evaporation speed and pressure loss are 1.5—53.17kg/h,8.85—45.73kg/h,9—160Pa,respectively. The range of the outlet flue gas humidity,outlet flue gas temperature and removal efficiency of SO2 are 28.6%—99.6%,42.5—65.7℃,4.1%—61.03%,respectively. The salts do not migrate into the flue gas during liquid column evaporation. Meanwhile,the carrier of flue gas increases the concentration of salts in outlet flue. The outlet flue gas is wet-saturated when the nozzle diameter is 2.5mm,and it is the opposite when the nozzle diameter is 10.6mm. Only when flue gas speed is greater than 5.0m/s,the outlet flue gas is wet-saturated when the nozzle diameter is 5mm. This study provides experiences and references of power plant wet desulfurization wastewater with waste heat utilization and zero discharge.
引文
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[11]刘秋生.烟气脱硫废水“零排放”技术应用[J].热力发电,2014,43(12):114-117.LIU Q S.Application and comparison of zero discharge technology for desulfurization wastewater[J].Thermal Power Generation,2014,43(12):114-117.
[12]王可辉,蒋芬,徐志清,等.燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放工艺路线研究[J].工业用水与废水,2016,47(1):9-12.WANG K H,JIANG F,XU Z Q,et al.Study on process route of desulfurization wastewater zero discharge from coal-fired power plant[J].Industrial Water&Wastewater,2016,47(1):9-12.
[13]张广文,孙墨杰,张蒲璇,等.燃煤火力电厂脱硫废水零排放可行性研究[J].东北电力大学学报,2014,34(5):87-91.ZHANG G W,SUN M J,ZHANG P X,et al.The study of the feasibility of zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater in Coal fired Power Plant[J].Journal Of Northeast Dianli University,2014,34(5):87-91.
[14]高原,陈智胜.新型脱硫废水零排放处理方案[J].华电技术,2008,30(4):73-75.GAO Y,CHEN Z S.New treatment scheme of zero discharge for desulfurization wastewater[J].Huadian Technology,2008,30(4):73-75.
[15]罗渊涛,姜威.火力发电厂烟气脱硫废水处理[J].黑龙江电力,2007,25(3):161-162,168.LUO Y T,JIANG W.Desulfurization wastewater treatment in coal-fired power plant[J].Heilongjiang Electric Power,2007,25(3):161-162,168.
[16]虞启义,徐良斌.石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水的处置[J].电力环境保护,2004,20(3):47-49.YU Q Y,XU L B.Treatment of wastewater from limestone-gypsum flue gas desulfurization in power plant[J].Electrial Environment Protection,2004,20(3):47-49.
[17]WU Y W.Research on limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater[J].Chin Power,2006,39(4):75-78.
[18]马双忱,柴峰,吴文龙,等.脱硫废水烟道喷雾蒸发的数值模拟[J].计算机与应用化学,2016,33(1):47-53.MA S C,CHAI F,WU W L,et al.The numerical simulation of flue gas desulfurization wastewater spray evaporation[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2016,33(1):47-53.
[19]吴帅帅,李红智,陈鸿伟,等.脱硫废水烟道喷雾蒸发过程的数值模拟[J].热力发电,2015,44(12):31-36.WU S S,LI H Z,CHEN H W,et al.Numerical study on spray evaporation process of desulfurization wastewater in flue duce[J].Thermal Power Generation,2015,44(12):31-36.
[20]SHAW W A.Benefits of evaporating FGD purge water[J].Power,2008,53(3):59-66.
[21]WANG J X,LI Y Z,ZHANG H S,et al.Investigation of a spray cooling system with two nozzles for space application[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2015,89:115-124.
[22]HIRONORI M.Reply to the comment by K.Jorgensen et al.to“Analysis of constant rate period of spray drying of slurry”[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61(6):2101-2102.
[23]RAHIMI A,TAHERI M,FATHIKALAJAHI J.Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in hot gas spray systems[J].Chem.Eng.Commun.,2002,189(7):959-973.
[24]FELDKAMP M,NEUMANN J,FELDKAMP H.Influence of droplet collision on the design of flue gas desulfurization scrubbers in power plant technology[J].Chem.Eng.Technol.,2003,26(9):956-959.
[25]KIM H,SUNG N.The effect of ambient pressure on the evaporation of a single droplet and a spray[J].Combust Flame,2003,135(3):261-270.
[26]张志荣.火电厂湿法烟气脱硫废水喷雾蒸发处理方法关键问题研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.ZHANG Z R.Study on thermal power plant wet FGD wastewater trentment spray evaporation key issues[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011.
