卫星云参数与飞机云物理探测对比研究和飞行方案设计
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摘要
开展卫星反演云特性参数与飞机观测的对比研究,对于更好地发挥卫星遥感观测在天气、云物理和人工影响天气方面的探测优势具有重要意义。选取2012年9月21日一次层状云降水过程,对比分析FY-2与MODIS反演云参数及飞机观测结果,探索了飞机检验卫星云参数的飞行方案。结果表明:FY-2反演云参数演变趋势与飞机观测结果有较好的一致性;FY-2反演有效粒子半径(Effective Radius,Re)和光学厚度(τ)与MODIS反演的Re和τ间相关性较好,但此个例FY-2反演值普遍小于MODIS反演值;探测区域FY-2反演Re频率分布与飞机观测Re分布有一定差异,FY-2反演Re偏小,MODIS反演Re频率分布与飞机观测结果更为接近;飞机观测计算得到的τ和液水路径值(Liquid Water Path,LWP)与卫星反演τ和LWP差异较大,FY-2反演值明显偏小。对于Re的检验,飞机最好在Re分布不大均匀的云顶作较长距离平飞观测;对于LWP和τ等垂直积分参量的检验,飞机最好选择在光学厚度较均匀的小区域内螺旋爬升至云顶之上,再自云顶向下至最低高度进行垂直观测。
Carrying out comparative studies of satellite retrieved cloud characteristic parameters and aircraft observations is of great significance to better utilize the advantages of satellite remote sensing observations in the aspects of weather,cloud physics and weather modification.The process of stratiform cloud precipitation on September 21,2012 was selected,and FY-2 satellite retrieved cloud characteristic parameters were compared with those of MODIS and aircraft observations.The aircraft flight plans of assessing satellite retrieved parameters were also explored.The results showed that the evolutionary trend of FY-2 retrieved cloud parameters was in good agreement with aircraft observations.There was a good correlation between parameters retrieved by FY-2 and MODIS,but the inversions of FY-2 was generally smaller than that of MODIS.The frequency distribution of FY-2 retrieval in the detection area was more concentrated,and the frequency distribution of MODIS inversion Re is closer to the aircraft observation result.The difference between τ and Liquid Water Path(LWP) from satellite inversion and those calculated by aircraft observation was large,and the FY-2 inversion value was obviously smaller.For the validation of satellite Re,it is better to do long-distance horizontal flight observation near the cloud top height.Inhomogeneous Re distribution is expected.For the validation of vertical integral parameters such as τ and LWP,it is better to choose the uniform optical thickness area.The aircraft should climb up to the top of the cloud,and then hover down from the top of the cloud to the lowest height.
Carrying out comparative studies of satellite retrieved cloud characteristic parameters and aircraft observations is of great significance to better utilize the advantages of satellite remote sensing observations in the aspects of weather,cloud physics and weather modification.The process of stratiform cloud precipitation on September 21,2012 was selected,and FY-2 satellite retrieved cloud characteristic parameters were compared with those of MODIS and aircraft observations.The aircraft flight plans of assessing satellite retrieved parameters were also explored.The results showed that the evolutionary trend of FY-2 retrieved cloud parameters was in good agreement with aircraft observations.There was a good correlation between parameters retrieved by FY-2 and MODIS,but the inversions of FY-2 was generally smaller than that of MODIS.The frequency distribution of FY-2 retrieval in the detection area was more concentrated,and the frequency distribution of MODIS inversion Re is closer to the aircraft observation result.The difference between τ and Liquid Water Path(LWP) from satellite inversion and those calculated by aircraft observation was large,and the FY-2 inversion value was obviously smaller.For the validation of satellite Re,it is better to do long-distance horizontal flight observation near the cloud top height.Inhomogeneous Re distribution is expected.For the validation of vertical integral parameters such as τ and LWP,it is better to choose the uniform optical thickness area.The aircraft should climb up to the top of the cloud,and then hover down from the top of the cloud to the lowest height.
引文
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[20]周毓荃,陈英英,李娟,等.用FY-2C/D卫星等综合观测资料反演云物理特性产品及检验[J].气象,2008,34(12):27-35.
[21]盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[22]赵增亮,毛节泰,王磊,等.一次典型层积云的飞机观测结果及与卫星资料的对比分析[J].气象学报,2011,69(3):521-527.
[23]游景炎.云降水物理和人工增雨技术研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1994:236-249.
[24]张瑜,银燕,石立新,等.2007年秋季河北地区云微物理结构的飞机探测分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):530-537.
[25]黄梦宇,赵春生,周广强,等.华北地区层状云微物理特性及气溶胶对云的影响[J].大气科学学报,2005,28(3):360-368.
[26]Cober S G,Isaac G A,Korolev A V,et al.Assessing cloud-phase conditions[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2001,40(11):1967-1983.