[27]ALKHEDHAIR A,GUAN Z Q,JAHN I,et al.Water spray for precooling of inlet air for natural draft dry cooling towers experimentalstudy[J].Int.J.Therm.Sci.,2015,90:70-78.
[28]SADAFI M H,JAHN I,HOOMAN K.Cooling performance of solid containing water for spray assisted dry cooling towers[J].Energy Conv.Manage.,2015,91:158-167.
[29]MILIAUSKAS G,ADOMAVICIUS A,MAZIUKIENEY M.Modelling of water droplets heat and mass transfer in the course of phase transitions.I:Phase transitions cycle peculiarities and iterative scheme of numerical research control and optimization[J].Nonlinear Anal.Model.Control,2016,21(1):151.
[30]POSTRIOTI L,BRIZI G,UNGARO C,et al.A methodology to investigate the behavior of urea-water sprays in high temperature air flow for SCR de-NOx applications[J].Fuel,2015,150:548-557.
[31]刘欣颖.燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放技术路线分析[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2016(6):105-106.LIU X Y.Analysis on zero discharge technology of desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plant[J].Inner Monglia Science Technology&Economy,2016(6):105-106.
[32]张广文,孙墨杰,张蒲璇,等.燃煤火力发电厂脱硫废水零排放可行性研究[J].东北电力大学学报,2014,34(5):87-91.ZHANG G W,SUN M J,ZHANG P X,et al.The study of the feasibility of zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plant[J].Journal of Northeast Dianli University,2014,34(5):87-91.
[2]洪永强,陈桂芳,毛岩鹏,等.湿法脱硫浆液的真空蒸馏特性[J].化工进展,2016,35(8):2561-2574.HONG Y Q,CHEN G F,MAO Y P,et al.Distillation characteristics of wet flue gas desulfurization serosity[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016,35(8):2561-2574.
[3]MA S C,CHAI J,CHEN G D,et al.Research on desulfurization wastewater evaporation:present and future perspectives[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,58:1143-1151.
[4]王丹,蒋道利.蒸发结晶技术在高含盐废水零排放领域的应用[J].中国井矿盐,2014,45(10):7-10.WANG D,JIANG D L.The application of evaporation crystallization technology in zero discharge area of high salt wastewater[J].China,Well and Rock Salt,2014,45(10):7-10.
[5]MOSTI C,CENCI V.ZLD systems applied to ENEL coal-fired power plants[J].VGB Powertech,2012(1):69-73.
[6]马双忱,于伟静,贾绍广,等.燃煤电厂脱硫废水处理技术研究与应用进展[J].化工进展,2016,35(1):252-262.MA S C,YU W J,JIA S G,et al.Research and application progresses of flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment technologies in coal-fired plants[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016,35(1):252-262.
[7]SOBHANI R,ABAHUSAYN M,GABELICH C J,et al.Energy footprint analysis of brackish groundwater desalization with zero liquid discharge in inland areas of the Arabian Peninsula[J].Desalization,2012,291(10):106-110.
[8]袁国全,张江涛,潘振波,等.脱硫废水预处理系统软化设备的调试和分析[J].热力发电,2011,40(2):76-78.YUAN G Q,ZHANG J T,PPAN Z B,et al.Commission debugging and analysis of the softening equipment in wastewater pretreatment system of FGD[J].Thermal Power Generation,2011,40(2):76-78.
[9]胡石,丁绍峰,樊兆世.燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放工艺研究[J].洁净煤技术,2015,21(2):129-133.HU S,DING S F,FAN Z S.Zero release technology of desulfurization wastewater in coal fired power plant[J].Clean Coal Technology,2015,21(2):129-133.
[10]SHAW W A.Fundamentals of zero liquid discharge system design[J].Power,2011,155(10):56-58.
[11]刘秋生.烟气脱硫废水“零排放”技术应用[J].热力发电,2014,43(12):114-117.LIU Q S.Application and comparison of zero discharge technology for desulfurization wastewater[J].Thermal Power Generation,2014,43(12):114-117.
[12]王可辉,蒋芬,徐志清,等.燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放工艺路线研究[J].工业用水与废水,2016,47(1):9-12.WANG K H,JIANG F,XU Z Q,et al.Study on process route of desulfurization wastewater zero discharge from coal-fired power plant[J].Industrial Water&Wastewater,2016,47(1):9-12.
[13]张广文,孙墨杰,张蒲璇,等.燃煤火力电厂脱硫废水零排放可行性研究[J].东北电力大学学报,2014,34(5):87-91.ZHANG G W,SUN M J,ZHANG P X,et al.The study of the feasibility of zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater in Coal fired Power Plant[J].Journal Of Northeast Dianli University,2014,34(5):87-91.
[14]高原,陈智胜.新型脱硫废水零排放处理方案[J].华电技术,2008,30(4):73-75.GAO Y,CHEN Z S.New treatment scheme of zero discharge for desulfurization wastewater[J].Huadian Technology,2008,30(4):73-75.
[15]罗渊涛,姜威.火力发电厂烟气脱硫废水处理[J].黑龙江电力,2007,25(3):161-162,168.LUO Y T,JIANG W.Desulfurization wastewater treatment in coal-fired power plant[J].Heilongjiang Electric Power,2007,25(3):161-162,168.
[16]虞启义,徐良斌.石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水的处置[J].电力环境保护,2004,20(3):47-49.YU Q Y,XU L B.Treatment of wastewater from limestone-gypsum flue gas desulfurization in power plant[J].Electrial Environment Protection,2004,20(3):47-49.
[17]WU Y W.Research on limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater[J].Chin Power,2006,39(4):75-78.
[18]马双忱,柴峰,吴文龙,等.脱硫废水烟道喷雾蒸发的数值模拟[J].计算机与应用化学,2016,33(1):47-53.MA S C,CHAI F,WU W L,et al.The numerical simulation of flue gas desulfurization wastewater spray evaporation[J].Computers and Applied Chemistry,2016,33(1):47-53.
[19]吴帅帅,李红智,陈鸿伟,等.脱硫废水烟道喷雾蒸发过程的数值模拟[J].热力发电,2015,44(12):31-36.WU S S,LI H Z,CHEN H W,et al.Numerical study on spray evaporation process of desulfurization wastewater in flue duce[J].Thermal Power Generation,2015,44(12):31-36.
[20]SHAW W A.Benefits of evaporating FGD purge water[J].Power,2008,53(3):59-66.
[21]WANG J X,LI Y Z,ZHANG H S,et al.Investigation of a spray cooling system with two nozzles for space application[J].Appl.Therm.Eng.,2015,89:115-124.
[22]HIRONORI M.Reply to the comment by K.Jorgensen et al.to“Analysis of constant rate period of spray drying of slurry”[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2006,61(6):2101-2102.
[23]RAHIMI A,TAHERI M,FATHIKALAJAHI J.Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in hot gas spray systems[J].Chem.Eng.Commun.,2002,189(7):959-973.
[24]FELDKAMP M,NEUMANN J,FELDKAMP H.Influence of droplet collision on the design of flue gas desulfurization scrubbers in power plant technology[J].Chem.Eng.Technol.,2003,26(9):956-959.
[25]KIM H,SUNG N.The effect of ambient pressure on the evaporation of a single droplet and a spray[J].Combust Flame,2003,135(3):261-270.
[26]张志荣.火电厂湿法烟气脱硫废水喷雾蒸发处理方法关键问题研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.ZHANG Z R.Study on thermal power plant wet FGD wastewater trentment spray evaporation key issues[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011.
[27]ALKHEDHAIR A,GUAN Z Q,JAHN I,et al.Water spray for precooling of inlet air for natural draft dry cooling towers experimentalstudy[J].Int.J.Therm.Sci.,2015,90:70-78.
[28]SADAFI M H,JAHN I,HOOMAN K.Cooling performance of solid containing water for spray assisted dry cooling towers[J].Energy Conv.Manage.,2015,91:158-167.
[29]MILIAUSKAS G,ADOMAVICIUS A,MAZIUKIENEY M.Modelling of water droplets heat and mass transfer in the course of phase transitions.I:Phase transitions cycle peculiarities and iterative scheme of numerical research control and optimization[J].Nonlinear Anal.Model.Control,2016,21(1):151.
[30]POSTRIOTI L,BRIZI G,UNGARO C,et al.A methodology to investigate the behavior of urea-water sprays in high temperature air flow for SCR de-NOx applications[J].Fuel,2015,150:548-557.
[31]刘欣颖.燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放技术路线分析[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2016(6):105-106.LIU X Y.Analysis on zero discharge technology of desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plant[J].Inner Monglia Science Technology&Economy,2016(6):105-106.
[32]张广文,孙墨杰,张蒲璇,等.燃煤火力发电厂脱硫废水零排放可行性研究[J].东北电力大学学报,2014,34(5):87-91.ZHANG G W,SUN M J,ZHANG P X,et al.The study of the feasibility of zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plant[J].Journal of Northeast Dianli University,2014,34(5):87-91.