[27]Platnick S.Vertical photon transport in cloud remote sensing problems[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1999,105 (D18) :22919-22293.
[28]陈英英,周毓荃,毛节泰,等.利用FY-2C静止卫星资料反演云粒子有效半径的试验研究[J].气象,2007,33(4):29-34.
[29]周毓荃,欧建军.利用探空数据分析云垂直结构的方法及其应用研究[J].气象,2010,36(11):50-58.
[2]Slonaker R L,Woert M L V.Atmospheric moisture transport across the Southern Ocean via satellite observations[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1999,104(D8):9229-9249.
[3]曹越前,张武,药静宇,等.半干旱区云量变化特征及其与太阳辐射关系的研究[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):684-693.
[4]吉哲君,王丽娜,李国军,等.黄河上游玛曲地区 1971—2010年云量的变化特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2014,8(5):29- 33.
[5]汪方,丁一汇.气候模式中云辐射反馈过程机理的评述[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(2):207-215.
[6]蔡淼,周毓荃,朱彬.FY2C/D卫星反演云特性参数与地面雨滴谱降水观测初步分析[J].气象与环境科学,2010,33(1):1-6.
[7]刘晓春,范水勇,毛节泰.云顶参数与降水间关系的统计分析和数值模拟[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(2):125-138.
[8]吴举秀,魏鸣,王以琳.利用毫米波测云雷达反演层状云中过冷水[J].干旱气象,2015,33(2):227-235.
[9]秦彦硕,刘世玺,范根昌,等.华北地区春季一次层状云的微物理特征及可播性分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3):481-489.
[10]刘岩,马骁骏,李浩,等.应用CloudSat和Aqua卫星资料的北疆一次暴雪过程中云的宏微观物理属性[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(2):9-15.
[11]Heygster G.Comparison of cloudsat cloud liquid water paths in Arctic summer using ground-based microwave radiometer[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2010,9(4):333-342.
[12]Liu Z,Marchand R,Ackerman T.A comparison of observations in the tropical western Pacific from ground-based and satellite millimeter-wavelength cloud radars[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2010,115(D24):9-12.
[13]Min Q L,Harrison L C.Cloud properties derived from surface MFRSR measurements and comparison with GOES results at the ARM SGP site[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1996,23(13):1641-1644.
[14]Min Q,Joseph E,Lin Y,et al.Comparison of MODIS cloud microphysical properties with in-situ measurements over the Southeast Pacific[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions,2012,12(1):1419-1449.
[15]Painemal D,Zuidema P.Assessment of MODIS cloud effective radius and optical thickness retrievals over the Southeast Pacific with VOCALS‐REx in situ measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2011,116(D24):24206.
[16]Nakajima T Y.Comparisons of warm cloud properties obtained from satellite,ground,and aircraft measurements during APEX intensive observation period in 2000 and 2001[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2005,83(6):1085-1095.
[17]Davis S M,Avallone L M,Kahn B H,et al.Comparison of airborne in situ measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of cirrus cloud optical and microphysical properties during the Midlatitude Cirrus Experiment (MidCiX)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2009,114(D2):356-360.
[18]Dong X,Minnis P,Mace G G,et al.Comparison of stratus cloud properties deduced from surface,GOES,and aircraft data during the March 2000 ARM cloud IOP[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2002,59(23):3265-3284.
[19]Painemal D,Minnis P,Ayers J K,et al.GOES-10 microphysical retrievals in marine warm clouds:Multi-instrument validation and daytime cycle over the southeast Pacific[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2012,117(D19):19212.
[20]周毓荃,陈英英,李娟,等.用FY-2C/D卫星等综合观测资料反演云物理特性产品及检验[J].气象,2008,34(12):27-35.
[21]盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[22]赵增亮,毛节泰,王磊,等.一次典型层积云的飞机观测结果及与卫星资料的对比分析[J].气象学报,2011,69(3):521-527.
[23]游景炎.云降水物理和人工增雨技术研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1994:236-249.
[24]张瑜,银燕,石立新,等.2007年秋季河北地区云微物理结构的飞机探测分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):530-537.
[25]黄梦宇,赵春生,周广强,等.华北地区层状云微物理特性及气溶胶对云的影响[J].大气科学学报,2005,28(3):360-368.
[26]Cober S G,Isaac G A,Korolev A V,et al.Assessing cloud-phase conditions[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2001,40(11):1967-1983.
[27]Platnick S.Vertical photon transport in cloud remote sensing problems[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1999,105 (D18) :22919-22293.
[28]陈英英,周毓荃,毛节泰,等.利用FY-2C静止卫星资料反演云粒子有效半径的试验研究[J].气象,2007,33(4):29-34.
[29]周毓荃,欧建军.利用探空数据分析云垂直结构的方法及其应用研究[J].气象,2010,36(11):50-58.